Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

Pd(0)과 Ni(Ⅱ)촉매하의 Grignard시약에 의한 광학활성 고리카보네이트의 알릴화 연구

강석구,조동규,박찬희 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

NiCl_2(dppe)또는 Pd(PPh_3)_4를 촉매로 하여 Grgnard시약과 광학 활성 알릴고리 카보네이트를 반응시켜 높은 위치 선택성과 입체선택성이 있는 알킬화된 (E)-allylic alcohol을 얻었다. Reaction of chiral allylic cyclic carbonates with Grignard reagents in the presence of NiCl_2(dppe) or Pd(PPh_3)_4 as a catalyst afforded the alkylated (E)--allylic alcohols with high regio-and diastereoselectivity.

Pd(O)-촉매를 이용한 알릴 고리 카보네이트의 제거 및 분자간 축합반응 연구

강석구,박동철,박찬희,홍륭기 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

The alkyl substituted allylic cyclic carbonates 1a-d undergo elimination by using a catalytic amount of Pd(0) complex to form dienols 2 a-b. However, on treatment of the unsubstituted or phenyl substituted allylic cyclic carbonates 1e and 1f with Palladium(0) catalyst, deprotonation-elimination of π-allyl Palladium complex followed by condensation with the other π-allyl Palladium complex provided the coupled products 3a and 3b, respectively.

Aedes aegypti와 Culex pipiens pallens 모기의 난황 단백질 합성에 관한 연구

姜奭熙,卞相胤 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.2

Aedes aegypti와 Culex pipiens(모기 : Diptera, Culicidae)의 난황 단백질 합성을 in vitro fat body incubation 방법으로 조사하였다. A. aegypti와 C. pipiens의 난황 단백질 합성은 각각 흡혈 후 6시간부터 시작되어 21시간과 24시간에는 최대치를 나타내고 감소하여 각각 36시간과 45시간에 이르면 합성이 완료되는 것으로 관찰되었다. A. aegypti와 C. pipiens의 in vitro fat body incubation에 의한 ^3H-leucine labeled protein과 ^3H-leucine labeled vitellogenin을 7.5% SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis를 실시하여 분자량과 subunits를 분석한 결과 A. aegypti의 ^3H-vitellogenin은 7개의 subunits로 분리되었고 총 분자량은 545,000으로 추정되었다. 반면에 C. pipiens의 ^3H-vitellogenin은 분자량이 392,000인 단백질로서 8개의 subunits로 분리됨을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과는 두 종류의 서로 다른 모기에 있어서 난황 단백질 분자의 구조적 조성에 있어 상이함을 지적하고 있다. Vitellogenin synthesis in the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens, has been examined by incubating fat bodies in vitro. The rate of vitellogenin synthesis in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens began to rise by 6 hours post blood meal and reached at the maximum level by 21 and 24 hours, which then declined to minimal level by 36 and 45 hours, respectively. The molecular weight of H^3-vitellogenins as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to be 545,000 and 392,000 daltons for A. aegypti and C. pipiens vitellogenin, respectively. The subunit composition of vitellogenin from A. aegypti was not identical to that from C. pipiens.

Culex pipiens pallens의 난황단백질 합성에 관한 연구

강석희,박영민,조정래,문정희 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2

Anautogenous한 모기인 한국산 집모기 Culex pipiens pallens의 난황단백질 합성에 대한 hormone 들의 효과를 조사하였다. 피를 먹지않는 c. pipines 암모기의 head extract를 decapitation한 Aedes atropalpus에게 주사하였을 때 난성숙이 재유발되었으며, 난성숙의 재유발 정도는 우화 후 주사시기가 지연될수록 증가하여 우화 후 24시간에 주사하였을 때 최고에 도달하였다. 피먹은 C. pipiens를 흡혈 즉시 decapitation 또는 abdominal ligation하여도 난성숙이 저지되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 C. pipiens의 brain hormone은 헙혈 즉시 방축되기 시작하여 난성숙의 시작을 자극하는 것으로 여겨진다. 피를 먹지않은 C. pipiens 암모기에게 β-ecdysone을 주사하거나 또는 head extract 주사 후 JHI을 처리하였을 때 fat body가 합성하는 vitellogenin의 양이 증가하였다. The effect of brain hormone, Juvenile hormone and β-ecdysone on the synthesis of vitellogenin in the anautogenous mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens, has been examined. Head extract from non-blood fed C. pipiens females, when injected into the decapitated Aedes atropalpus females, stimulated egg maturation. The ovarian development in C. pipiens was not completely blocked by decapitation or abdominal ligation performed immediately following a blood feeding. These results suggested that the release of brain hormone in this mosquito may be triggered by a feeding activity. Injection of β-ecdysone or head extract followed by topical application of JH into non-blood fed C. pipiens females stimulated vitellogenin synthesis. These results supported the previous work in Aedes aegypti that brain hormone, JH and ecdysone, in that sequence, are required for the egg maturation.

Pd 촉매 하에서 알릴 디올의 아릴화 연구 : 방향족 히드록시 케톤 및 페닐 치환된 알릴디올의 합성 Highly Selective Synthesis of Phenyl-Substituted Allylic Diols

강석구,정경윤,박찬희,남궁은영,김태현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

The coupling reaction of iodobenzene with allylic diols in the presence of Pd(OAc)_2 and nBu_3P as catalysts using K_2CO_3 as base afforded the phenyl-substituted allylic diols. However, under the same reaction conditions with Et3N as base, phenyl-substituted α-hydroxy ketone was obtained.

Aedes 모기의 단백질 분해효소 활성에 미치는 Brain Factor의 영향

강석희,김민선,문정희 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2

본 연구에서는 Aedes aegypti(L.)와 Aedes atropalpus 모기의 난성숙과 중장내 단백질 분해효소 활성에 대한 Brain factor의 영향을 조사하였다. A. aegypti 암모기를 흡혈후 즉시 Decapitation 수술했을 때, midgut trypsin activity는 정상모기의 30%이하 수준으로 절감되었다. 피먹은 암모기를 decapitation 한후 Head extract를 주사하여주면, 난자성숙이 56∼100%의 모기에서 회복되었으며, 중장내 trypsin activity도 60%까지 회복되었다. A. atropalpus 암모기를 성체우화후 즉시 decapitation 하고, 그후 시간에 따라 A. aegypti 혹은 A. atropalpus로부터 추출한 Head extract를 주사한 결과 21시간 내지 24시간에 주사하였을 때 난성숙 및 midgut trypsin activity가 가장 크게 회복되었다. 이러한 결과는 난성숙과정에 있어서 midgut trypsin의 합성 혹은 활성이 Brain factor에 의해 지배, 조절됨을 암시해 준다. Effect of brain factor(s) on the midgut trypsin like enzyme activity in the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes atropalpus, has been examined. In both species of mosquitoes, decapitation, or ligation, between thorax and abdomen, within one hour after a blood feeding in Aedes aegypti, or after adult eclosion in Aedes atropalpus, inhibited the midgut trypsin activity by 70%. The enzyme activity level was not affected by decapitation or ligation when the surgeries were delayed more than 15 hours. Injection of head extracts into decapitated female mosquitoes simulated the midgut trypsin activity by more than 60%. The level of midgut proteolytic activity stimulated by the injection of head extracts gradually increased with the time of injection after the decapitation, showing the maximum response when injected at 24 hours post eclosion. The result seemed to suggest that brain factor may directly stimulate the midgut proteolytic enzyme synthesis.

생물막여과공정에 의한 고도정수처리시스템 구성에 관한 연구

강용태,양희천,김화석,김경동 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

This study is to evaluate the characteristics of submerged biofilter process as pretreatment of raw water and alternative advanced water treatment system(AAWTS) composed with bioflitration, post-ozonation and GAC for Nakdong River by comparison of existing advanced water treatment system(EAWS), composed with pre-ozonation, flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration, post-ozonation and GAC. In the biofiltration process, the removal of turbidity, color, KMnO₄consumption, NH₃-N and UV254 reached 98%, 95%, 70%, 72%, 79% respectively. The stable removal efficiency was obtained by the direct biofiltration after coagulant injection thought the influent was a muddy and highly polluted. The removal efficiency of the alternative advanced water treatment(AAWTS) using biofiltration process for turbidity, color, KMnO₄consumption, NH₃-N and UV254 was reached 98.5%, 98%, 82%, 90%, 92% respectively. It is equivalent to the removal efficiency of existing advanced water treatment system(EAWTS) though the demanded area and coagulant of the alternative advanced water treatment system using biofiltration process was decreased about 60% and 70% respectively.

유기구리시약을 이용한 광학활성 고리 카보네이트의 알릴화 연구

강석구,박찬희,정재욱 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.1

CuCN과 알킬리튬 시약을 이용하여 higher-order cuprate인 R_2Cu(CN)Li_2 또는 lower-order cuprate R_2Cu(CN)Li_2을 만들거나 Grignard시약과 구리촉매에 의해 R_2Cu(CN)MgX등을 형성시켜 이를 광학 활성 고리 카보네이트에 S_N2' 반응을 유도하여 높은 위치 선택성과 입체 선택성이 있는 광학 활성이 있는(E)-allylic alcohol 및 dienylic alcohol을 합성하였다. The S_N2'-type allylation reactions of chiral allylic cyclic carbonates with R_2Cu(CN)Li_2, R_2(CN)Li, or R_2Cu(CN)MgX afforded the alkylate(E)-allylic alcohol and dienylic alcohol with excellent high regio-and diasterecselectivity.

초등학교 과학 수업에서 개념도 활용의 효과

강석진,이유영,고한중,전경문,노태희 한국초등과학교육학회 2004 초등과학교육 Vol.23 No.1

In this study, we investigated the effects of using concept mapping as an instructional tool on 4th graders' achievement, science learning motivation, and attitude toward science classes. T재 classes (38 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. Students were taught about "expansion of matter by heat" and "heat transfer". These topics were chosen because they require students to understand more concepts as well as relationships among them. A science learning motivation test and an attitude toward science classes test were administered as pretests. A researcher-made achievement test, the science learning motivation test, and the attitude toward science classes test were administered as posttests. The results indicated that using concept mapping in 4th-grade science classes was not significantly effective in improving students' achievement though a statistically significant positive effect was found in the subcategory of knowledge. No statistically significant effect of using concept mapping was found in the scores of the science learning motivation test and the attitude toward science classes test. Educational implications are discussed.