The Input Hypothesis" and the Second Language Teacher

Yum, Hea Young 대한언어학회 1995 언어학 Vol.3 No.-

Yum, Hea-Young(1955). The "Input Hypothesis" and the Second Language Teacher. Linguistics vol. 3. Although there are many other factors which affect the language learner's proficiency such as personality, age and first language, the learner's input has been emphasized by many researchers (Krashen 1976, 1977; Dulay et al 1981). Especially, Krashen's "input hypothesis" emphasizes the comprehensible input to language learners. His thesis is that language learners must give an i+1 level of teaching to language learners. Thus, the second language teacher should know the current level of proficiency and develop an one-level higher teaching program. In my paper, I will consider some factors which need to be considered to make a comprehensible input for language learners. Particularly, I will consider linguistic input for language learners. Phonological, Morphological, syntactic, Semantic, and Pragmatic considerations to make a good teaching plan will be discussed in this paper. As a conclusion, I will argue that the second language teacher needs to have Contrastive Analysis for inter-language influence, and Error Analysis for intra-linguistic influence to the students.

어린이집 영유아의 성장ㆍ발달에 관한 종단적 연구(Ⅱ)

고영인,임재택,조희숙,황해익,정계숙 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1998 영유아보육연구 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal growth and development of young children and follow-up effects of the educare program in the PNU Day Care Center. Particularly, the first objective of this second report of study was the comparison the entire domains of development with age between the Oct. of 1995 and the Dec. of 1998. The second objective was to analyze the developmental .changes of 5 children who entered the center in 4 years old since Oct. 1995. The subjects of this study were 448 children(241 boys, 207 girls). The instruments of this study were the KISC and KEDl-WISC(for intelligence test), the Learning Readiness Test, the Social and Emotional Scale, Height Scale and Weight Scale( for physical growth). The tests were carried out 2 times per year (the early of the year and the late of the year). Results from comparsion across the 1st through 7th tests during 3 years indicated that the mean of the height was increased about 1-8cm for all of 2-5 years old children. The mean of the weight also was increased about 1.5-4.0kg except 2 years old children. The intelligence score (T score) by KISC was increased around 6-42 points except 6 years old boys and girls. In the intelligence score by KEDl, there was improvements of average 8 points for 7 years old children. In the learning Readiness Test of 5, 6 years old children, the scores all of children except 6 years old girls got were decreased. The scores of 6 years old girls were incresed 6 points in the Dec. of 1998. In the Social and Emotional Scale, there was big improvement of scores between in the 1st test and in the 7th test. These results were discussed in the view of sample size, developmental characteristics, test instruments and educare program of the PNU day care center.

유아의 친사회적 행동에 영향을 주는 변인 연구

조희숙,최영미 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2004 영유아보육연구 Vol.10 No.-

The goal of this study was to investigate the relevant variables of the prosocial behavior of young children. The inter-relations between children's age, gender, the degree of secure attachment, the form of breast feeding, and prosocial behavior, were explored. Also examined was the relative power of influence of children's age, gender, the degree of secure attachment and the form of breast feeding on prosocial behavior. In order to accomplish this study's purpose, 153 participants were selected among those children who were enrolled in ldndergartens and day-care centers located in Busan, and they wem all three to five years old. The Eindings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, age was relevant to the degree of secure attachment, to prosocial behavior generally and to three sub-categories of prosocial behavior(assisting, cooperating, and maldng others frei comfortable) specifically. Gender was significantly related to assisting, and the form of breast feeding was significantly related to prosocial behavior generally and to cooperating specifically. Prosocial behavior generally, was highly relevant to each sub-category of prosocial behavior. However, there was no significant relation between the degree of secure attachment and the other relevant variables. Second, refen-ing to the relative power of influence of children's age, gender, the degree of secure attachment and the form of breast feeding, on prosocial behavior, age and gender, in order, had the most influence. As to the influence on the sub-categories of prosocial behavior, assisting had a power of influence on gender and age, in order, only gender had an influence on sharing, and age and the form of breast feeding, in order, had the most influence on cooperating. Only age had an influence on malcing others feel comfortable.

Learning Style Preferences

Yum, Hea Young 대한언어학회 1997 언어학 Vol.5 No.1

Yum, Hea-Young. 1997. Learning Style Preferences. Linguistics, 5-1, 75-84. Some theories can solve the problems of students' failure at school. But the most important teacher's role for those students is to know their learning style. Learning style is the cognitive and interactional patterns which affect the ways in which students perceive, remember and think. Therefore when teachers know their students' learning style preferences, those students learn more with less effort and remember better. In my paper, I tried to figure out Korean students' learning style in the United States and compare those results with those of native Americans. And also I tried to figure out whether the length of staying in the United States has affected their learning style preferences. (Wonkwang University)

Biomass 유래 퓨란계 단량체를 이용한 폴리에스터의 중합 및 특성 연구

정용석(Yong Seong Chung),이영철(Young Chul Lee),서강진(Kang Jin Seo),김명준(Myeong Jun Kim),정지혜(Ji Hea Jeong),노시태(Si Tae Noh) 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.6

바이오매스에서 유래된 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran(DHMF)을 KMnO4 산화반응으로 furan-2,5- dicarboxylic acid(FDCA)를 합성하였다. 합성한 FDCA와 다이올류를 에스테르화 반응과 축중합 반응을 진행시 켜 폴리에스터를 중합하였다. 폴리에스터는 NMR을 통해 조성을 분석하였고 DSC와 TGA를 통해 열적특성을 분 석하였다. 합성된 폴리에스터의 고유점도는 0.78∼1.2 dL/g으로 상용화된 poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) 와 비슷하였다. 다이올의 길이가 증가할수록 Young`s modulus와 strength는 낮아지고 elongation-to-break는 높아지는 경향을 확인하였다. 합성한 poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate)(PEF)의 Young`s modulus는 3551 MPa, strength는 103 MPa로 상용화된 PET와 비슷하였다. Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was synthesized by KMnO4 oxidation of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran( DHMF) derived from biomass. Polyesters were synthesized by esterification and polycondensation of FDCA with various diols(ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane- 1,6-diol, decane-1,10-diol). The composition of polyesters was characterized by using 1H NMR. Thermal properties of the polyesters were characterized by DSC and TGA. Intrinsic viscosities(IV) of the polyesters were measured to be 0.78∼1.2 dL/g comparable with IV of commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET). As the chain lengths of diols increased, Young`s modulus and strength decreased and elongation-to-break generally increased. Young`s modulus and strength of the polyesters were measured to be 3551 MPa and 103 MPa, respectively, comparable with commercial PET.

여성 관상동맥질환자의 동기요인이 건강행위에 미치는 영향 요인

이혜영,정경옥,김금자 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

Background: Misconceptions exist that coronary artery disease(CAD) is a male dominant disease, although the leading cause of death due to heart disease in women increased 7.1% from 2001 to 2004 in Korea. Lack of motivational factors to health behavior change places women at risk for subsequent CAD events. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate motivational factors to health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease. Methods: Structured questionnaires survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 81 adult women in a cammunity setting. The subjects were recruited for an interview at outpatient clinic in hospitals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regressions. Results; There were significant correlations between motivational factors and health behaviors(r=.664). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that 57% of variance in health behaviors was explained by self-efficacy and perceived benefits among four motivation variables(F=54.438 p<.01). However, there were no significant predicting factors of perceived barriers and emotional salience among motivational factors to health behaviors. Self-efficacy contributed the greatest amount of variance in health behaviors(β=.585), followed by perceived benefits(β=.226). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that self-efficacy was very important in predicting health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease. Thus it would be necessary to include motivational factors in designing rehabilitation program to practice and adherence health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease.

지역별 보건소 이용의 만족도에 관한 연구 : 경북지역을 중심으로

이혜영,정경옥,김금자 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction and utilization and awareness of health center and satisfaction's affecting factors. Methods: The subjects consisted of 292 adult at three health centers on middle size cities in Gyeong San Buk-Do. Data was collected from August 2006 to June 2007 using structured questionnaires. One-way ANOVA were used to test satisfaction of health centers, utilization and awareness of health center and Kruskal-Wallis and Scheffe's test were used to test recommendation of health center and Post Hoc multiple comparison by using SPSS 14.0 for windows. Results: The satisfaction of health centers for community dwellers was related to age, educational level and family income and the difference of satisfaction of health centers were in comfortable surroundings, satisfaction of facilities, generosity of staff members and full explanation. The utilization and awareness of health center were differ from community areas. Conclusions: Further studies need to be done to investigate additional effects of satisfaction of health centers for community dwellers and to investigate nursing approaches for community dwellers to improve their satisfaction of health centers.

스프렌딜 지속정(펠로디핀 5㎎)에 대한 스타핀 지속정의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,강현아,이석,백승희,박은자,최후균,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.4

Felodipine is a calcium antagonist that lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance by means of a direct, selective action on smooth muscle in arterial resistance vessels. Furthermore, it have been approved for the effective in angina pectoris and cardiac failure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two felodipine extended release (ER) tablets, Splendil (YuHan Corporation) and Stapin (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). THe felodipine release from the two felodipine formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method at pH 6.5 buffer solution. Twenty six healthy male subjects, 22.73±1.78 years in age and 66.66±7.28 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 5 ㎎ as felodipine were orally administered, blood sample was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of felodipine in serum were determined using column-switching HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at pH 6.5 buffer solution. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUG_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t) and C_(max) and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Splendil were 2.53%, 1.32% and 18.32% for AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(mzx), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.86)∼log(1.20) and long(0.89)∼long(1.23) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating Stapin ER tablet and Splendil ER tablet are bioequivalent.

최명익 소설의 양식적 특성과 그 의미

차혜영 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1994 韓國學論集 Vol.25 No.-

굴루코파지 정(염산메트폴민 500mg)에 대한 그리코민 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

Metformin is an oral antihyprrglycemic agent used in the therapy of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and does not cause hypoglycemia at the therapeutic dose. Its mechanism of action may involve and increased binding of insulin to its receptors and glucose uptake at the post-receptor level. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two metformin tablet, Glucophage (Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Glycomin(Ilsung Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The metformin release from the two metformin tablets in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four normal male volunteers, 23.78±1.96 years in age and 68.77±10.41㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups with a randomized 2×2 cross-over study. After one tablet containing 500㎎ as metformin was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of metformin in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. Besides, the dissolution profiles of two metformin tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated. The ANPVA test was performed for the statistical analysis of the logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max, untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AIC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Glucophage were 0.09%, 6.09% and -8.22%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two tablets in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) ti log(1.25) (e.g.,log(0.94)∼log(1.09) and log(1.01)∼log(1.15) for AUC_t and C_max, respectively), indicating that Glycomin tablet is bioequivalent to Glucophage tablet.