文山 李載毅의 삶과 交遊

李鍾虎(Lee Jong-Ho) 한국인물사연구소 2010 한국인물사연구 Vol.13 No.-

Moonsan is Lee Jae-ui(1772~1839)'s pen name. He is born the eldest grandson of the Jeonju Lee's Dukchun family line. Jeonju Lee's family is a prince of the blood in Chosun dynasty.. His noble birth make him a proud person. His birthplace was Seoul, but he have lived in Yongin, Kyunggi province. Especially he is a great-grandson of chief general, Lee Ju-guk who loved by king Jungjoe. Lee Jae-ui should carry out a duty of descendant offering sacrifice to his ancestors. That is a devout and unavoidable fate for him. Because he has a strong consciousness of offering sacrifice to his ancestors. He didn't go into government service at all. Instead of it, he made an effort to cultivate his morals and manage the family. Lee Jae-ui was taught chinese literature by Nam, you-do and the confucian scriptures by Ryu, Jung-mo in early years. During adult ages, he was a disciple of Park, yoon-won and Song, hwan-ki who are prominent scholars of confucianism. And then he promoted a friendship with lung, Jaw-meun Ann, ho Kim, young Sim, Ryu Song, Myung-hee lung, Yak-yong etc., they are his senior scholars. Whang, Gi-chun and Hong, Jik-pil, Lee, Man-jung and Sim, Du-young are Lee Jae-ui's best friends, First of all, he was known by lung, Yak-yong's argument parter of human nature. We hope that Lee Jae-ui's literature and thought is studied deeply sooner or later.

PGA2-induced expression of HO-1 is mediated by transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2

Sang-sun Lee,Yun-Jeong Choe,Hyein Lee,Sun-Young Lee,Ho-Shik Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.2

Backgrounds: Prostaglandin (PG) A2 reportedly stimulated expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 at the level of transcription via the activation of p38MAPK. Details of the mechanism, however, have not been provided, and this includes identification of the transcription factors responsible for PGA2-induced HO-1 expression. Herein is described an analysis of the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and how PGA2 increases the activity of Nrf2 during PGA2-induced HO-1 expression. Methods: Expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were analyzed at the levels of both mRNA and protein. Nrf2 siRNA, SB203580, an inhibitor of p38MAPK, and scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were used to identify the effects of Nrf2, p38MAPK and ROS on PGA2-induced HO-1 expression. Results: Although SB203580 suppressed PGA2-induced HO-1 expression, genetic activation of p38MAPK could not stimulate the transcription of HO-1. Cycloheximide (CHX), an inhibitor of protein translation, almost completely prevented PGA2-induced increase of HO-1 transcription, but it did not prevent the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, which suggests that both de novo protein synthesis and p38MAPK activity are required to induce the transcription of HO-1 in response to PGA2 treatment. In addition, PGA2 increased the level of both Nrf2 mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of Nrf2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed PGA2-induced HO-1 expression. The PGA2-induced transcription of Nrf2 was prevented by ROS scavengers such as n-acetyl-l-cysteine and tempol but not CHX. Furthermore, siRNA against p38MAPK did not change the level of nuclear Nrf2 protein. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PGA2 induces HO-1 transcription via an increase in Nrf2 protein, the transcription of which is initiated by an accumulation of ROS that is independent of the p38MAPK activation pathway.

Prostaglandin A₂-induced Apoptosis is Not Inhibited by Heme Oygenase-1 in U2OS Cells

Kyoung-Won Ko(고경원),Sun-Young Lee(이선영),Ji-Hyun Ahn(안지현),Jaetaek Kim(김재택),In-Kyung Kim(김인경),Ho-Shik Kim(김호식) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.11

Prostaglandin A₂ (PGA₂)는 사람 골육종 세포인 U2OS 세포주에서 apoptosis와 heme oxygenase (HO)-1의 발현을 함께 유도하였다. PGA₂에 의한 apoptosis는 HO-1의 과도한 발현이나 HO-1에 대한 small interfering RNA에 의한 발현저하에 의하여 변동되지 않았으나 H₂O₂에 의한 세포사망은 HO-1의 발현 수준에 반비례하여 변동되었다. 또한 thiol antioxidant인 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)은 PGA₂에 의한 세포사망과 HO-1의 발현 증가를 모두 차단하였지만, non-thiol antioxidant인 butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)과 ascorbic acid는 세포사망과 HO-1의 발현 유도를 차단하지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과들은 PGA₂는 산화성 손상에 의해서가 아니라 PGA₂의 thiol-reactivity에 의하여 apoptosis와 HO-1의 발현을 유도하며, HO-1의 발현은 PGA₂에 의한 apoptosis와는 독립적인 현상이거나 기능적으로 apoptosis 유도의 하부에 위치하고 apoptosis의 진행에는 기여하지 않을 것이라는 것을 시사해 준다. Prostaglandin A₂ (PGA₂), one of cyclopentenone PGs, induced both apoptosis and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in U2OS cells. PGA₂-induced apoptosis was not perturbed by either over-expression or knock-down of HO-1, whereas H₂O₂-induced cell death was inversely modulated by the expression level of HO-1. In addition, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, blocked both apoptosis and HO-1 expression induced by PGA₂. But, non-thiol antioxidants like butylated hydorxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid did not block either apoptosis or HO-1-induction. Taken together, these results suggest that PGA₂ induces both apoptosis and HO-1 expression, which are critically related to the thiol-reactivity of PGA₂, but not oxidative stress, and HO-1 expression may be independent or functionally located downstream of apoptosis by PGA₂ without contribution to apoptosis progression.

N-acetyl cysteine inhibits H2O2-mediated reduction in the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by down-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

( Daewoo Lee ),( Sung Ho Kook ),( Hyeok Ji ),( Seung Ah Lee ),( Ki Choon Choi ),( Kyung Yeol Lee ),( Jeong Chae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2015 BMB Reports Vol.48 No.11

There are controversial findings regarding the roles of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway on bone metabolism under oxidative stress. We investigated how Nrf2/HO-1 pathway affects osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or both. Exposing the cells to H2O2 decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteoblast markers, such as osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2. In contrast, H2O2 treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells. Treatment with hemin, a chemical HO-1 inducer, mimicked the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the HO-1 expression and decreasing the osteogenic marker genes. Pretreatment with NAC restored all changes induced by H2O2 to near normal levels in the cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that H2O2-mediated activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway negatively regulates the osteoblast differentiation, which is inhibited by NAC. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 636-641]

PGA2 induces the expression of HO-1 by activating p53 in HCT116 cells

Hyein Lee,Sang-Sun Lee,Ji-Young Park,Yun-Jeong Choe,이선영,Ho-Shik Kim,H.-S. Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2017 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.13 No.2

Prostaglandin (PG) A2 which is a cytotoxic PG, was reported to induce the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via activation of p38MAPK to keep U2OS cells from cell cycle arrest in G2M phase. The expression of HO-1 is primarily regulated at the level of transcription. But the transcription factors that are responsible for PGA2-induced HO-1 expression were not clarified yet. Here, we report that PGA2-induced transcription of HO-1 is mediated by p53, a tumor suppressive transcription factor. In HCT116 cells, PGA2 treatment led to the phosphorylation of p53 and an increase of p21WAF1 transcription as well as the activation of HO-1 transcription. Knocking p53 down via RNA interference or inhibiting the p53’s transcriptional activity by pifithrin-α treatment led to suppression of the increase in the level of both HO-1 expression and activity of HO-1 promoter. Pretreatment of NU- 7441, a chemical inhibitor of DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK), prevented both the PGA2-induced phosphorylation of p53 and an increase of HO-1 transcription. In addition, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), also mimicked the effect of NU-7441 on the PGA2-induced activation of p53 and HO-1 transcription. Collectively, these results suggest that PGA2 induces the expression of HO-1 via activation of p53, which is mediated by the ROSDNA- PK pathway.

1960년대 패러디 소설의 반영론적 성격 연구 : 이호철과 박태순의 단편소설을 중심으로

이호규(Lee Ho-Gyoo) 중앙어문학회 2009 語文論集 Vol.42 No.-

This study focused on one of the characteristics of parody novels - reflection on realties. That is, it investigated the opinions of writers who reflected and criticized their contemporary realities or social aspects ideologically through parody novels. The purpose of this study was to reveal such characteristics of parody novels in the 1960s based on the short stories written by Lee Ho-cheol and Park Tae-sun and analyze their reality-reflective attitudes and inclination. Reading and analyzing appropriately the parody novels of Lee Ho-cheol and Park Tae-sun who have been regarded as prominent writers of the literature based on progressive and socially critical realism in the 1960s would broaden their literary domain and properly evaluate the diversity that their novels possessed. Furthermore, it would be able to firmly establish the grounds for the reality-reflective characteristics of parody novels in the 1960s. 「Tal-sayukja Hoeui (A Meeting of Post-breeders)」published in 1966 was a work with a noticeably sharp satirical spirit through a fable and clearly revealed the spirit of criticizing realities by Lee Ho-cheol who concentrated more than anyone else on social efficiency of literature. In「Jakka-jimang (a Desire to Become a Writer)」written Park Tae-sun, Lee Gwang-su appeared as a speaker and the work dealt with the relationship between Lee Gwang-su and Choi Seo-hae in the 1930s and showed the self-examination of what literary recognition and practice one should have as an intellectual and novelist. The first volume out of Park Tae-sun's「Samdu-macha(A Three-horse Carriage)」 series was the novel that parodied Heosaeng-jeon. He clearly showed that not an intellectual like Heosaeng but the mass of the people such as Oechon-dong people had strong vitality and its spontaneous and resultant will to reform realities. Moreover, he believed that the writer as an intellectual should depict the lives of people in general vividly and inform others of them and practice the literature, in which the writer should stay with people while being on their side and make efforts to create a society living together with them. The parody novels by Park Tae-sun once again conspicuously demonstrated that he clearly recognized writer's consciousness and his calling as an intellectual and novelist in the given period and society.

Nutlin-3 induces HO-1 expression by activating JNK in a transcription-independent manner of p53

CHOE, YUN-JEONG,LEE, SUN-YOUNG,KO, KYUNG WON,SHIN, SEOK JOON,KIM, HO-SHIK Spandidos Publications 2014 International journal of oncology Vol.44 No.3

A recent study reported that p53 can induce HO-1 by directly binding to the putative p53 responsive element in the HO-1 promoter. In this study, we report that nutlin-3, a small molecule antagonist of HDM2, induces the transcription of HO-1 in a transcription-independent manner of p53. Nutlin-3 induced HO-1 expression at the level of transcription in human cancer cells such as U2OS and RKO cells. This induction of HO-1 did not occur in SAOS cells in which p53 was mutated and was prevented by knocking down the p53 protein using p53 siRNA transfection, but not by PFT-alpha, an inhibitor of the transcriptional activity of p53. Accompanying HO-1 expression, nutlin-3 stimulated the accumulation of ROS and the phosphorylation of MAPKs such as JNK, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. Nutlin-3-induced HO-1 expression was suppressed by TEMPO, a ROS scavenger, and chemical inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPK but not ERK1/2. In addition, nutlin-3-induced phosphorylation of JNK but not p38 MAPK was inhibited by TEMPO. Notably, the levels of nutlin-3-induced ROS were correlated with the mitochondrial translocation of p53 and this induction was prevented by PFT-beta, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial translocation of p53. Consistent with the effect of the ROS scavenger and MAPK inhibitors, PFT-beta reduced HO-1 expression and the phosphorylation of JNK induced by nutlin-3. In the experiments of analyzing cell death, the knockdown of HO-1 augmented nutlin-3-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggest that nutlin-3 induces HO-1 expression via the activation of both JNK which is dependent on ROS generated by p53 translocated to the mitochondria and p38 MAPK which appears to be stimulated by a ROS-independent mechanism, and this HO-1 induction may inhibit nutlin-3-induced apoptosis, constituting a negative feedback loop of p53-induced apoptosis.

조선후기에 "카메라 옵스큐라"로 초상화를 그렸다 -정조 시절 정약용의 증언과 이명기의 초상화법을 중심으로

이태호 ( Tae Ho Lee ) 다산학술문화재단 2005 다산학 Vol.- No.6

Tasan put camera obscura which is a perspective of the pin-hole camera to the test and testimony in 1987, and there is a possibility of using in the portrait paintings drawn by Lee Myunggi. The fact that Lee drew portrait paintings using camera obscura would be just a hypothesis until the real documents come out. However the portrait paintings made by Lee having a expression of a three-dimentional effect on corrugation, taking a pose exposed hands, and handling oblique lines on the floor similar to perspective, have a new change by something external. At a guess the thing changed Lee`s art of drawing would be the influence of camera obscura coming from China. Especially at Yu Unho painting made in 1789 there is a phrase that YongCheJangHwal(容體長闊) ShiWonShinGamIlBan(視元身減一半) which it means the reduction ratio of a portrait. Making the recuction ratio of a portrait clear and the beauty of form show the certain fact of using camera obscura. Needless to say, by Tasan`s testimony we can be proud that camera obscura was used in the late Chosun. There are little cases on the evidence or document using camera obscura in the 16th to 19th centuries Western painting history. In this point, the thing which Tasan tested camera obscura and the portraits by it drew, is very valuable in the world scientific history and the painting history. In a way, Tasan and Lee`s test and testimony were very important, as the entering 19th century their achievements remained obscure. Choi Hangi, Lee Kyugyong, and others partly tested optical instruments, but realism of paintings rapidly declined. Lee`s portraits are simple and plain in comparison with Western portraits taking well lighting. But In Lee`s portraits are worth well seeing the using of camera obscura. In the view of exposing the truth of the object, the exploiting on the stereography suitable for our face and clothing is brilliant artistry. So Lee`s portraits can be a good classical example having realism and modernity in the late Chosun cultural history.

전통주 주박의 항혈전 활성 평가

김미선(Mi-Sun Kim),이예슬(Ye-Seul Lee),김종식(Jong Sik Kim),신우창(Woo-Chang Shin),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.8

전통주 주박을 이용한 고부가가치 식품소재 개발을 위해, 상업적 시설에서 생산된 3종 약주(J-B, J-S, J-Y) 및 2종 탁주(J-H, J-W) 주박의 ethanol 추출물 및 열수 추출물을 조제하고 이들의 혈액응고 저해활성, 혈소판 응집저해 활성 및 인간 적혈구 용혈활성을 평가하였다. 5종 주박의 pH는 3.90~4.29로 유사하였으나, brix는 5.0~27.0으로 다양하게 나타났으며, 수분 및 알코올 함량에서도 시료에 따라 1.8배의 차이를 나타내었다. 주박의 색차와 성분은 첨가된 부재료 및 사용누룩에 좌우되었으며, J-W 주박의 경우 수분함량이 80.3%, brix 13, 알코올 함량 1.8%를 함유하여 다른 주박에 비해 다양한 식품제조에 용이하게 이용 가능하리라 판단되었다. Ethanol 추출효율은 J-H, J-W, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 순, 열수 추출효율은 J-S, J-B, J-W, J-H, J-Y의 순으로 높았으며, 총폴리페놀 및 총플라보노이드함량은 ethanol 추출물 중에서는 J-H, 열수 추출물 중에서는 J-Y 주박에서 가장 높았다. 5종 주박의 10종 추출물은 모두 5 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 나타나지 않았으며, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 약주 주박의 ethanol 추출물에서 유의적인 혈액응고저해 활성이 나타났으며, J-W 탁주 주박의 열수 추출물에서 thrombin 저해 활성과 J-B, J-S 및 J-H 주박 열수 추출물에서 혈액 응고인자 저해활성을 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성평가의 경우 J-W 탁주 주박의 ethanol 및 열수 추출물에서만 아스피린에 필적하는 우수한 활성이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 약주 및 탁주 주박이 항혈전 활성을 가지고 있으며, 주박으로부터 항혈전제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다. In this study, ethanol and hot water extracts of lees from Korean traditional wine (J-B, J-S, J-Y, J-H, and J-W) were prepared, and their effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs) were investigated to develop functional food ingredients from lees. The pH and brix of the lees ranged from 3.90 to 4.29 and 5.0 to 27.0o, respectively, and there was a huge difference in the water and ethanol content among the lees. The nuruk and additives used affected the color and physicochemical properties of lees. The J-W takju made from only rice and traditional nuruk, which has 13o brix and 1.8% of alcohol, has potential as functional food ingredient. With regard to the extraction yields of lees, higher yields were obtained from J-H, which contains different medicinal plants, in ethanol, followed by J-W, J-B, J-S, and J-Y. Higher extraction yields of lees were obtained from J-S in hot water, followed by J-B, J-W, J-H, and J-Y, respectively. The ethanol extract of J-H and the hot water extract of J-Y had the highest contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoids among the lees extracts. The 10 lees extracts did not show hemolysis activity against hRBCs up to 5 mg/ml. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extracts of three yakju lees (J-B, J-S, and J-Y) and the hot water extract of J-W inhibited thrombin activity, whereas the hot water extract of J-B, J-S, and J-H inhibited blood coagulation factors. In an antiplatelet aggregation activity assay, only the J-W takju lees showed significant inhibition activity. Our results suggest that lees from traditional wine had high potential as a novel antithrombosis agent.

FK506이 T 림프구 사멸에서 활성산소 생성에 미치는 영향

이호균(Ho Kyun Lee),정상영(Sang Young Chung),최수진나(Soo Jin Na Choi) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.77 No.5

Purpose: Tacrolimus (FK506) has been widely used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplanted recipients to suppress organ rejection phenomenon. We investigated the role of oxidative stress and heme oxygense-1 by FK506 on human Jurkat T cells. Methods: The cells viability was examined by DAPI stain, enzyme activity of caspase family proteins, and western blotting for Baks, PUMA, iNOS, HO-1. Cells were cultured in the absence or presence of CoPPIX or ZnPPIX and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed using a flow cytometry. Results: Treatment with FK506 increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, and NO in Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis data revealed the hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) was induced by the addition of FK506 in Jurkat cells. Induction of CoPP, HO-1 inducer, resulted in decreased intracellular H₂O₂ and NO concentrations. Instead ZnPP, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor did it reversely. In addition, ZnPP regulates iNOS protein synthesis by inhibition of HO-1. Conclusion: Increase of HO-1 expression would induce to decrease the intracellular H₂O₂ and NO concentrations. Also, HO-1 would regulate iNOS protein synthesis. Consequently, we can expect the regulation of HO-1 expression with concomitants use of FK506 to suppress organ rejection phenomenon by enhancing apoptosis.