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관동맥 질환 환자에서 전산화단층촬영상의 복부지방 분포 및 형광안저 촬영
한혜자,홍종면,차상훈,김동운,남기병,최미영,강세웅,박남규,이석재 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1996 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.6 No.2
배경 및 목적 : 죽상경화증의 원인 인자중 하나인 복부지방의 축적도를 복부 전산화 단층 촬영술로 정량화 하여 관동맥 질환과의 상관 관계를 살펴보고자 하려고, 또한 형광 안저 촬영 검사상의 죽상 경화증 정도와 관동맥 질환과의 상관 관계를 알아보고자 하였다 대상 및 방법 : 관동맥 조영술을 시행한 환자중 관동맥조영술 소견상 50% 이상의 협착이 있는 경우를 관동맥 질환군(n=15)으로 정의하였고, 관동맥 조영술 소견상 관동맥 질환이 없고 허혈성 뇌혈관질환, 당뇨병 및 고혈압이 없는 환자들을 대조군(n=11)으로 하였다. 배꼽 위치에서 복부 전산화 단층 촬영을 시행하여 총 복부 지방면적(total abdomen fat area, TAFA). 복강내 지방면적(abdomen visceral fat area, AVFA) 및 복부 피하지방면적(abdomen subcutaneous fat area, ASFA)을 측정하였고, 그 비를 구하여 비교 분석하였다 또한 형광 안저 촬영 검사를 시행하여 동-정맥비와 동-정맥교차수 및 팔망막 순환기 시간을 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 복부 전산화 단층 촬영 : 대조군과 관동맥 질환군은 복강내 지방면적/(AVFA/TAFA)은 각각 53.9±8.3, 56.1±8.5으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고, 또 복강내 지방면적/복부 피하지방면적(AVFA/ASFA)도 각각 0.90±0.30, 0.82±0.26으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 2) 형광안저 촬영 검사 ; 대조군과 관동맥 질환군에서 동-전맥비(%)는 각각 72.1±4.9, 62.5±6.1, 동-정맥 교차수는 0.3±0.5, 1.1±1.1, 팔망막 순환기 시간(msec)은 15.3±1.8, 17.8±4.0으로 세 지표 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 결론 : 관동맥 질환 환자에서 전산화 단층촬영을 이용하여 구한 복부지방의 분포양상(복강내 지방의 구성 비율 등)은 정상 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 관동맥 질환 환자와 정상 대조군에서 형광 안저 촬영 검사로 측정한 동정맥 직경비, 동정맥교차현상수 및 팔망막순환시간은 각각 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이가 있었다 Background : We quantitatively evaluated the abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography(CT) in coronary artery disease patients and the findings of fluorescence angiography in coronary artery disease patients. Methods: Among the patients who were done coronary angiography(CAG), the control group(n=11) has no angiographically significant stenosis(<50%) and the coronary artery disease(CAD) group(n=15) has more than one significant stenosis(>52%). We examined abdominal CT at umbilicus level and fluorescence angiography in all patients. In abdominal CT, we calculated total abdominal fat area(TAFA), abdominal visceral fat asea(AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area(ASFA) and their ratios. In fluorescence angiography, we calculated that artery-vein ratio(AV ratio), artery-vein cross number(AV cross No) and antecubital-retinal circulation time. Results: 1) Abdominal CT A. AVFA/TAFA(㎡) ; Control group : CAD group = 53.9±8.3 : 56.1±8.5 (p〉0.05) B. AVFA/ASFA(㎡) ; Control group : CAD group = 0.90±0.30 : 0.82±0.26 (p〉0.05) 2) Fluorescence angiography A. AV ratio(%) ; Control group : CAD group = 72.1±4.9 : 62.5±6.1 (p〈0.05) B. AV cross No ; Control group : CAD group = 0.3±0.5 : 1.1±1.1 (p〈0.05) C. Antecubital - retinal circulation time(ms) Control group : CAD group = 15.3±1.8 : 17.8±4.0 (p<0.05) Conclusion : There was significant association between the FAG findings and CAG findings but there was no significant association between the abdominal fat distribution by abdominal CT and CAG findings.
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한석영,이동진 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.5
In case of ESO(evolutionary structural optimization) which is one of topology optimization methods, the element removal ratio is fixed throughout topology optimization by 1 or 2%. As a result it has no flexibility for various types of, structures and thus the rate of convergence might not be efficient. Thus various element removal methods were developed in order to improve the efficiency of ESO. In this paper, various element removal methods for ESO are compared with each other for a bracket and a short cantilever. In addition, a new improved bi-directional element removal method is sug-gested in order to obtain much better optimized topology. From the comparative results of the examples, it is verified that all of the developed various element removal methods arc very effective, and the suggested element removal method is the most effective.
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자궁내막증 백서모형에서 Danazol과 Decapeptyl의 치료효과에 관한 연구
황선보,이민석,심재현,김동훈,배한익 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-
본 연구의 목적은 장간막에 자궁내막 조직을 자가이식하여 수술적으로 유도된 자궁내막증 백서모형에서 자궁내막증의 치료를 위해 danazol과 decapetyl의 치료효과를 평가하는 것이다. 백서(n=48)들은 무작위적으로 정상대조군(n=12)과 수술적으로 유도된 자궁내막증군(n=36)으로 구분하였다. 후자는 비치료군과, danazol 치료군과 decapeptyl 치료군으로 세분하였다(각 군의 n=12). Danazol(8mg/일)은 수술후 4째주부터 구강을 통해 투여되었다. Decapeptyl(0.2mg/2주)은 근주하였다. 처음투약후 10일, 20일, 40일, 60일째에 각군의 2마리의 쥐를 희생시켰다. 저자들은 자궁내막증 이식체와 난소의 크기를 측정하여 다음의 결론를 얻었다. 1. 자궁내막증 이식체의 크기는 비치료군에 비해(3.91±1.08mm) danazol 치료군과 decapeptyl치료군에서 (각각2.28±0.17mm 과 2.78±0.97mm), 현저히 감소되었다(p<0.01). 2. danazol과 decapeptyl 두 치료군에서 장기치료가 단기치료보다 자궁내막증 이식체의 크기를 감소시키는데 더 효과적이었다(p<0.01). 3. 난소의 크기는 정상대조군과, 비치료군과 decapeptyl 치료군에서 유의하게 차이를 보이지 않은데 반해(각각 4.46±0.85mm, 4.77±0.82mm과 4.97±0.92mm), danazol 치료군에서는 유의하게 감소하였다(3.97±0.63mm) (p<0.63mm). 백서모형에서 수술적으로 이식된 자궁내막조직의 성장과 발달은 자궁내막증의 병인 이해와 신약개발에 유용한 연구모델을 제공할 수 있을 것 이다. The purpose of this study was to surgically induce endometriosis in the rat by autotransplanting endometrial tissue to the mesentery and to evaluate the efficacy of danazol and decapeptyl for the treatment of endometriosis. Rats(n=48) were randomly assigned to normal control group(n=12) and surgically induced endometriosis group(n=36). The latter was further divided into the untreated, danazol treated and decapeptyl treated groups (n=12 for each group). Danazol(8mg/day) was orally administrated from 4weeks after operation. Decapeptyl(O.2ml/2weeks) was injected intramuscularly. Two rats of each group are sacrificed on the 10th, 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th and lOOth day after the first drug administration. We measured sizes of endometriotic implants and ovaries. The results were as follows; 1. The sizes of endometriotic implants were significantly decreased(P<O.Ol) in the danazol and decapeptyl treated groups (2.28±O.71mm and 2.78±O.89mm, respectively) compared with untreated group(3.91±l.08mm). 2. Long term treatment was more effective than short term treatment in decreasing the size of endometriotic implants in both danazol and decapeptyl treated groups(P<O.Ol). 3. The size of ovaries was not significantly different among the normal control, untreated and decapeptyl treated groups(4.65±O.83mm, 4.77±O.82mm and 4.97±O.92mm, respectively) but was significantly decreased(P<O.Ol) in the danazol treated group(3.97±O.63mm). The successful growth and development of surgically transplanted endometrial tissue in the rat may offer an useful research model that can be used to understand pathogenesis of endometriosis and to explore new drug therapies.
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김정아,정현식,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,박찬형,박성규,김동욱,이종욱,한치화,민우성,김춘추,김동집 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1996 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.1 No.1
Background: In most solid tumors, the CD34 antigen has not been detected, so positive selection of CD34+ cells may reduce tumor cell contamination and the CD34+ cells are capable of reconstituting hematopoiesis. We tried CD34+ cell transplantation in two patients. Method: CD34+ cells from chemotherapy + G-CSF mobilized PBPCs or bone marrow were positively selected with an avidin-biotin immunoadsorption column (CEPRATE SC system). Case 1. One course of chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide(200㎎/㎡) and etoposide (4.2g/㎡), combined with G-CSF(5㎍/㎏) S.C. was used in a relapsed lymphoma patient. This patient responded to the induction chemotherapy. CD34+ cells from harvested bone marrow were selected by the CellPro immunoadsorption column. The total number of mononuclear cells loaded onto the CellPro was 2.4×10^(8)/㎏, with 1.1% CD34+ cells. After column separation, the total number of positively selected cells was 5.16×10^(6)/㎏. The number of CFU-GM was 76.8×10⁴/㎏. This patient was treated with melphalan (140㎎/㎡) and TBI (1200cGy) and the positively selected CD34+ cells were infused. The time to neutrophil recovery greater than 0.5×10^(9)/L was 19 days and the time to platelet recovery greater than 50×10^(9)/L was 21 days. Case 2. Two courses of mobilizing chemotherapy were given 4 weeks apart using taxol(210㎎/m2) and adriamycin(60㎎/m2), combined with G-CSF(5㎍/㎏) S.C. in a breast cancer patients with 7 axillary node metastasis. CD34+ cells from each single leukapheresis product were selected by the CellPro immunoadsorption column. In the first collection, the total number of nucleated cells was 4.4×10^(8)/kg, with 0.42% CD34+ cells. In the second collection, the total number of nucleated cell was 2.8× 10^(8)/㎏ with 0.43% CD34+ cells. After colum separation, the total numbers of collected cells were 4.0×106/kg and 4.8×10^(6)/kg, the total number of CD34+ cells were 1.2×10^(6)/㎏ and 0.82×10^(6)/㎏. Colonogenic assays of positively selected CD34+ cells gave rise to myeloid erythroid, and multilineage colonies, with a median of 190 CFU-GM, 190 BFU-E, and 164 CFU-GEMM per 1×10³ adsorbed cells, respectively. High-dose chemotherapy with cumulative doses of 40mg/㎡ mitoxantrone, 750mg/㎡ thioptepa, and 1000mg/㎡ carboplatin was administered. Positively selected CD34+ cells were rapidly infused 24 hours after the end of high-dose chemotherapy. The time to neutrophil recovery greater than 0.5×10^(9)/L was 16 days and the time to platelet recovery greater than 50×10^(9)/L was 20 days.
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초음파 센서를 이용한 무궤도 반송차의 위치 및 방향제어
안중환,김화영,임한석,김동신 부산대학교 공과대학 1989 硏究報告 Vol.38 No.-
The system that could control a position and a direction of a vehicle by means of supersonic sensors was developed. It is composed of a microcomputer, two couples of supersonic sensor, a vehicle, a power supply and interfaces. Two senders are located at a distance on the vehicle and two receivers are located at two reference coordinate points. Supersonic propagation time from each sender to each receiver was conveniently measured in terms of the repeating number of a short machine language program. Experimental results showed that a repeating number was nearly linear with a corresponding distance. Using four measurements, the present position and direction of the vehicle were calculated .And the amounts of distance to be moved and angles to be rotated to get a destination position and direction were calculated. These data were used for controlling the vehicle driven by two wheel step. Judging from movement tests, the controllability and the accuracy of position an direction of a vehicle using supersonic sensors were quite satisfactory.
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우리나라 사람면역결핍바이러스(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 감염환자에서 발병한 악성종양
최평균,송진수,조재현,김성한,박경화,방지환,박완범,김홍빈,김동완,김태유,허대석,오명돈,김남중,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6
Background : Since highly active antiretroviral therapy has lengthened the life span of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the importance of malignancy associated with HIV has been increased. The relative frequencies of malignancies in HIV infected patients may vary in different race and region. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of malignancies in patients with HIV infection in South Korea. Materials and Methods : To identify HIV patients with malignancy, we reviewed the electronic database of pathological reports for all HIV-infected patients seen from January 1986 to December 2005 at the Seoul National University Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of them. Results : Among 850 patients infected with HIV, 33 episodes of malignant diseases were diagnosed in 32 patients (3.76%). Thirty were males, and median age was 46 years (range 29-70). At the time of the diagnosis of malignancy, median CD4^(+) lymphocytes count was 100/uL (range 5-620) and in 27 (82%) patients, CD4^(+) lymphocytes count were less than 200/uL. For 13 patients (40%), malignancy was initial presentation of HIV infection. Excluding patients initially diagnosed as malignancy, median follow-up duration from the first visit to diagnosis of malignancy was 36 months (range 3-96). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most frequent malignancy (13 patients), followed by Kaposi's sarcoma (7), Hodgkin‘s disease (3), acute myeloid leukemia (1), and other solid cancer (9) including one case of anal cancer associated with human papillomavirus. Among 13 patients with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4(31%) achieved the complete remission after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and had been followed without evidence of recurrence. Conclusion : Malignancy was diagnosed in 3.76% of patients infected with HIV. Non-Hodgkin‘s lymphoma is the most prevalent malignancy in HIV patients in South Korea. 목적 : 효과적인 항레트로바이러스 다제요법이 도입됨에 따라, HIV 감염환자들의 수명이 증가되었고, 이에 따라 HIV 감염환자에서 악성종양의 중요성 또한 증가하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 HIV 감염환자에서 악성종양의 유병률과 호발하는 악성종양의 특성을 밝히는 것이다. 재료 및 방법 : 1986년부터 2005년까지 서울대학교병원에서 치료를 받은 HIV 감염환자의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였고, 병리학적 검사 결과를 검토하여 악성종양이 진단된 환자들을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : 총 850명의 환자 중, 32명(3.76%)에서 33예의 악성종양이 진단되어, 악성종양의 발병률은 1,000인년 당13.0명(95% 신뢰구간: 8.6∼17.4명)이었다. 그 중 남자는 30명이었고, 악성종양 진단 당시 연령의 중간값은 46 (29-70)세이었다. 악성종양 진단받을 당시, CD4 림프구 수의 중간값은 lOO/uL (5-620 uL) 이었고, CD4 림프구수가 200/ uL 미만인 환자가 27명(82%)이었다. 악성종양에 대한 검사 도중에 HIV 감염사실이 밝혀진 환자가 13명(40%)이었다. HIV를 진단 받은 후 악성종양이 발병한 환자들에서, HIV 진단 후 악성종양의 발병까지는 평균 36개월(3-96개월)이 걸렸다. 13명의 HIV 감염 환자에서 진단된 비호지킨림프종이 가장 흔한 악성종양이었고, 이외에 카포시육종이 7명, 호지킨병이 3명, HPV와 연관된 항문암이 1명의 HIV 환자에서 진단되었다. 그 밖에 급성백혈병, 방광암, 췌장장, 폐암, 진행성위암, 갑상선암, 간세포암, 후두암이 각각 1예씩 진단되었다. 비호지킨림프종이 진단된13명 환자 중, 4명(31%)은 항암치료 및 방사선치료를 받아 완전관해가 되었고, 현재 재발의 증거 없이 외래에서 경과 관찰 중이다. 결론 : 우리나라 HIV 감염환자에서 악성종양의 유병률은 3.76%이었고, 비호지킨림프종이 가장 흔한 악성종양이었다.
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