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Effect of Several Adsorbents on The Gastrointestinal Absorption of Paraquat
Machijima, Hiraku,Nakamura, Hiroyuki,Hatanaka, Tomomi,Sugibayashi, Kenji,Morimoto, Yasunori The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1994 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.17 No.5
The effect of several adsorbents on paraquat poisohing was investigated (1) by measuring the saturatd amount of the poison adhered on the adsorbents in vitro and (2) by assaying the blood level of paraquat in the rat in in situ intestinal absorption experiments. Activated charcoal powder, natural aluminum silifonate) were used as adorbents. The steady-state blood level of paraquat in its absorption experiment with the cationic exchange resins was markedly lower than those without the resins or with other adsorbents. A good relationship was achieved between the calculated AUC or adsorptioin rate (in situ) and the saturated adsorption amount (in vitro). The rank order of the effect was sodium polystyene sulfonate > calcium polystyene sulfonate>natural aluminum silicate>activated charcoal powder. The effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate after intestinal washing with physiological saline ws also measured, and a synergistic effect (marked decrease in blood paraquat level0 was found as compared with the intestinal washing alone. The simultaneous use of G.I. weshing and powerful adsorbent was scientifically proven to be most benefical.
Sasaki, Hiraku,Nonaka, Jun,Otawa, Kenichi,Kitazume, Osamu,Asano, Ryoki,Sasaki, Takako,Nakai, Yutaka Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.1
We investigated the structure of bacterial communities present in livestock manure-based composting processes and evaluated the bacterial succession during the composting processes. Compost samples were derived separately from swine manure, dairy manure and sewage sludge. The structure of the bacterial community was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) using universal eubacterial primers. The genus Bacillus and related genera were mainly detected following the thermophilic composting phase of swine and dairy manure composts, and the members of the phylum Bacteroidetes were mainly detected in the cattle manure waste-based and sewage sludge compost. We recovered and sequenced limited number of the bands; however, the PCR-DGGE analysis showed that predominant diversities during the composting processes were markedly changed. Although PCR-DGGE analysis revealed the presence of different phyla in the early stages of composting, the members of the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were observed to be one of the predominant phyla after the thermophilic phase.
A Study on Cluster Lifetime in Multi-HopWireless Sensor Networks with Cooperative MISO Scheme
Zheng Huang,Hiraku Okada,Kentaro Kobayashi,Masaaki Katayama 한국통신학회 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.4
As for cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs),cluster lifetime is one of the most important subjects in recent researches. Besides reducing the energy consumptions of the clusters,it is necessary to make the clusters achieve equal lifetimes so that the whole network can survive longer. In this paper, we focus on the cluster lifetimes in multi-hop WSNs with cooperative multiinput single-output scheme. With a simplified model of multi-hop WSNs, we change the transmission schemes, the sizes and transmission distances of clusters to investigate their effects on the cluster lifetimes. Furthermore, linear and uniform data aggregations are considered in our model. As a result, we analyze the cluster lifetimes in different situations and discuss the requirements on the sizes and transmission distances of clusters for equal lifetimes.
A Study on Cluster Lifetime in Multi-HopWireless Sensor Networks with Cooperative MISO Scheme
Huang, Zheng,Okada, Hiraku,Kobayashi, Kentaro,Katayama, Masaaki The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.4
As for cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cluster lifetime is one of the most important subjects in recent researches. Besides reducing the energy consumptions of the clusters, it is necessary to make the clusters achieve equal lifetimes so that the whole network can survive longer. In this paper, we focus on the cluster lifetimes in multi-hop WSNs with cooperative multi-input single-output scheme. With a simplified model of multi-hop WSNs, we change the transmission schemes, the sizes and transmission distances of clusters to investigate their effects on the cluster lifetimes. Furthermore, linear and uniform data aggregations are considered in our model. As a result, we analyze the cluster lifetimes in different situations and discuss the requirements on the sizes and transmission distances of clusters for equal lifetimes.
Nishihara, Kazuharu,Okada, Hiraku,Yamazato, Takaya,Katayama, Masaaki 통신위성우주산업연구회 2003 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2003 No.-
To increase the channel efficiency, most of the Low Earth-Orbital satellite (LEOs) systems use the multibeam antenna and reuse the available channels. But in such systems, a beam handover occurs very frequently and a dropping probability becomes very high compared with the one beam systems. In this paper, we propose the nondropping handover and channel allocation scheme in the above LEOs systems. In the proposed scheme, we allocate an extra idle channel for a new call. Because of the predictable change of channel reuse distances, each user can always use the same channel as before. Furthermore, we proposed some cost functions used by channel selection and channel reassignment. For comparison, we show the lower bound of blocking probability by maximal complete dependent set (MCDS). We confirm that the proposed channel selection scheme improves the system performance by computer simulation.
Kato, Yoshinori,Onishi, Hiraku,Machida, Yoshiharu The Polymer Society of Korea 2003 Macromolecular Research Vol.11 No.5
Reductive amination of N-succinyl-chitosan (1) and lactose using sodium cyanoborohydride in 1/15 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) for 6 d was suitable for the preparation of lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan (2). At 8, 24 and 48 h after i.v. administration of fluorescently labeled 1 (1') or 2 (2'), Peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph nodes, testes, prostate, preputial grand, intestine (small intestine plus cecum), femoral muscle, backbone and peritoneum were taken. Peyer's patch and mesenteric lymph nodes were put together as lymph nodes. Over 10% of dose/g tissue was distributed to the prostate and lymph nodes at 48 h post-administration in both l' and 2'.2' was easily distributed into not only the liver but also prostate, intestine, preputial gland and lymph nodes. Although galactose receptors are known to exist not only on the liver parenchymal cells but also on prostate and testes, the selective distribution of 2' into the prostate and the testes were not observed clearly. This study suggested that 1 and 2 should have possibilities for both the prevention and cure of lymph node metastasis as drug carriers.