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( Halder Joshua Nizel ),( Kang Taek-won ),( Lee Myung-gyu ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-
Most of the biogas centers in Korea produce anaerobic digestate as a byproduct which either sent to wastewater treatment facilities or recycle to liquid fertilizer. Therefore, the adoption of odor-free composting technology for post-processing of digestate would be essential for promoting the safe return of digestate to the farmland, and this requires the quality of digestate to be tested and verified in categories of risk, safety, homogeneity and nutrients. The thermophilic aerobic oxidation (TAO) process (hereinafter, the TAO system) is a technology that composts organic matter such as livestock manure in a short period of time by maintaining a high temperature in an aerobic condition without the use of any external heat source. It is capable of producing enzymes of proven utility and safety by maintaining stable production of heat energy at 50-60°C constantly during high-temperature liquid fermentation of pig slurry. Therefore, TAO system may use to necessary heat energy production, omitting pathogenic microorganisms, eliminating odor-causing ammonia, and could reduce volatile solids and organic materials to stabilize anaerobic digester as liquid fertilizer. In this study it has been tried to evaluate the physiochemical compositions of anaerobic liquids and evaluate internal and external temperature condition changes of the reactor when anaerobic digestate was treated by the TAO system. While treating digestate in TAO reactor the internal temperature of the reactor was reached at 51℃ in 1<sup>st</sup> day and remain till 6<sup>th</sup> days. During the treatment physiochemical compositions of liquids pH increase 8.1 to 9.8 and EC decreased from 29.8 to 12.0 mS/cm. CODcr decreased from 22,654 to 18,843 mg/L which showed about 16.82% of removal efficiency. TN and NH<sub>4</sub>-N decreased from 4,813 to 1,733 mg/L, from 3,815 to 812 mg/L respectively, which showed about 64.0% and 78.7% of removal efficiency respectively.
Halder, D.,Chang, G.E.,De, D.,Cheong, E.,Kim, K.,Shin, I. Current Biology Ltd ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Chemistry & biology Vol.22 No.11
Sox2 is a key player in the maintenance of pluripotency and stemness, and thus inhibition of its function would abrogate the stemness of pluripotent cells and induce differentiation into several types of cells. Herein we describe a strategy that relies on a combination of Sox2 inhibition with lineage-specific induction to promote efficient and selective differentiation of pluripotent P19 cells into neurons. When P19 cells transduced with Skp protein, an inhibitor of Sox2, are incubated with a neurogenesis inducer, the cells are selectively converted into neurons that generate depolarization-induced sodium currents and action potentials. This finding indicates that the differentiated neurons are electrophysiologically active. Signaling pathway studies lead us to conclude that a combination of Skp with the neurogenesis inducer enhances neurogenesis in P19 cells by activating Wnt and Notch pathways. The present differentiation protocol could be valuable to selectively generate functionally active neurons from pluripotent cells.
A Review on Techniques to Control and Mitigate Odors in Swine Facilities
Halder, J. N.,이명규 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.32 No.3
Malodor emission from livestock and manure production facilities is a persistent concern for researchers and farm owners. Intensive livestock production and manure management have gained significant environmental attention; malodorous emissions are also a concern for livestock and human health. Several technologies, methods, and techniques have been developed in an attempt to resolve the concerns associated with malodorous emissions. Malodorous compounds consist of hundreds of chemical compounds; the most common compounds that humans can smell or sense are volatile organic compounds, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile fatty acids. Livestock production houses and manure storage and treatment facilities are key sources of malodorous gas emissions. Livestock feed, the animals themselves, and microbial reactions in the manure are all responsible for malodorous gas generation. The objective of this article is to review the sources of malodorous gas emissions, the common malodorous compounds, and the practices, techniques, and technologies that are used to mitigate the issues related to these emissions.
Synthetic small molecules that induce neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells
Halder, Debasish,Kim, Gun-Hee,Shin, Injae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Molecular bioSystems Vol.11 No.10
<P>An investigation was conducted to demonstrate that neurodazine (Nz) and neurodazole (Nzl), two imidazole-based small molecules, promote neuronal differentiation in both neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells. The results show that differentiated cells generated by treatment with Nz and Nzl express neuron-specific markers. The ability of Nz and Nzl to induce neurogenesis of neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells was found to be comparable to those of the known neurogenic factors, retinoic acid and trichostatin A. In addition, the cells differentiated by Nz and Nzl are observed to express different isoforms of glutamate receptors. The results of signaling pathway studies reveal that two substances enhance neurogenesis in neuroblastoma cells by activating Wnt and Shh signaling pathways and neurogenesis in fibroblast cells by mainly activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Observations made in the present study suggest that Nz and Nzl will serve as chemical tools to generate specific populations of neuronal cells from readily available and simply manageable cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Imidazole-based synthetic small molecules promote neurogenesis in readily available and simply manageable neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5mb00161g'> </P>
Halder, Joshua Nizel,Kim, Soo-Ryang,Kang, Taek-Won,Yabe, Mitsuyasu,Lee, Myung-Gyu FACULTY OF AGRIC PUBLICATIONS-KYUSHU UNIV 2016 Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu Univ Vol. No.
<P>With the ongoing growth of liquid manure production, it was necessary to build a proper certification system to check the fertilizer and pollutant qualities of manure fertilizer. The certification criteria of fertilizer and pollutant properties have been developed, but no certification method has been developed for testing the maturity of liquid manure fertilizer until now. Meanwhile, the germination index is a well known parameter when measuring the maturity of fertilizer. Several methods are advised for measuring the germination of compost based fertilizer. Until now, there was no specific method for certifying or performing a germination index test for liquid fertilizers. In this study, the ordinary germination index (GI) or Solid fertilizer germination Index (SFGI) is performed for 23 solid composted fertilizers to evaluate the method's applicability when the average SFGI count is 137. However, when this method is applied to 26 liquid anaerobic manures, the average SFGI count was 22, with germination only happening for eight samples. When the LFGI method was applied for the same samples, the average LFGI count was 30 with 10 germinated samples. LFGI was applied to 66 liquid aerobic manure fertilizers that had mechanical maturity tests and were classified as 22 matured, 25 semi matured, and 19 immature samples. The average LFGI results were 90 for matured samples, 25 for semi matured, and 5 for immature. This study focused on finding a proper and acceptable germination index testing method to examine the maturity of liquid manure fertilizer.</P>
Halder, Sukanta,Kotturu, Janardhana,Agarwal, Pramod,Srivastava, Satya Prakash The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.2
This paper presents a capacitor voltage balancing topology using a three-level boost converter (TLBC) for a neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level inverter fed surface permanent magnet synchronous motor drive (SPMSM). It enhanced the performance of the drive in terms of its voltage THD and torque pulsation. The main attracting feature of the proposed control is the boosting of the input voltage and at the same time the balancing of the capacitor voltages. This control also reduces the computational complexity. For the purpose of close loop vector control, a software based cost effective resolver to digital converter RDC-less estimation is implemented to calculate the speed and position. The proposed drive is simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and an experimental investigation using dSPACE DS1104 validates the proposed drive system at different operating condition.
Halder, Joshua Nizel,Kang, Taek-Won,Yabe, Mitsuyasu,Lee, Myung-Gyu FACULTY OF AGRIC PUBLICATIONS-KYUSHU UNIV 2017 Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu Univ Vol. No.
<P>The increasing need for liquid fertilizers along with the high production and treatment rate of swine manure pose a great concern in regard to the quality control and certification of fertilizers rapidly produced. In this study, 66 liquid manure samples were collected from national livestock manure co recycling centers. These 66 samples were tested and classified into three categories based on Liquid Fertilizer Germination Index (LFGI). In addition, the physiochemical parameters of manure specimens were tested, including pH, NaCl, total sulfur (TS), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K), and electrical conductivity (EC). EC had a positive correlation with TN (0.879), NH4-N (0.816), K (0.693), and NaCl (0.625) with a significance of p < 0.01 but a negative correlation with LFGI (-0.719). This study demonstrated that EC could be used as an indicator in rapid testing methods for quality control to certify the maturity level of liquid manure fertilizers.</P>
Halder, Tanmoy,Karforma, Sunil,Mandal, Rupali Korea Information Processing Society 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.2
In order to protect secret digital documents against vulnerabilities while communicating, steganography algorithms are applied. It protects a digital file from unauthorized access by hiding the entire content. Pixel-value-difference being a method from spatial domain steganography utilizes the difference gap between neighbor pixels to fulfill the same. The proposed approach is a block-wise embedding process where blocks of variable size are chosen from the cover image, therefore, a stream of secret digital contents is hidden. Least significant bit (LSB) substitution method is applied as an adaptive mechanism and optimal pixel adjustment process (OPAP) is used to minimize the error rate. The proposed application succeeds to maintain good hiding capacity and better signal-to-noise ratio when compared against other existing methods. Any means of digital communication specially e-Governance applications could be highly benefited from this approach.