환경분석기반 한옥 시공 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구

김미경(Mi Kyoung Kim),전한종(Han Jong Jun) (사)한국CDE학회 2011 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.1

Han-ok has a long history and cultural traditions. It has green and healthy and culture but high construction costs, thermal insulation performance of residential and vulnerable to fires and have a weakness for maintenance. However, modernized resident housing, Han-ok is required to improve in terms of environmental aspect due to its weakness for insulating and inconvenience for modern era. Also Han-Ok"s building is criticized as a huge dependence on subjective building experiences. This is pointed to be the biggest problem, Han-ok has. Traditionally it does not have a scientific and specific manual for construction. In this research, process simulation was adopted to develop Han-Ok"s environmental improvements. In terms of LCC(Life Cycle Cost) aspect, however, Han-Ok"s environmental characteristics are examined to suggest an appropriate Han-Ok construction method. Also the result of this research would be utilized to base the information database for efficient constructing and its management in new Han-Ok constructing industry.

1995년 地方選擧와 1996년 總選擧의 比較硏究 : 政黨別 投票成向을 中心으로 Citizens' Voting Propensity To Each Political Party

韓貞一 建國大學校 社會科學硏究所 1997 社會科學論叢 Vol.2 No.-

There may be some difficulties in comparing 1995 Local Election and 1996 National Election in that the former was for electing govermors in localities (i.e., govermors in large-units, small-units, and provinces) while the latter was for electing national congressmen. Nevertheless of such limit performing a comparative analysis on issues surrounding citizens' voting behavior as found in the two elections would provide meaningful lessons for us to understand dynamic and, somehow, turbulent political processes in Korea. The main objective of this study is to illuminate the reasons why the two elections produced contradictory results in such a ahort interim period (i.e., 10 months) of the two elections. In the 1996 Fifteenth National Assembly Election, Sin-Han-Kuk Dang gained 139 seats, which shows a great reduction from 170 secured in the Fourteenth National Assembly. Whereas Kuk-Min-Howi won 79 seats in the Fifteenth National Assembly increased from 54 they gained in the Fourteenth National Assembly. Min-Joo-Dang, who cried for clearing off of 3 Kims (Kim, Young-Sam, Kim, Dae-Jung, Kim, Jong-Pil) from the stage of Korean Politics, became about being collapsed as a result of that election. Whereas Cha-Min-Ryon led by Mr. Kim, Jong-Pil ensured significant number of seats, enjoin great strides. To our surprising among others the ruling party (Sin-Han-Kuk Dang) won over opposition parties in Seoul area - the capital city of Korea - in the Fifteenth National Election, which was rarely expected. It presents a sharp contrast to the 1995 Local Election when the opposition party won an overwhelming victory over the ruling party. Reviewing specific results of the 1995 Local Election, 33.8% of the total voters supported the ruling party, Min-Ja Dang - old name of Sin-Han-Kuk Dang. Min-Joo Dang whech used to be the biggest opposition party, polled 30.5% of total votes, whereas Ja-Min-Ryon led by Mr. Kim, Jong-Pil, obtained 10.9%. Inthe 1996 National Assembly Election, the ruling party (Sin-Han-Kuk Dang) was supported by 34.5% of total voters. Sae-Jeong-Chi Kuk-Min-Howi, the biggest opposition party, obtained 25.3% of voters while Tong-Hab-Min Joo Dang and Ja-Min-Ryon gained 11.2% abd 16.2% respectively. The total number of parliamentary seats the ruling party obtained was 139 out of 299 total seats, lacking a majority in the Assembly. In electing provincial governors in the Fourteenth Election, the ruling party (Min-Ja Dang) gained 20.7% of votes, while Min-Joo Dang obtained 42.4%. In electing governors of city, district, or county Min-Ja Dang polled 35.1%, while Min-Joo Dang was supported by 47.9% of voters. In electing city or provincial assembly members Min-Ja Dang gained 36.7% of support whereas Min-Joo Dang polled 48.6% of voters. It was called a sweeping victory of the opposition party (Min-Joo Dang) in the 14th election. Citizens' voting propensity appeared in the two elections is particularly worth to be concerned: because the result of the Fifteenth Election demonstrated opposite phenomenon to that of the fourteenth Election. In the Fifteenth Election, the ruling party (Sin-Han-Kuk Dang) was supported by 36.5% of total voters, the first opposition party (Sae-Chung-Chi Kuk-Min-Hoei) was voted for by 35.2% of the total voters, and the Tong-Hab Min-Joo Dang gained only 13.5% of support. In particular, among total 47 parliamentary seats available for Seoul area, Sin-Han-Kuk Dang won 27 seats, the first opposition party(Sae-Jeong-Chi Kuk-Min Hoi) gained 18 seats, and Tong-Hab Min-Joo Dang gained only 1 seat. This means a crushing defeat of opposition parties, especially, the Sae-Jeong-Chi Kuk-Min Hoi led by Mr. Kim, Dae-Jung. This result encouraged the ruling party (Sin-Han-Kuk Dang) to be feel easy to restore a majority position in the National Assembly. As was witnessed in other elections citizens' voting propensity in the Fifteenth election also was greatly associated with party identification tied in locality. Yet, the result of the Fifteenth Election reflects that there should be something different factors associated with voters' decisions in Seoul. The reasons for such miserable defeat of the opposition parties in that election are as follows: First, the split of the Min-Joo Dang lowered the chance of being elected in each district in Seoul. The split was caused by two conflicting political forces - members in one group following Mr. Lee, Ki-Tack who tried to maintain the party (Min-Joo Dang) and the other led by Mr. Kim, Dae-Jung who broke the party to form a new political party named Sae Jeong Chi Kuk-Min Heoi. The split of the Min-Joo Dang divided voters who otherwise would had voted for the old Min-Joo Dang. The party split conduced to only 19 out of 47 winners in Seoul, even though about 48.7% of total electorates in Seoul voted for either Mr. Lee's new Min-Joo Dang or the Kim's Sae Jeong Chi Kuk-Min Heoi. This means that were it not demolished the old Min-Joo Dang would won 43 seats out of total 47 seats in Seoul area. Second, the infiltration event of North Korean armed agents into the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) happened in the election season was deliberately exaggerated by the present government and news media in the hand of ruling parties. It led a great number of voters, who have strong aspiration for peace and safety in Korean peninsular, to vote for ruling party (Sin-Han-Kuk Dang) with little exceptions. Third, there was a lower level of voters' turnout(63.9%). In particular, the turnout rate of younger voters was very low (44.1%). The low level of younger generation's political participation is associated with high level of mistrust and apathy on ‘new conservatism’tendency of existing political parties including Sae-Chung-Chi Kuk-Min Heoi. It also has been accelerated by a recently salient backlash movement against political ideology. The lower level of turnout is absolutely unfavorable to opposite parties because, in tradition, younger voters are shown to be more likely to bo progressive and vote for opposite parties rather than conservative parties (i.e., ruling parties). Voting behavior appeared in the both elections, as stated above, should matter much to he forthcoming 1997 presidential election. The ruling party led by Mr. Kim, Young-Sam, which has been self-praised as the ‘first civilian government’in Korean history, secured majority in the legislature through demolishing opposition party and ‘majority-opposition versus minority-ruling party’political power system backed by the people in the 1995 election. In the end the ruling party rushed “labor law”and “security law”bills through the legislature by surprise on 6 o'clock, A.M. in 1996, 12/26. Inaddition, we have good reason to question about the will of the President in office and his Cabinet in dealing with the bankrupt of Han-Bo company that has been benefitted by illegal preferential financing. Han-Bo company committed the absurdity and irrationality to pull the astronomical amout of money (5 trillion 7 thousand billion won) mostly during the era of Y.S. (Kim, Young-Sam)'s presidency.It is a typical example of the corruption of government-business collusion. People believe that the present government and the President in office are not capable of resolving such a wicked anti-democratic government-business connection because of his own political weakness. It is clear that the President in office - Mr. Kim, Young-Sam - cannot keep himself to stand in politically neutral position in executing future national policies and in the forthcoming 1997 presidential election. In words, the present government failed in differentiating itself from ones of ‘notorious’military despotism that have governed Korea in outrageous ways during the past three decades in administering the affairs of state. Again, this phenomenon is attributed to the irresponsibility and the incapability of the President in office and his fellowmen. Finally, it should be noted that the manipulation of press by the party in power is another serious facet of the corruption. All successive governors have tried to use the press for their own interest with no exceptions. They have forced the press to be committed to the corruption for their own interest. This may be termed as “government-press collusion.”Many evidences supporting this argument have been disclosed in a variety of ways in most sectors in our society. Most Koreans worry about that the press will be a help to the President in office and ruling parties in the next election too.

논문 : 한옥 생산성 향상을 위한 설계지원 방안에 관한 연구 실무 -부재가공 프로세스 분석을 중심으로-

이현우 ( Hyun Woo Lee ),정성원 ( Sung Won Jung ),전한종 ( Han Jong Jun ) 디자인융복합학회 2012 디자인융복합연구 Vol.11 No.5

기존 한옥의 계승을 위한 관련 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 한옥 보급에는 실용성을 띄지 못하고 있다. 이는 한옥 시공기술의 복잡성과 자재 생산기술 부족으로 인한 제한적 범위 내에서 공사가 진행됨에 따라 높은 공사비를 원인으로 꼽을 수 있다. 이에 따라 현재 전통 한옥이 가진 정체성을 살리고 현시대에 보급될 수 있는 신 한옥으로의 진화를 위해 부재간의 연관을 분석하고 조립하는 방식을 지식으로 구성하고 디지털 모델링을 함으로써 공사비 절감이 가능케 하는 방법 등이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한옥 설계자를 고려한 효율적인 부재 가공 정보 지원을 목표로 한옥 부재 실무 가공 분석을 통해 경제성, 시공성을 파악하고 최적화 방안을 위한 한옥 부재 제작 CNC 시뮬레이션을 통해 효율적인 가공 프로세스의 발전 가능성을 예측하여 최적화된 부재가공 정보를 제안하고 이를 기반으로 한옥 수요자들을 위한 설계지원 방법에 대한 구체적인 방안을 제시함으로써 한옥의 생상성 향상에 기여하고자 한다. There have been a lot of studies about the Han-ok, the Korean-style house, in perspective of the inheritage of existing ones, but there are no practicality in the supply of Han-ok. The cause is considered to exist in the complexity of Han-ok and the techniques required to manufacture its components and in the relatively higher construction expenses in the process which is within restricted range. On the contrary, in order to preserve the identity of traditional Han-ok and encourage the evolution to create a new Han-ok that can be supplied to the present period, there has been studies that analyzes the connection between sub-components and assemble them into a digital model which can possibly decrease the expenses spent on construction. The research`s objective is to provide valuable information for Han-ok designers, which contains methods on manufacturing sub-components effectively. Furthermore, by analyzing the current manufacturing method`s workability and economic feasibility, the research can obtain an optimum alternative for improving Han-ok`s production. Also by using CNC simulation, the possibility of an effective production can be predicted, as well as the information that can lead to the optimum method for an efficient sub-component manufacturing and suggest a specific resolution which can also affect on the improvement of Han-ok productivity.

논문 : 개방형 BIM 적용 한옥 부재의 특징형상기반 형상모델링 자동구축시스템 개발에 대한 연구

권수환 ( Soo Hwan Kwun ),박승화 ( Seung Hwa Park ),전한종 ( Han Jong Jun ) 디자인융복합학회 2013 디자인융복합연구 Vol.12 No.2

한국 고유의 전통적 목조 건축양식에 의해 지어진 한옥은 가옥형태의 다양화 및 친환경 주택에 대한 선호도 증가에 따라 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 맞추어 한옥 대중화의 일환으로 다양한 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 이러한 연구들 중 하나의 성과로 한옥의 3차원 정보교환을 위한 개방형 BIM연구에서 IFC-XML을 이용한 한옥부재 라이브러리와 개방형 BIM 기반 브라우징 모듈이 개발되었다. 중립 포맷인 IFC에는 형상정보와 XML링크정보를 담고, XML에는 파라메트릭 정보를 담아 이종 BIM 도구들간의 정보교환이 가능하게 되어 한옥설계를 지원할 수 있는 환경을 제공하였다. 하지만 XML을 통해 한옥부재를 제작하려면 이에 관한 전문 지식을 가진 전문가가 코딩을 해야 하며, 하드 코딩방식으로 코딩되기 때문에 한옥 개별부재 하나를 코딩하는데도 수많은 시간이 소요된다. 이를 개선하기 위해 본 연구는 코딩에 대해 지식이 없는 비전문가를 대상으로 하는 IFC-XML 자동구축시스템 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 통해 비전문가도 자동구축시스템을 이용하여 각종 한옥 부재를 XML로 구축할 수 있다. 따라서 전문가의 도움 없이 개방형 BIM기반 3차원 한옥 부재 라이브러리의 지속적인 구축을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. Han-ok, which is built according to the traditional Korean wooden architecture, is receiving increasing attention because of increasing preference for diverse house types and environmentally-friendly houses. Accordingly, various studies are in progress as part of popularizing Han-oks. As one of the accomplishments of these studies, in open BIM study for 3D information exchange of Han-ok, a Han-ok member library using IFC-XML and an open BIM-based browsing module have been developed. It provides environment that enables data exchange between different BIM tools by containing geometry data and XML link data in IFC, which is a neural format, and parametric data in XML, to supports Han-ok design. However, to produce Han-ok members with XML, a specialist with expertise must perform coding, and it takes a long time for coding one member of Han-ok because of the hard coding method. To improve this issue, this study aims to develop an IFC-XML Automatic Description System for non-experts who do not have knowledge in coding. This study will enable non-experts to create various Han-ok members by in XML by using the Automatic Description System. Therefore, we can expect to continue building 3D Han-ok member library based on open BIM.

환경분석기반 한옥 시공 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구

김미경(Mi Kyoung Kim),전한종(Han Jong Jun) (사)한국CDE학회 2011 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.4

Han-ok has a long history and cultural traditions. It has green and healthy and culture but high construction costs, thermal insulation performance of residential and vulnerable to fires and have a weakness for maintenance. However, modernized resident housing, Han-ok is required to improve in terms of environmental aspect due to its weakness for insulating and inconvenience for modern era. Also Han-Ok"s building is criticized as a huge dependence on subjective building experiences. This is pointed to be the biggest problem, Han-ok has. Traditionally it does not have a scientific and specific manual for construction. In this research, process simulation was adopted to develop Han-Ok"s environmental improvements. In terms of LCC (Life Cycle Cost) aspect, however, Han-Ok"s environmental characteristics are examined to suggest an appropriate Han-Ok construction method. Also the result of this research would be utilized to base the information database for efficient constructing and its management in new Han-Ok constructing industry.

파라메트릭 디자인 기반 한옥 부재의 지식 표현과 활용에 관한 연구

권수환(Kwon, Soo-Hwan),전한종(Jun, Han-Jong) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.7

The purpose of this study is to support han-ok design for supply and popularization of han-ok using parametric design, To achieve this, represent design knowledge of han-ok components based on parametric rules on the basis of modeling principles and geometric association of han-ok to use various computer environment. This is realized to extract design DNA of shape and non-shape through meta modeling that be able systemically to describe information. In addition, construct the 3D Parametric model of han-ok component using this knowledge.

신한옥 부재 제작을 위한 CNC 프로세스 적용 가능성에 관한 연구

이현우(Lee Hyun-Woo),김미경(Kim Mi-Kyoung),이제진(Lee Je-Jin),전한종(Jun Han-Jong) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.31 No.2(계획계)

There have been a lot of studies about Han-Ok, the Korean-style house, in the perspective of existing Han-Ok’s inheritance, but there are no practicality in supply of Han-Ok. The cause is considered the complexity of Han-Ok construction techniques and higher construction expenses comparatively by processing in the restricted range by the shortage of the manufacturing technology of materials. On the contrary, for evolution to the new Han-Ok that can be supplied to the present period, there are studies that is analyzed the connection between sub materials and for possible modeling by formulating of assembling way. Thus, this study try to suggest the CNC process for new Han-Ok construction to secure construction relate to construction technique, which is determined by few expert technicians that is pointed out as problems of Han-Ok.

정지궤도 위성과 지구국간 광통신 링크의 전송속도 해석

한종석,정진호,김영권,Han, Jong-Seok,Jung, Jin-Ho,Kim, Yung-Kwon 한국전기전자학회 1997 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.1 No.1

정지궤도 위성과 지구국간 광통신을 대기상태와 앙각의 함수로써 해석할 수 있는 한모델(Han's model)을 제시하였다. 한모델에서는 대기상태를 맑은날, 구름낀 날, 안개, 헤이즈, 비, 눈의 여섯가지 전형적인 상태로 구분한다. 비트오류을 $10^{-7}$을 만족하는 데이터 전송속도를 한모델을 이용하여 상향링크와 하향링크에 대해 해석하였다. 상향링크시의 포인팅손실이 하향링크시의 대기에 의한 공간 가간섭 저하보다 크기 때문에 데이터 전송속도는 하향링크 보다 오히려 상향링크시에 제한됨을 알 수 있었다. Han's model, which is able to analyze optical communication between earth station and geo-satellite as a function of atmospheric conditions and elevation angles. is presented. In Han's model, atmospheric conditions are roughly classified into six basic types; clear sky, cloud, haze, fog, rain and snow. Data rate satisfying for the BER below $10^{-7}$ is analyzed by Han's model in case of up-link and down-link, respectively. Data rate is more limited by up-link than by down-link because the pointing loss caused by atmosphere on the up-link is greater than the spatial coherence degradation caused by atmosphere on the down-link.

Effects of Cultivation Management Practices on Soil Chemical Properties and Microorganism Activities in Citrus Orchard Soil

Han?Choel Lim,Seung?Jong Jeon,Jae?Ho Joa 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

韓國·日本·中國(臺灣) 佛敎의 現況分析에 依한 韓國佛敎 社會化 方向摸索 : from the analysis of the present situation of korean, Chinese and Japanese Buddhist

韓鍾萬 圓光大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

First of all, let me summarize the problem and phenomenon of Buddhism in Korea, Japan, China, one by one. The significance of the existence of a religion lies in how much it is beneficial for the masses. During the 16 centuries since Buddhism has been introduced into Korea, it has served as the prop of thoughts and soul. But nowadays, it is pushed back by another religions in waves of modernization. I think that the most important reason lies in the religions associations inner factors rather than outer factors. Because the factors by which Korean Buddhism is not modernized are the fact that it is in the mountains, does not cope with the expedient change of the times, and does not become a religion of life. The pernicions evil of Buddhism in the mountains in that it cannot approach the masses, must wait for Buddhists to visit temples, and so cannot have positiveness in evangelization and Buddhists cannot be quickly familiar with monks on account of many differences between monk's lives and their appearances. Next, we can enumerate its out-of-date system and expedient. There has made Buddhism be pushed by the power of christianity, that is, Buddhism has its demerits of being harden toward non-social direction. So they have to innovate in this respects. Add to the improvement of the system, understanding the spiritual direction of the people with the modernization of education and the monk's qualities, they are to evangelize Buddhism of Japan has very succeeded in popularizating. It is a parishioner system, and it makes monks not only be in close harmony with the people but have the positiveness to evangelization and social work. But now, It does not emerge from heritage, and result in being vulgar, in changing into a means. Therefore, the traditions of those ceremonical Buddhism or fumeral ceremonies brought forth even the vulgar customs of the worship of ancestors. This is a primary factor to make us misunderstand the intrinsic nature of Buddhism. Buddhism is a super-vulgar, futuristic religion. Even though the truth can not seperate from this secular warld, it means not the approval of secularism but excelling And there appears very large estrangement between Buddhism of the intellectuals and the one of the commonality. This was caused by the long tradition of exceeding secularism, that is, a parishioner system. Japanese Buddhism has its deep-rooted tradition, dissimilarly to korean, to the extent that any foreign religion can not penetrate into Japanese. But it is in a phase to rectify the vulgar and degenerated factors. It is very difficult for us to find out the purity of Buddhism in chinese Buddhism because of the factor of the deep mixture, Taoism and Buddhism. This functions as a fragile factor in the subject thought development of Buddhism. Chinese Budd, dissimilarly to Korean, has its templs every villiages as a public religion and has close something to do with the masses, but does not accomplish its object of Buddhism's thoughts. That appears especially in the aspect of educational institutions and so, it is every lukewarm in taking part in society. The service for the public is connected directly with the problem of existence of Buddhism, and coincide with monk's missions. It coincides with the essence of Buddhism in which they identify enteriny Nirvana with salvation of the people. But it must be rectified to attach importance to self-culture Now, I'll summarize the great monk's thoughts, Yong Sung Baek, Han Yeong Bak, Yong Woon Han, who discharged their duties as pioneers in the movement of the renovation of Buddhism, that is, the movement of socialization Korean Buddhism. They endeavoured very eagerly to make Korean Buddhism up-to-date under the difficult conditions, at the end of old Korea. First, they demanded Buddhists(monks) serious relection who were in want of self-consciousness as time go by. It was immediate to awaken the people to what is the duties of Buddhism itself and what is the factor to hold pride as Buddhists. Second, there was needed the self-consciousness of phases of the times. In the days when western scientific cvilization rushed for our country, and in the days when the power of christianity penetrated into the masses, Buddhism could have no leadership as a religion in the mountains. Presenting the essence of Buddhism, (spiritual enlightment, ture self) they said that we had to do our best to the education of youth as self-conscious realistic men in order to do its dutieis and cope with the social situation. Third, they urged to innovate the policy of Buddhism. Then, big problems are the estabilishments of the control of the religious association, economic indefendence, and the modernization of the means of missionary works. They emphatically asserted that, to develope Buddhism, we needed strong control with the unification of administration. At that time, they thought that they had to compose the power of organization to exert an important effect upon society. Because they could not cope with the social situation which more and more become the socialization of industries only with the system of the thirty-one Buddhist cathedral. The problem of economic indefendence was the destruction of dependence life in respect of individual, while it was also to make Buddhism a life religion which closed the indefendent administration and the activity in society of the religious association in respect of the religious association. In a word, they asserted that they had to fair prides to live indefendent lives by ceasing the life of asking almo, and making them farm and practice zenmeditation at a time in respect of individual, while they asserted that they had to combine or amalgamate temples, utilize the financial resources, convert fixed assets to current assets, and also found and administrate the production institutions in respect of the religious associations. They thought these not only as the devices for utilizing the financial resources of the religious association but also as the means of evangelization and the service for society. The problem of the modernization of evangelization appeared as an important problem connected with the existence of Buddishm and the possibility of development. They were faced with situation which had to cope with the change fo social situation and evangelize positively. To evangelize positively, they needed to translate the sutra into Korean above all. Because the religious doctrine must be popularized and socialized in order to realize Buddhism's ideal. Add to this, therefore, the probation of studies for religious workers and the simplication of rituals were made a subject of discussion. Especially it was very great problem to convert Buddhism in the mountains to Buddhism in the street. Because a religion which seperates from the masses can not accomplish its essential object. Moreover, Yong Woon Han who had progressive thoughts pointed out the fact that the system of prohibiting monks from marring was inadequate for future. He said the reason were; ① the severace of humanity. ② the destruction of the foundation of a nation ③ tge noxiousness of evangelization. As mentioned above, we could see the summary of the modernization of Buddhism by the three monks. Their encleavour, however, has more important significance in presentation of direction of pioneers rather than in success. Now, I'll investigate the direction of socialization in Korean Buddhism. First, in evangelization, developing the essence of Buddhism, and displaying its adaptability very well to adjust itself to society, it is urgent to inovate the constitution of Buddhism. A religion, in order to realize this object, has to adapt itself to the situation of the times and lift its spiritual subjecthood. For this we must make Buddhism harmonize with the times, be adapted to lives, popularize. So we must change the image of Buddhism in the mountains into Buddhism in the cities, Zen Buddhism into rational true Buddhism, that is, we have to throw away the in dolense of seclusion, take part in our own lives, and have positive post ures. For this, it is necessary to simplify rituals (for example, costume), to clear up separate emotions from the masses. And it is possible to change Buddhism into Buddhism of production, life, the masses. Second, the direction of social service, this is monks' elemental duties. Originally, the object of Buddhism is the evangelization for all creatures and the prusuit of Buddhahood. But they regarded the evangelization for all creatures as a Bodhisattvas truth rather than the prusuit of Buddhahood. For this, it is necessary to symplify and renovate rituals (ie: costumes) with the changes of the times. And to clear up the separate emotions from the masses. Today is the times of industry. Its characteristics is mass production. As long as the evangelization of a religion can not be a productive and life one, its survival is very difficult. Especially the things demanded very lagerly in the times of industry are the regular administration of current construction and production. It is urgent to realize the truth of self-interest and altruism on the gound of Buddhistic truth. Therefore, with the positiveness of the manners of evangelization and the estabilishment of an unified organization, we must strengthen centripetal duties and because Buddha's essential purpose was to eliminate pains and offer the pleasure of bliss(?苦與樂) social services must be planned as one of the elemental policy of the Buddhism's association. First, the developement of activity by the estabilishment of charitable organizations. Second, the abolition of distintions between men receiving charities and men offering charities. This must be changed into the dimension to feel these charities each other. Third, the construction of impartial society. We can not realize the essence of social services with the contiunation of partiality. Third, the direction of cultural activities. It is impossible to develop the thoughts of Buddhism without the success of cultural dimention. It is important to inherit and develop historical conventional culture, but it is even more important to create new culture. With the estabilishment of the Promoting Center for Scholastic Buddhism and the Cultural Center, we have to promote the plans intentionally. We must develope the cultural activity synthetically-it include thoughts, literature, arts and so on. The research activity for the highest thoughts, the supply activity the masses with easy cultural books, and the sutra, literary works. The assimilation with the masses through artistic activity are the vital factors in the developement for Buddhism. It is urgent for Buddhists to change its construction in order to take off its stagnancy and develope as a new religion. There are the meanings of systems and Buddhists' modernization for the structure of consciousness. We can not expect the novel developement without renovating the structure of consciousness and improving the systems.