물류산업의 국민경제적 파급효과 분석

정동원 ( Dong Won Jeong ),한종호 ( Jong Ho Han ) 한국물류학회 2012 물류학회지 Vol.22 No.2

물류산업은 경제 발전에 중요한 역할을 담당하며, 산업경쟁력과 국가경쟁력을 결정하는 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 물류산업의 국민경제적 파급효과를 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 수요유도형 모형을 이용하여 물류산업의 타 산업 생산유발효과, 부가가치 유발효과, 취업유발효과를 살펴본다. 다음으로 상대적으로 복잡성 때문에 잘 사용되지 않았던 공급유도형 모형 및 레온티에프 가격모형을 적용하여 물류산업의 공급지장효과 및 물가파급 효과를 살펴본다. 이러한 분석은 모두 물류산업을 내생부문이 아닌 외생부문으로 다룸으로써 물류산업을 중심으로 이루어지게 된다. 주요 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 물류산업의 1원 생산은 타 산업의 생산을 0.5104원만큼 유발하며, 타산업의 부가가가치를 0.1722원만큼 유발한다. 또한 물류산업의 10억원 생산은 타산업에서 2.2554명의 취업을 유발한다. 한편 물류산업에서 1원의 공급이 이루어지지 못할 때, 타 산업에서는 0.9387원의 생산차질이 발생하여 공급지장효과가 제법 큰 편이다. 마지막으로 물류산업의 가격이 10& 상승했을 때, 국민경제 전체적으로 미치는 물가파급효과는 0.0276%로 분석되었다. The logistics industry in Korea plays a major role in the national economy development and to make decision nation and industrial competitiveness, This study attempts to examine the economic impacts of the logistics industry using an inter-industry analysis, Specially, the study investigates production-inducting effect, value added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect of the logistics industry based on demand-driven model. Moreover, the study deals with supply shortage effect and sectoral price effect by using supply-driven model and leontief price model, respectively, which have been rarely used because of their complications involved in computaiton. These analyses pay particular and close attention to the distribution industry by taking it as exogenous rather than endogenous. Some interesting findings emerge from the study. First, the production of 1.0 won in the logistics industry induces the production of 0.5104 won and the value-added of 0.1722 won in other industries. Second, the production of 1.0 billion won in the logistics industry causes the employment of 2.554 persons in other industries. Third, the supply shortage of 1.0 won in the logistics industry disables other industries to produce 0.9387 won. Finally, an increase of 10% in price level of the logistics industry raises the overall price level by 0.0276%.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

기존의 치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이 대장암 환자에서 방사선조사와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료의 1, 2상 임상시험

최영민(Youngmin Choi),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),권혁찬(Hyuk-Chan Kwon),한상영(Sang-Young Han),최종철(Jong-Cheol Choi),정주섭(Ju-Seop Chung),김창원(Chang-Won Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강치덕(Chi-Duk Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.2

목 적: 기존치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이를 동반한 대장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역 치료의 독성과 반응도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2006년 11월까지 다발성 간전이가 동반된 대장암 환자들 중에서 항암화학 요법에 반응하지 않은 환자 중 지원자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 본 임상 시험에 대하여 동아대학교병원과 부산대학교병원의 임상윤리심의위원회의 허가를 획득하였고, 동의서에 서명한 환자들을 임상 시험의 대상으로 등록하였다. 환자의 말초 혈액으로부터 수지상세포를 추출하여 배양하였다. 임상시험 일자에 맞추어서 6×106개의 수지상세포를 바이알(0.5 ml)에 넣어서 디씨백/아이알 주사를 만들었다. 수지상세포 면역치료는 2주 간격으로 간전이암조직에 3회 주사하고, 5주에 내약성 평가를 하였다. 내약성 평가를 통과한 환자에게는 8주에 4번째 수지상세포 면 역치료를 하였다. 병의 악화가 없거나 임상시험에 대한 환자의 동의 철회가 없는 경우에는 5, 6번째 수지상세포면역치료를 각각 12, 16주에 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 수지상세포 면역치료를 주사할 간전이암 부위에 주사하기 전일 및 당일에 4 Gy씩을 조사하였다. 내약성 평가는 3×106개의 수지상세포로부터 시작하여, 12×106개의 수지상세포까지 시행하였다. 내약성 평가의 최대 내성 용량으로 추가 임상시험을 하였다. 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 맞은 모든 환자들에서 안전성 평가를 하였다. 4회 이상 주사를 맞은 환자들을 대상으로 10주에 치료 반응을 평가하여 유효성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 임상시험에 등록한 24명 중 22명에서 수지상세포 면역치료를 시행하였다. 내성약 평가에는 14명이 등록하여 11명에서 평가를 완료하였다. 시험약과의 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되는 grade 3 이상의 약물반응으로 인한 이상반응은 없었다. 12×106개의 수지상세포를 내성용량으로 확인하였고, 내성용량인 12×106개 수지상세포 면역치료를 이용하여 8명에서 추가로 시험을 하였다. 치료에 대한 환자들의 내성은 양호하였고, grade 3을 초과하는 치명적인 부작용은 발생되지 않았다. 4회 이상의 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 받은 환자가 17명이었고, 이 중의15명에서는 종양의 반응도 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 평가이지만, 면역치료의 유효성 평가를 위해, 방사선치료와 수지상세포 면역치료 주사가 시행된 부위 외의 간전이암에서 반응도를 조사 하였다. 면역치료의 반응은 평가가 이루어진 환자들에서 정지성 병변이 4명, 진행성 병변이 11명 이었다. 결 론: 수지상세포 면역치료와 병행한 방사선치료는 이론적으로 국소 및 전신 제어에 상승효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 치료에 반응하지 않는 매우 진행된 직장암 환자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료로 인한 심각한 부작용의 발생은 없었다는 결과와 4예에서의 정지성 병변의 관찰을 보고한다. 수지상세포의 최대 투여 용량, 적절한 투여 방법, 적절한 방사선의 양, 방사선과 수지상 세포의적절한 투여 간격 등에 관한 추가 연구를 통하여, 향후 제 2상, 3상 시험으로서의 진행 여부에 긍정적인 결과를얻을 수 있다고 판단한다. Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by DCVac/IRⓇ dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of 6×106 DCs were packed into a vial (DCVac/IRⓇ, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient’s schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses (3×106 to 12×106 DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The 12×106 DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The DCVac/IRⓇ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Ki-67이 Luminal B형 유방암 환자의 예후에 미치는 영향

류동원,최우식,이충한 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.1

배경: Ki-67는 세포의 분열지수로서 특히 세포분열초기 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그래서 Ki-67의 분열지수가 높은 경우 조기 재발 및 예후와 관련되어 있다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 본원의 자료를 토대로 Ki-67의 분열지수가 예후에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 한다 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 본원에서 유방암으로 수술을 받은 679명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사를 하였다. 술후 조직병리학적 보고서를 토대로 조사하였다. Ki-67의 수치를 기준으로 10%이하군, 10%에서 20%군, 20%이상군으로 나누었다. 세군사이의 임상병리학적 요소의 분포를 비교하였으며 Kaplan-Meier를 이용하여서 생존율을 분석하였다. 결과: 환자들의 평균나이는 46세였으며, 평균종양의 크기는 3.2cm였다. 20%이상군에서 진행성 유방암환자의 비율이 높았다.(p=0.007) 특히 림프절의 전이정도와도 관련이 있었다.( p=0.003) 그러나 Ki-67과 생존율과는 의미있는 관련성을 없었다.( p=0.6112). 결론: 본원의 조사에 따르면 Ki-67은 진행성 유방암과 호르몬 수용체 음성과는 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있었으나 생존율에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 본조사는 추적기간이 짧고 조사 규모가 크지 않아서 향후 계속적으로 추적 관찰한다면 더 의미있는 결과과 나올것이다. Background: Ki-67 expression has been considered to be a reliable marker for assessing tumor cell proliferation. The aims of the ourstudy were to assess the correlationbetween Ki-67 expression and clinocopathologic factors and to analyze the effect of Ki-67 expression on survival rate. Methods:The study subjects, 679 women with breast cancer, were a subset of patients operated at OOO hospital from Jun 2001 to Dec 2005.Patients are grouped into 3 categories according to Ki-67 determined in surgical specimens. Clincopathologic factors were compared with 3 categories of Ki-67. Chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. Kaplan–Meier estimates are presented for thesurvival function, and differences in survival were analyzed usingthe log rank test. Results: The median age was 46yrs, and median tumor size was 3.2cm. The strong correlation was observed between tumor staging and Ki-67 staining(p=0.007) and Group III(more than 20% staing) showed more advanced N-staging(p=0.003). The number of patients with estrogen receptor negative was higher in Group III(p=0.001) and that with HER-2 receptor positive was also higher in Group III(p =0.001) comparing with other groups. The univariate analysis for prognostic factors associated with DFS revealed that both the tumor groupas T1, T2, T3 or T4 and lymph node as N0, N1, N2 or N3 were statistically significant(p=0.0003 and p=0.0015 respectively) but the Ki-67 staining as <10%, 10~20%, >20% was statistically not significant(p=0.6112). The univariate analysis for prognostic factors associated with OS revealed that Tumor staging and N-staging was statically significant(p=0.003 and p=0.0015 respectively). Conclusions: According to our study, Ki-67 positive groups was associated with more advanced staging, ER-negative, PR-negative and HER-positive respectively. But there is no significant association between Ki-67 staining and 5-year disease free survival rate including overall survival rate.

Jena時代 Hegel의 政治思想에 關하여

韓東遠 新羅大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Jena 時代 Hegel의 論理學(Ⅱ) : Eine Untersuchung der Jenaer Systementwurfe Ⅱ SYSTEMENTWURFE Ⅱ를 中心으로

韓東遠 新羅大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Zum ersten Mal, arbeitete Hegel Zu Anfang seiner Jenaer Zeit die Logik im ganzen aus. Von dieser Logik wissen wir durch das bei Rosenkranz uberlieferten Material und Differenzschrift. darin wird die Konzeption und der allgemeine Aufgabe der Logik angegeben. Aus dieser Bedeutung fruhe Logik geht hervor, dass hegel in ihr die Grundlage der formalen Logik aufgenommen hat. er orientiert sich an der Tradition. Zugleich aber liefert er Neubestimmungen ihrer Inhalte. Gegenstand der Logik ist nach Hegel die Darstellung des Endlichen und dessen Vernichtung. Aus dieser Vernichtung des Endlichen aber geht die Erkenntnis des Unendlichen hervor, das fur ihn das Thema der Metaphysik ist. In Metaphysik soll die Erkenntnis des Absoluten expliziert werden. Zu Anfang seiner Jenaer Zeit, wird die Logik von Hegel als Einleitung in die Metaphysik entworfen. In der Logik von 104/05 hat Hegel seine fruhere Logik-Konzeption verandert. Hegels Neubestimmung der Aufgaben der Logik lasst sich am deutlichsten an seiner Behandlung der Begriffs der Unendlichkeit erfassen. Die fruhere logik Hegels endete mit der Erkenntnis der Unendlichkeit und der Aufhebung der endlichen Reflexionserkenntnis. In der Logik von 1805/05 fuhrt Hegel dagegen die Unendlichkeit inmitten der kategor-ienentwicklung als eigene kategorie ein. Die wahre Unendlichkeit ist der der Reflexion immanenten Widerspruch und damit Aufhebung der Bestimmtheit insgesamt. Die Logik bildet dadurch die Grundlage fur die metaphysische Unendlichkeit. In der Logik hat die Unendlichkeit daher einen metaphysischen Sinn. Dennoch ist die Logik von 1804/05 noch nicht eins mit der Metaphysischen Sinn. Dennoch ist die Logik von 1804/05 noch nicht eins mit der Metaphysik. Hegel unterscheidet vielmehr die Metaphysik noch von der Logik. Die Logik ist fur ihn in diesem Systementwurf einerseits Einleitung. Jedoch ist die Logik andereseits zugleich zureihende Grundlegung der Metaphysik. Mit diesem Ansatz der Logik als Grundlegung der Metaphysik sucht Hegel den fruheren Gedanken der Logik als Einleitung in die Metaphsik zu verbinden. So hat die Aufhebung der Gultigkeit der kategorien der Endlichkeit, die Hegel unter der Titel “einfache Beziehung” bringt, noch Einleitungscharakter. Doch steht hegels Darstellung auch in ersten Teil dieser Logik schon im Horizont der metaphysischen Erkenntnis. Es werden in ihm bereits Probleme der Erkenntnis des Absoluten erortert. hegels Logik von 1804/05 gehort also in ein Stadium des Ubergangs von der Logik der endlichen Reflexion, die nur Einleitung in die Metaphysik ist, zur spekulativen Logik, die selbst die Metaphysik schon in sich enthalt.

새로운 유사 원자층 증착 방법에 의한 산화막의 형성 및 터널링 자기 접합에의 응용

한신희,정원철,이장식,김병동,주승기 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The tunneling barrier is crucial to the overall performance in magnetic tunnel junction. We have suggested a new formation method for the tunnel barrier, which has utilized pseudo atomic layer deposition with sputtering (PALDS). As is well known, all metallic thin films oxidize more or less under atmospheric conditions. With using this property of metallic thin films, we have prepared tunnel barrier by sputtering metallic thin film and exposing it to the oxygen ambience. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the formed tunnel barrier has been confirmed to have clear and good interface between magnetic layers and tunnel barrier. From atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation, it has been also confirmed to have low surface roughness. The TMR MRAM cell manufactured using PALDS method has been shown to exhibit typical tunnel resistance of 86 KΩ·μm^2 and TMR ratio of about 40%. The 40% of MR is quite large. It is considered that this value is geometrically enhanced magnetoresistance due to the low junction resistance of MTJ.

Hegel의 勞動槪念

韓東遠 新羅大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

In this article, I will try to analyze the concept of Labor in Hegel's philosophy.with special refrence to his "Jenenser Realphilosophie" and "Phanomenologie des Geistes. " Men have dreamed of a golden age and Utopias, in which are no need of labor. According to christian doctrine, labor is an inevitable consequence of man's fall from Eden, In the paradise, Adam would have lived without labor. The implication seems to be that the labor is a burden which deforms the life of man. But labor also contri- butes to such happiness as man can enjoy on earth. Labor is not always a curse, but a blessing necessary condition for all human societies. This activity gibes man a dignity which can not be given up in this earthly life. Not merely to keep a life but to keep his self-respect, man is obliged to work, There are, thus, two kind of meaning, negative and positive, in labor. Hegel attempts to accept the positive side of labor in his philosophical system. According to his Ideallsm labor is a medium of the subject and the object. Through 1abor man can overcome his seprateness from nature. By its very nature, labor is the locus of a synthesis of the subjective and the objective. And it is through labor that man becomes to be recognized by others. So Labor is for Hegel the universal link among metal. In "System der Sittlichkeit" (434) Hegel say, "Labor is the universal interaction and education (Bildung) of man. "Hegel also sees the negative side of labor. He emphasizes two points: The complete subordination of the Individual to the abstract labor and the blind and anarchic character of exchange relationships. Man produces not the objects of his own specific needs, but a general product which he can exchange for the concrets objects of his needs. So there appears a universal dependence of each human being on the universality of the producers. This reciprocal satisfaction of needs creates a hiatus between the concrete individual and his particular needs. By working for all, the Individual does not work for himself any more. Social labor necessarily entails alienation. In "Jenenser Realphilosophie I. "(239) Hegel says, "The more worker subjugates his labor, the more powerless he himself becomes.. The value of labor decreases in the same proportion as the productivity of labor increase " Labor thus changes from the self-realigation of the Individual into his self-negation. And the relation between the particular needs and labor takes the form of the Market, but the system of Market moves "hither and yon in a blind and elementary war, and like a wild animal calls for strong permanent control and curbing, " (JenenserReal 1. 240) In this discription the tone ,and pathos of Hegel are very similar with Marx's. Bur while Hegel sees alienation as a necessary aspect of social labor, Marx maintains that alienation is not immanently in the process of labor but on1y in its historical conditions. Therefore for Marx, there exists the possibility of ultimate salvation, but for Hegel one would never be able to overcome completely the alieniation without his mysterious dialectcal Idealism. If Hegel's analysis of labor is right and can he seperated form his system, I believe, the revolution based only on economic relationship would be an exggerration.

STEP을 이용한 異기종 CAD 시스템간의 Modeling 데이터 변환에 관한 연구

원동욱,한복수,명태식 한밭대학교 생산기반기술연구소 2003 생산기반기술연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

A CAD system used in current industry is very various, and is each different in form establishing in a design, interpretation, processing part according to a characteristic of program to need in a company and is on a distribution. It is necessary for to try do an analysis on data exchange between each CAD System in this misgovernment. Let's look into a car, a ship, an aspect of a CAD System using in a representative enterprise of an airplane field. Because a customer enterprise is spending an expensive program to have a great deal of merits in a customer enterprise It will be going to match sub vendors in a program of a customer enterprise, but it draws sub vendors and cannot become a lot of assistances. Therefore, it is the trend that sub enterprises convert the Data which used each other program, and exchange information. It will be heard in various demands and CAD technology to change suddenly, data exchange with an enterprise of a consumer by production, and before a great deal of engineering changes are asked. A great deal of study is necessary on data exchange it is the conversation that a lot of enterprise is mutual, and to be able to play.