Enalapril 에 의한 기침 발생율

노승익(Seung Ik Roh),김명선(Myeong Seon Kim),김은실(Eun Sil Kim),서두선(Du Seon Seo),정내인(Nae In Jeong),이명숙(Myeong Suk Lee),한승수(Seung Soo Han),김광희(Kwang Hoi Kim),김윤권(Yoon Kweon Kim) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.1

N/A Background: Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been widely used in treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, DM and various renal diseases. Cough has been recognized as a side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Therefore we studied the incidence and the chracteritics of Enalapril induced cough in Korea. Method: The sixty eight patients with Enalapril who visited out-patients department of internal medicine, Han-Il General Hospital during the period from april 1992 to october 1992 were included in this study. In all patients careful history taking and review of chart was done. Patients with respiratory disease were excluded. The criteria of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough was that cough developed after administration of Enalapril and improved after discontinuing drug and readministration of drug induce resume of symptom. Resnlts: Subjects include 34 males, 34 females and their average age was 53.3 years, Diseases of theirs were hypertension (57 cases}, congestive heart failure (5 eases), various renal disease (28 cases) and 9 patients of them were smokers. Average drug dosage was 11.7 mg a day and average administration duration was 182 days. Of the 68 patients, 23 patients (33.8%) had chronic cough due to enalapril, which had 12 male and 11 female patients. The cough disappearing time after withdrawal of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was average 7.8 days. In 16 patients (two thirds of them), cough disappeared within 4 days after drug withdrawal. 9 patients had to stop taking drug because of severe cough. Generally the characters of cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were dry, persistent, tickling and tended to develope especially at night, Conclusion: Cough is not uncommon side effect in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users. There fore clinician should consider angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough initially when cough developed after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor administration.

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of PHBV/Collagen (PHCP) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Skin Inflammation

Jin-Yi Han3*, Xu Zi Guang, Jyung-Sik Kwak, Ki-Wan Oh, Han-Ik Bae 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

The anti-inflammatory effect of PHBV/Collagen (PHCP) was examined in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced skin inflammation. Vascular permeability on the back skin was measured by the local accumulation of Evan’s blue dye after subcutaneous injection of LPS (30 μg site-1). Dye leakage in the skin showed a significant increase at 2 h after injection of LPS. This LPS-induced dye leakage was also completely inhibited by HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP, and antioxidants, including methyl gallate, trolox, and mannitol. To study the possible mechanisms underlying the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of PHCP against LPS-induced inflammation, we also examined the effects of PHCP on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels in skin tissues and found that pretreatment with PHCP resulted in inhibited MDA elevation and a remarkable reduction of glutathione level. In addition, similar results were obtained after pretreatment with antioxidants, including trolox and mannitol, and HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP. Histopathologically, an influx of neutrophils into the skin dermis was detected between 24 h and 72 h after LPS injection (30, 100 μg site-1), compared to control animals after injection of saline. This increase was greater in mice treated with 100 μg of LPS than in those treated with 30 μg of LPS and was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with PHCP, antioxidants, and HO-1 inhibitor. These results collectively suggest that PHCP has an anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-induced inflammation model in vivo and may be a good candidate for the skin tissue engineering biomedical application primarily through manipulation of the redox state.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

객체 지향 프로그램에서의 무제한적 폴리모피즘

한익주 경인여자대학 1993 경인논집 Vol.- No.2

일반적인 폴리모피즘(Polymorphism)이란 하나의 객체의 형태가 다른 형태로 변형되는 현상을 말하는데 프로그래밍 언어에서는 프로그램의 어떤 요소가 프로그램의 동적 문맥(Dynamic Context)에 따라 그 의미가 바뀌는 것을 말한다. 실 세계에서는 이러한 폴리모피즘이 무제한적으로 여러 요인에 의해 발생하는데 비해 프로그램의 세계에서는 매우 한정된 요인에 의해 한정된 프로그램의 요소만 변경되는 폴리모피즘들이 대부분이다. 프로그램의 세계에서는 연산자의 인수의 종류(Type)에 따라 연산자의 내용이 바뀌는 형태가 대부분이다. 그러나 프로그램의 세계가 실세계를 올바르게 반영하기 위해서는 이러한 제한된 형태의 폴리모피즘만으로는 부족하고 한 객체의 주변 환경이나 객체 자신의 내부적인 요인에 의해 객체 자체의 여러 형질들이 변화하는 형태의 폴리모피즘이 가능해야 한다. 이 논문에서는 객체 지향 언어에 추가적으로 도입된 논리적 관점이란 개념을 이용하여 현 프로그램밍 언어들이 추구하는 바인 프로그램의 추상화와 재사용성등과 같은 목적들을 해치지 않고 객체들의 자유로운 폴리모피즘이 가능하게 하는 방법에 대해 개괄적으로 이야기한다.

논리적 관점을 이용한 객체 지향 언어의 유전

韓翊柱 경인여자대학 1992 경인논집 Vol.- No.1

제주북부지역 적설량에 미치는 해양과 대기간 에너지수지 효과

한경훈,윤용훈,방익찬 제주대학교 해양과환경연구소 2005 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.29 No.1

가금티푸스 저항성 계통 선발을 위한 산란종계의 경제능력 검정에 관한 연구

한성욱,이봉덕,전익수 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2001 농업과학연구 Vol.28 No.2

가금티푸스에 저항성을 가진 합성종을 생산하기 위하여 갈색계통인 이사(ISA), 하이라인(Hyline), 로만(Lohman) 3 계통과, 백색계통인 인사 (ISA) 및 로만(Lohman) 2 계통의 종계(PS)에 대한 생존율, 사료섭취량, 체중, 성성숙일령, 시산 난중, 및 난질을 조사하였다. 성계 암컷 생존율(34주∼66주)은 갈색계통과 백색계통에서 각각 93.3%, 93.5%로 차이가 없었고, 수컷 생존율에도 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 수당사료 섭취량(21∼66주)은 암컷에서 갈색계통과 백색계통이 각각 113.9g과 114.3g으로 비슷한 수준이었으며, 수컷에서도 차이가 없었다. 성계 체중은 암·수 공히 갈색 산란종계 3계통 및 백색 산란종계 2계통간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 갈색과 백색 산란종계의 체중을 비교해 보면, 갈색 산란종계가 암컷과 수컷 모두 백색 산란종계 에 비하여 무거웠으나, 반복간에 변이가 워낙 커서 유의성은 검출되지 않았다. 성성숙일령은 갈색계통과 백색계통이 각각 147.8일과 140.5일로 갈색계통이 7일정도 늦었다(P<0.05). 산란율은 23-66주에서 갈색과 백색계통이 각각 75.0% 및 81.4%로 백색계통이 약 6% 높았다(P<0.05). 39주령에 갈색란과 백색란의 난질 성적을 비교해보면 Haugh Unit, 난형계수, 난황색, 난중에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 난각두께는 갈색 산란계통의 계란이 더 두꺼웠고, 난각강도도 유의하게 강한 것으로 나타났다. A preliminary experiment was conducted to produce fowl-typhoid resistant egg type breeds, using three brown egg layer breeders (ISA, Hyline, and Lohman) and two white egg layer breeders (ISA and Lohman). Various economic parameters were measured from day-old to mature stages using parent stocks of each breed. No significant difference in viabilities of mature hens from 34 to 66 wk of ages was found between brown(93.3%) and white(93.5%) egg layer breeders (P>0.05). Also, there was no difference in viabilities of mature cockerels. Although not significant the mature body weights of brown egg layer breeders tended to be heavier than those of the white egg layer breeders both in hens and cockerels. No difference in feed intakes of mature brown and white hens were detected. Ages of sexual maturity of white and brown egg layer hens were 147.7 and 140.5 d, respectively (P<0.05). Egg production of white egg layer hens during 23-66 weeks age was significantly higher than their counterpart (81.4% vs. 75.0%). Comparisons of Haugh Unit, egg shape index, yolk color, and egg weight between brown and white eggs were not significantly different, however, the brown eggshells were thicker and stronger than those of white eggs (P<0.05).

슬러지 전처리와 고농도 MBR을 이용한 슬러지 감량화 공정연구

한규철,염익태,정우진,김형수 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.4

From this research, the performances of a sludge reduction in the sewage sludge aerobic digestion was experimented by using a sludge pretreatment and membrane bioreactor. The submerged plate membrane was used as the solid-liquid separation membrane . After drawing small amounts of sludge in a bioreactor and then doing the alkaline treatment and ozone treatment, the sludge was sent to back to the reactor. The HRT in the reactor was set as 5 days and the operation in the reactor was carried out at the DO of 1㎎/L on average. After 100 days of operation in the reactor, it was shown that the reduction efficiency of total solids was more than 83%. Most of volatile solids were removed through mineralization, and the considerable portion of the nonvolatile solids was dissolved and then flowed out with the effluent. Only about 16.3% of total solids in the sludge was accmulated in the reactor even without the loss of volatile fraction. Also, by deriving nitrification and denitrification in one reactor simultaneously, more than 90% of nitrogen removal effect was realized and the experiment was run smoothly without fouling of membrane, even in the high concentration of MLSS. Based on this experiment. sludge can be reduced considerably at a low HRT by these two newly suggested approach.

파골세포의 활성억제가 골결손 치유과정에 미치는 영향

한천수,김익동,채종민,서인수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.2

파골세포의 활성화 억제가 골결손 치유에 미치는 영향을 알아보고저 Spraque-Dawley계 흰쥐의 경골 앞쪽 절반을 실톱으로 골결손을 만들고 prostaglandin 생산 억제제인 indomethacin을 체중 1㎏당 2㎎을 국소에 매일 주사한 군과 파골세포내에 많이 함유되어 산성 상태를 유지하여 골흡수에 중요한 역활을 하는 carbonic anhydrase의 강력한 억제제인 acetazolamide를 체중 100g당 15㎎을 국소에 매일 주사한 군으로 나누어 골결손을 야기한 제2일, 제4일, 제7일 및 제14일에 경골을 절취하여 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경 및 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 파골세포의 기능을 차단하지 않은 대조군에서는 골치유 초기에 골아세포들의 입방형의 수축등 형태 변화가 일어나면서 골기질이 노출되었고 파골세포들이 형성 유주되어 활성화가 일어나 골기질의 흡수가 왕성하였으며, 골결손 제4일 후 골내막 가골이 형성되었고 remodelling을 거처 골결손 7일후 성숙된 충판골로 피질골의 골결손이 유합되었다. 그 후 내막골 가골은 점차 흡수되어 골결손 14일후 관찰에서는 거의 정상 상태로 수복되었다. 그러나 Prostaglandin의 생산 억제제인 indomethacin을 국소에 매일 주사한 군에서는 피질골의 내면을 덮고 있는 골아세포들의 변형이 일어나지 않았으며 이어 파골세포들의 형성 및 활성화가 매우 적어 골흡수가 현저히 억제되었다. 골내막 가골의 형성도 지연되어 골결손 7일후에도 성숙된 신생골로 대치되지 못하였으며 따라서 remodelling과 골내막 가골의 흡수도 지연되어 골결손 14일 후에도 골결손 수복이 불충분하였다. 그리고 두번째 실험군인 carbonic anhydrase의 차단제인 acetazolamide를 주사한 군에서도 indomethacin을 투여한 군과 마찬가지로 골결손 수복과정이 현저히 저하되었으나 골결손 2일 후부터의 골내막을 덮고 있는 골아세포들의 변형은 대조군에서와 같이 입방화 및 수축이 일어나 골기질의 노출현상은 초래되었다. 그러나 파골세포들의 형성은 비교적 적었으며 또한 파골세포가 골기질에 부착되어 잘 발달된 ruffled border를 갖고 왕성한 골흡수를 하는 경우는 매우 드물었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 골결손 치유에 있어서 초기에 파골세포의 활성화에 의한 골흡수가 골치유에 필수적이며 골흡수로 골조직내에 포함되어있던 어떤 종류의 골치유를 촉진하는 국소적 인자가 유리되어 신생골의 형성을 촉발시킬 것으로 생각된다. 또한 골절시 골손상및 출혈등으로 prostaglandin의 분비가 골치유를 유도하는 중요한 국소적 인자의 하나라고 생각된다. An ultrastructural study was carried out to investigate effects of initial osteoclastic bone resorption on the repair process after cortical bone defect. In the present study an incomplete cortical defect was made in the tibial shaft of rats using a bone saw, and the repair process thereafter histologically examined under two conditions. When indomethacin, one of prostaglandin inhibitors, was administered daily at a dose of 2㎎/1㎏/day. For the other condition, acetazolamide, one of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, was administered daily at a dose of 15㎎/100g/day. The animals were sacrified at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after bone defect. The tibial bones were extirpated and examined by light, scanning and trasmission electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follow: In the control groups, on day 2, hemorrhage and a loose mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in the room of bone defect, the osteoblasts converted from a flattened to a stellate shape and contracted, and then the bone matrix was exposed. Osteoclastic bone resorption was often noticed in the cortical bone near the defect. With the advancement of repair after day 4, endosteal callus was formed and was maturing. On day 14, almost complete healing was accomplished. In the indomethacin group, on day 2, the osteoblasts did not observed shape change, and osteoclastic bone resorption was inconspicuous. With the advancement of repair after day 4, repair reaction was delayed on the endosteal surface just around the defect compared with that in the control. The new bone trabeculae were immature and bone marrow formation was observed in a small number of new trabeculae at 14 day after bone defect. In the acetazolamide group, the osteoblasts converted from a flattened to a stellate shape and contracted, and then the bone matrix was exposed. Osteoclastic bone resorption, however, was minimal in the coritcal bone near the defect. The repair reaction was also delayed compared with that in the control. The results suggest that osteoclasts participate in bone repair mechanism by liberating some bone inductive factors normally burried in bone matrix, to trigger new bone formation. The prostaglandins may be important local factor for induction of bone repair process after fracture.

Interface 방식의 동기화에 기초를 둔 COOP(Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming) Model

한익주 경인여자대학 1996 경인논집 Vol.- No.5