제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가

김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.

사회적 기업의 차원과 타당성 : 사회적 기업가 육성 정책을 중심으로

최호택, 정석환 培材大學校 社會科學硏究所 2012 사회과학연구 Vol.34 No.1

This study examines political measures to cultivate social enterprises in order to grope for ways to develop social enterprises. The results gained from this research can be summed up as below: First, from the practical perspective to social enterprises, Korea has grown social enterprises quantitatively through diverse support policies for such things as finance and infrastructure under its government’s powerful initiative and has been practicing its policies. This tremendous financial support has led to the pressure on the governmental finance, and this study has found there is great possibility that social enterprises may show limits to growth after all. Second, it is very crucial that the distinctiveness of social enterprises should be harmonized with the publicness and corporateness, and to realize that, this paper has gotten the implication that it is very important to build policies to cultivate social enterprises. In other words, only when the operators of social enterprises are equipped with specialized administrative ability about publicness and corporateness, they can get close to the essence that social enterprises pursue. It is expected that this study result will contribute meaningfully to discussing political measures from various perspectives regarding the development of social enterprises both practically and academically.

대통령의 국정운영방향에 대한 인지시스템 연구

최호택, 정석환 培材大學校 社會科學硏究所 2013 사회과학연구 Vol.35 No.1

This study applied a theory in cognitive psychology that human decision making should work through environmental data processing and studied the inauguration speech of Park Geun-hye as the 18th President of the Republic of Korea to explore the national administration direction by analyzing Park's cognitive system. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as for national administration, President Park has established four sectoral cognition systems at large and integrated them to make a holistic system based on national development as a policy variable. Second, major policy variables recognized by President include national development, creative economy, economic prosperity, national competitiveness, economic democratization, personal capacity, cultural prosperity, and national happiness. Third, policy variables of President's cognition system form mutually dynamic circulatory relations, resulting in one policy variable. This reasonably forecasts policy consistency to a significant extent. The results of this study work as empirical evidence to clarify theories in policy psychology, enhancing further academic development.

치질에 대한 상아질 접착제의 접합도에 관한 연구

황호길,조영곤,박성택 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.2

廣告稅 新設의 妥當性 分析에 관한 硏究 : 忠淸北道를 中心으로

최호택 청주대학교 대학원 1995 우암논총 Vol.13 No.-

Since the late President Park dismantled local autonomy, it has been a controversial political issue in Korea. Against all odds, the local autonomy will fully be restored. However, many odds are still remain which make localities hard to be self governed. Among those, insufficiencies of local finance is the most problematic ones, The province of Chungbuk is one of the region which will suffer more from lack of revenue than any other regions. The main objective of is study is to explore the means to increase revenue source for Chungbuk province. This study investigates advertisement tax as a way of increasing revenue for the province. On the basis of an extensive literature review and data analysis, this study examines the current situation and problems of local finance in Korea with special reference to the province. In addition, several alternatives to solve these problems are analyzied. The principal findings of this study are 1)there is no serious difficulties in installing the advertisement tax which means that the introduction of such tax can be justified from several perspectives; 2)the advertisement tax, if it is well administered, can increase province revenue; 3)however, the incidence of the tax should be closely monitored.

精神症狀에 대한 韓國人의 態度調査

元鎬澤,洪元植,張煥日,陳聖太,金光日,李基南,嚴龍燮,金明正 大韓神經精神醫學會 1973 신경정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

Korean psychiatrists are more apt to take the abnormal drinking behavior lightly and regard the psychosomatic symptoms as more serious, comparing with American psychiatrists. On the other hand, physicians as well as adults from the population in Korea are less concerned about the neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms and alcoholic behavior as psychiatric problems. It is the authors' concern to understand such differences in opinion about abnormal behaviors from the cultural and social psychiatric view point. The authors used Dohrenwend's questionaire form of 45 mental symptoms and three additional items i. e., homosexual behavior, symptom of senile psychosis and delusion of jealousy following the authors' interests. Each item was rated by three point cale (psychiatrically very serious=2 points, somewhat serious=1, not serious at all=0) and evaluated with critical ratio. As a preliminary study, the reliability of this questionaire was confirmed by the test-retest method; Spearman's rho was 0,93. The subjects in this study consist of 50 psychiatrists, 49 physicians, 54 herb practitioners and 154 adults from the normal population(60 urban samples and 94 rural samples). The collection was carried out by individual interviews for the physicians and normal samples, by letters for the psychiatrists and the herb practitioners. And the data of American psychiatrists compared in this study were quoted from Dohrenwend's report(27). This study has two parts: one is the cross-cultural comparison between American psychiatrists and Korean ones, the other is intracultural comparison among psychiatrists, physicians, herb practitioners and normal population samples. Inspite of the general notion that Korean psychiatry has been much oriented to American psychiatry for over twenty years, there are definite differences in opinion about the severity of abnormal behaviors between American and Korean psychiatrist, especially about alcoholic behavior and psychosomatic symptoms. Such differences are possibly interpreted as arising from the cultural differences. The American psychiatrists seem to be more concerned about alcoholic behavior probably due to the strict attitude of people and/or the fact that the United States reveals the highest incidence of alcoholism throughout the world. The Korea psychiatrists, however, have much tolerable attitude toward alcoholic behavior according to the cultural tradition. Solitary drinking is hardly found in Korea; drinking in Korea is a suitable way of interpersonal contact. They drink slowly and are not so intensively dependent upon alcohol itself. Dependency need to alcohol can be diffused to the other persons. And they take alcohol with many kinds of side-dishes. These drinking manners seem to be cultural virtues for low incidence of alcoholism in Korea. Thus, Korean psychiatrists as well as adults from normal population have highly tolerable attitude toward alcoholic behavior. Even when some person reveals a destructive behavior after drinking, they grant it as a personal charm. Korea psychiatrists, therefore, are not so nervous about the alcoholic behavior. On the other hard, the psychosomatic problems seem to be serious in Korean mental patients. They are easily apt to express their emotional problems as somatic symptoms possibly due to the disease concept of oriental herb medicine that has a high tendency of projection of emotional conflicts unto the soma. So most of Korean people are not aware that psychosomatic symptoms are originated from the emotional problems, and quite contrary to it, the psychiatrists may be highly conscious of psychosomatic symptoms. Another significant difference is seen in suicidal idea and suspiciousness: American psychiatrists regard them as more serious, and reversely Korean psychiatrists regard them as less serious. Such a pattern may also be derived from the socio-cultural differences. When Koreans are either dissapointed or delighted, they say frequently "I want to die" or "It's funny to death" and so on. This idiomatic expression is far from the real death wish but rather an expression of magnification. And the suicidal idea itself is frequently seen in normal population even suicidal attempt is evaluated as abnormal in Korea. With such reasons, Korean psychiatrists may notice suicidal idea as less serious than American psychiatrists. And the suspiciousness may be a way of living for the people under the historical turmoil and vigorous aculturation, that it is perceived as not so abnormal. The next problem is the marked discrepancy of opinion about abnormal behaviors among psychiatrists, physicians, herb practitioners and normal population samples. The agreement of physicians, herb practitioners, urban samples and rural samples with the psychiatrists on the relative severity of symptoms revealed as Spearman's rho of 0.79, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.44 respectively. It is the main point of problem that physicians are less aware of neurotic symptoms which can appear in the somatic illness, and of psychosomatic symptoms as psychiatric problem. Possible reason is that Korean physician have been oriented to the somatic medicine without proper psychosomatic orientation. On the other hand, the herb practitioners are apt to ignore the severity of psychotic symptoms and on the other, regard the neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms as much as psychiatrists' opinion. And the samples of normal population regard the neurotic symptoms as more serious than the psychotic symptoms, and are not aware of the psychosomatic symptoms as psychiatric problems. Physicians, herb practitioners and samples from the normal population underestimate the alcoholic behavior more than psychiatrists do. The alcoholism according to physicians' opinion is rather somatic problem than psychological one. The herb practitioners and adults from normal population manifest the prominently tolerable attitude toward alcoholic behavior. In conclusion, two kinds of problems can be suggested. One is that the difference between Korean and American psychiatrists in the evaluation on the severity of abnormal behaviors, is possibly due to sociocultural differences. The other is the intracultural difference among psychiatrists, physicians, herb practitioners and adults from normal population. Such a difference suggests that there is a considerable cultural lag in the disease concept and attitude between the modern psychiatry and the cultural tradition. This discrepancy can result in the undesirable wandering of patients for seeking the treatment and some hardship in modern psychiatric practitioning in Korea.

交換局 可聽信號音의 CCITT勸告에 따른 規格과 Digital 化에 관한 硏究

李宅鍾,元東豪 成均館大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

In this paper, current audible tone, dial tone, busy tone, ringing tone have been studied on fitness of CCITT Recommendation Q35 and in sense of hearing. And under the consideration of automatic tone detection, digital tone generation in PCM exchange, CCITT Recommendation Q35, restriction of other equipments and confusion of current subscribers, new unified audible tone firequency and cadence were proposed as fallows. Dial tone is 400Hz and continuous, busy tone 421.05 Hz 0.5s ON-0.5s OFF and ringing tone 444.44 Hz 1s ON-4s OFF.

폐 FRP/석분슬러지 충전 복합재의 제조 및 기계적 물성에 관한 연구

황택성,박진원,이철호 공주대학교 자원재활용신소재지역협력센터 2000 2차년도 센터 사업 성과집 Vol.2000 No.1

SMC 욕조 생산 시 발생하는 폐 FRP와 석재 가공공정에서 발생되는 석분슬러지를 재활용하기 위하여 불포화에스테르 매트릭스 수지에 분말 충전하여 복합재를 제조하였다. 또한 충전제와 매트릭스 간의 계면결합력을 향상시키기 의해 석분을 실란 커플링제 γ-methacryloxypropyltrime-thoxysilane (γ-MPS)로 전처리하여 복합재를 제조하고 기계적 물성 및 계면현상을 관찰하였다. 복합재의 굴곡탄성율은 석분함량이 10 wt%, 실란커플링제의 농도가 3 wt%일 때 가장 우수하였으며 석분 충전량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 복합재의 초기 열분해온도는 352∼359 ℃이었으며 이 온도에서 중량감소율은 약 3%로 충전제의 양에 관계없이 거의 일정한 경향을 보였다. γ-MPS 처리에 따른 복합재의 물성변화를 관찰한 결과 충전제와 매트릭스 수지간 계면결합력인 증진되어 물리·화학적으로 안정한 결합을 이루고 있고 pull out현상이 발생하지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다 In order to recyle the FRP waste from SMC bathtubs and rock-crush sludge obtained as a byproduct of stones, the composite consisting of the FRP and rock-crush sludge and the unsaturated polyester matrix resin were prepared. To enhance the interfacial bonding force between the reinforcements and the matrix resin, the rock-crush sludge was treated with silane coupling agent, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS ) and their mechanical properties and interface phenomena were examined. The flexural moduius of the composite containing 10 wt% rock-crush powder treated with 3 wt% silane coupling agent showed the maximum value. And also the initial thermal degradation temperature of composites were in the range of 352∼359℃. From these results, we observed that the weight loss of composites was almost constant regardless of the concentration of silane coupling agent. It is confirmed that the interface of the composites containing filler treated with γ-MPS was improved in that were were no pull-out phenomena between the reinforcement and matrix resin.

靑山島 植物相의 生態學的 硏究

李浩俊,金仁澤,李一球 建國大學校附設 應用科學硏究所 1980 理學論集 Vol.6 No.-

On Surveying the floras of Cheong-San Island in July, 1979, we found 57 families 97 genera 121 species 15 varieties. Originally this island was covered with the Pinus densiflora, but these days the island is ocupied by a dominant species, namely Pinns thunbergii. The floras of Pinus thunbergii, Rhododendron weyrichii, and Eurya japonica covered all over the island. Ever-green broad-leaved trees which were found throughout this island were as follows: Quercus slicina, Pittosporum tobira, Rhaphiloepis umbellata, Euonymus japonica, Hedera rhombea, Euonymus fortunei, Camellia japonica, Ligustrum foliosum, Eurya japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, Tracheloapermum asiaticum, Vitex rotundifolia, Eurya japonica var. aurenscens. It is remarkable that there is a few forest in secret, it is advisable to give some education them about recognition of natural protection.

Malathion이 Mouse 肝細胞의 微細構造에 미치는 影響

鄭鎬三,李圭植,金振宅 한양대학교 의과대학 1985 한양의대 학술지 Vol.5 No.1

Malathin (0,0-dimethyl 5-[1,2 dicarboethoxyethyl] dithiophosphate) is one of the organic phosphorus compounds and has been widely used as an insecticide. It is well known that the organophosphorus compounds inactivate an enzyme, cholinesterase, and resultant accumulation of acetylcholine effects on a pattern of cholinergic stimulation. Present study has demonstrated the hepatotoxicity caused by malathion, an organophosphorus compound, observing the ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of hepatocytes in mice. The experimental animals were given 0.2ml of malathion diluted in olive oil(100mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. The animals of control group were killed at 6 hours after olive oil treatment, and the animals of the experimental groups were killed at 12, 24 and 36 hours after administration of malathion, respectively. The specimens obtained from the left anterior lobes of the liver were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate double contrast methods and observed with JEM 100B model electron microscope. The cytoplasmic organelles of hepatocyte in malathion trated mice showed the fallowing significant changes. 1) A slight morphological changes such as dilatation, sacculation and fragementation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with detachment of membrane-bound ribosomes and disaggregation of the free ribosomes are recognized. 2) Primary lysosomes were increased in number and formation of secondary lysosomes (autophagic vaculoes and residual bodies) were observed. 3) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of the glycogen particles were noted. 4) Large amount of lipid droplets were originated. The results obtained in the present study suggested that malathion appeared to by cytotoxic to the liver cells of mice and that the organophosphorus compound would induce retrograde changes characterized by destruction of small organelles of the hepatocytes.