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정경세(鄭經世)·이준(李埈)의 소재관(穌齋觀) -정경세(鄭經世)의 비판적 흡수론과 이준(李埈)의 계승적 변호론을 중심으로 -
김학수 ( Kim Hak-su ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2019 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.71
조선의 통치 이념은 朱子學이었고, 그 주자학은 사상적 획일성 또는 純血性에 집착하는 과정에서 ‘權力’이 되었다. 이 배타적 권력의 이념적 통제의 감각 장치는 불교·도교 등 여타 敎學 체계는 물론 유학 내부로까지 깊숙하게 침투하여 작동하였다. 그 선봉에 그들에 의해 ‘동방의 주자’로 예칭되었던 이황이 嚴峻하게 자리하고 있었다. 노수신의 학문은 刻苦의 산물이었지만 그 내용은 질실했고, 그 쓰임은 輔君·經世를 목표로 했다. 그러나 그의 학문은 16세기 중엽 조선 학계의 宗主 李滉으로부터 배척을 받았고, 그 배척은 하나의 烙印이 되어 이황 의 후학들에게 대물림되었다. 이 글은 같은 퇴계연원이었지만 盧守愼에 대한 인식은 사뭇 달랐던 정경세와 이준의 시선을 ‘비판적 흡수론’과 ‘계승적 변호론’으로 분절하여 검토한 것이다. 이성형제로까지 일컬어졌던 두 사람은 노수신에 관한 사안에서만큼은 왜 더없이 긴장했던 것일까? 그것은 주자학 또는 퇴계학의 純血性을 강조했던 권위론과 작은 허물보다는 큰 성과에 착목해야함을 역설했던 절충론의 충돌에서 기인했고, 17세기 초반 영남학계는 후자를 결코 용인하지 않았다. 절충론 내지 변호론의 좌절은 이황의 권위에 대한 숙임의 과정이었고, 그 종착점은 퇴계학의 권력화였다. The governing ideology of Joseon was Neo-Confucianism, and it became "power" in the process of obsessing over ideological uniformity or pure blood. This sense of the ideological control of exclusive power penetrated deeply into other systems of education and scholarship, such as Buddhism and Taoism, as well as into the Neo-Confucianism. At the vanguard, Yi Hwang, who was given the title of honor as ‘Zhu Xi in the East’, stayed solemnly. No Su-sin’s studies were a product of a great deal of effort but the contents were simple and sincere, and the use of his studies were aimed at aiding the king and the statecraft. However, his studies were ostracized by Yi Hwang, the scholarly forefather of the late 16th century Joseon. and this exclusion was branded passed on to Yi Hwang’s younger scholars. The article is based on two different viewpoints of Jeong Gyeong-se and Yi Jun, both who have their origin in Toegye studies―critical absorption theory of Jeong Gyeong-se and successional defense theory of Yi Jun. Why were the two men, who were even referred to as brothers, so nervous about the issue of No Su-sin? It was due to the clash of authority that emphasized the purity of Neo-Confucianism or Toegye studies and the compromise which stressed the need for great achievement rather than small ruin and the Yeongnam School of the early 17th century never tolerated the latter. The breakdown of theory of compromise or defense was the process of submission to Yi Hwang’s authority, and its end point was the thriving of Toegye studies.
오수학 서울대학교 체육연구소 2000 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.21 No.1
Scores from different tests that measure a same trait can not be used interchangeably since the tests are not equally difficult. Equating is considered as one of the methods that make interchangeability of test scores possible. The purpose of this study was to equate two psychomotor tests using item response theory (IRT). The propose of this study was to equate two psychomotor tests using IRT. Participants in this study were 197 college students (91 males and 106 females) enrolled in fitness classes. The Poisson counts model was used to estimate item parameters for the revised push-up test and the Baumgartner modified pull-up test. Overall, The model has fitted data well. The IRT equating yielded stable results. There is a need to continue investigating IRT models that can be applied to psychomotor data. and to conduct equating studies using different types of psychomotor tests.
LCC 技法을 利用한 리모델링 및 再建築 對象 水原市 地域 5層 共同住宅의 經濟性 分析에 關한 事例硏究
김학길,윤승현,김용수 대한건축학회 2005 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.21 No.2
The object of this study is to analyze the economic efficiency of apartment buildings subjected to remodeling and reconstruction using life cycle costing technique in Suwon-city. The research method involves to investigate and analyze data regarding remodeling and reconstruction of three apartment buildings in Suwon-city. The results of this study are as follows: 1) the economic efficiency of reconstruction is better than that of remodeling. 2) as the maintenance period is extended, the gab between the profit of reconstruction and remodeling decreases.
건축구조물 붕괴사고의 사고원인 및 프로젝트 진행 단계별 문제점 분석에 관한 연구
김학길,이인영,김용수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2
The objective of this study is to analyze the causes of building collapse accidents and the problems of each phase of project process in domestic construction projects. The research method involves statistical data analysis and case studies of accidents. Based on the case studies, causes and problems involved in each project phase have been suggested.
변학수 한국뷔히너학회 2003 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.20 No.-
Diese Studie versucht die Andersartigkeit des Schreibens in deutschen und koreanischen literarischen Texten auf die Kultur zuru¨ckzufu¨hren. Daru¨berhinaus wird diskutiert, ob ein normbildender Kulturakt hinter diesem pha¨nomenologischen Schreibakt steht. Der Charakter des deutschen Schreibstils zeigt deutlich die Innerlichkeit, die in den Augen eines koreanischen Lesers - teilweise auch bei Deutschen selbst - wie ein literarisch gekleideter Zeitungsartikel oder das Bekenntnis eines Gla¨ubigen. dieser Charakter stammt meiner Ansicht nach aus der deutschen Tradition des literarischen Protesantismus bzw. der Innerlichkeit, die sich auf die Sprache der 2. Ha¨lfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. zuru¨ckfu¨hren la¨sst, in der die Anfa¨nge des deutschen Geistes" liegen. Innen" oder Innerlichkeit" bezeichnet die Kra¨fte, Erlebnisse und Bewegungen der Seele oder, wie das 18. Jahrhundert sagte, des Gemu¨tes, des Herzens, des Gefu¨hls, die in der AuBenwelt nicht direkt sichtbar und greifbar sind. Solche Aufrichtigkeit des sogenannten deutschen Schreibstils ist typisch in der deutschen Literatur: Eduard Mo¨rike, Heinrich von kleist, Goethe, Thomas Bernhard, Elfriede Jelinek, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, Georg Bu¨chner etc. So kann man schlicht sagen, dass die deutsche Literatur eine positive und innere Einheit bildet, und diese Einheit durch das Verha¨ltnis zur christlichen Religion erzeugt wird, vor allem zu deren mystischen, protestantischen und pietistischen Richtungen. Keine andere geistige Haltung hat das deutsche Schreiben so nachhaltig betimmt wie die Religiosita¨t - also nicht das rhetorische Stilideal und Sinnenfreuden, wie das Schreiben in anderen europa¨ischen La¨ndern. Im Gegensatz dazu beschreibt das koreanische Schreiben eine andere Seite. Es beschreibt mit rhetorischen Mitteln die zu harmonisierende AuBenwelt der konguzianistischen Sittenwelt. Das Schreiben verpflichtet sich in der rhetorischen Gestalt zu einer sittlichen Aufgabe. Da ein Gedanke durch die Rhetorik eng ans Bild gebunden ist, ist es fu¨r den koreanischen Leser schwer, aus dem Wald der Rhetorik das Innen zu retten. Daher kann man im koreanischen Leser schwer, aus dem Wald der Rhetorik das lnnen zu retten. Daher kann man im koreanischen Schreiben selten eine Innenerfahrung erwarten, die bei deutschen Schriftstellem und Lesem die Nachahmung musikalischer Stimmungen, die Berufung auf unmittelbare innere Erfahrung, die Andeutung des Unsagbaren, die ironische Brechung der Bilder usw. ermo¨glicht. Aus dem Beschreiben der AuBenwelt entsteht die Rhetorik, aus der man die Unterhaltungsfa¨higkeit gewinnt. Aus dem gesagten ist zu schliessen, dass das Schreiben selbst Medium kultureller Selbstauslegung ist, deren Horizont die Alterita¨t der Kulturen bildet. Es ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die anthropologische Wende des Schreibens zu befo¨rdem. Im weiteren Sinne ist das Schreiben ein Akt der Kultur, solange diese eine eigene Praxis der Bedeutung produziert. In einem globalen Zeitalter ist es immer wichtig, den lokalen, oft widerspru¨chlichen Handlungs-, Ereignis- und Textzusammenha¨ngen nachzugehen, statt sich mit einfachen literarischen Zeichen zufrieden zu geben.
오수학,김병준 한국스포츠심리학회 2002 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.13 No.3
타당도는 심리측정도구의 고유속성을 나타내는 것이 아니라, 자료 해석의 적절성, 적합성 및 의미성의 정도를 의미한다. 본 논문은 이러한 타당도의 새로운 개념이 무엇인지를 전통적인 개념과 비교하여 설명하고, 새로운 개념을 활용한 심리측정도구와 타당화 절차 및 검증방법을 소개하는데 목적이 있다. 타당도의 새로운 개념은 단일성, 통합성, 다양성 등의 특성을 나타내며 전통적인 타당도의 개념을 부인한다. 심리측정도구를 개발할 때 새로운 개념을 적용하여 이전 보다 더욱 강력한 타당화 절차와 검증 방법들이 동원될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 타당도 개념을 반영한 삼단계 타당화프로그램을 제시하였다. 이어서 새로운 도구의 개발, 한국어 번역판 도구의 개발, 원본 도구의 변형 사용의 세 가지 유형에 따라 어떠한 타당화 검증방법을 적용해야 하는가를 논의하였다. The purposes of this study were (a) to introduce new concept of validity and (b) to suggest some guidelines so that researchers effectively implement its concept for developing psychological assessment instruments in sport science. The traditional concept of validity is known as content, construct, and criterion-related validity, whereas new concept of validity is not considered separate and distinct forms. That is, the varieties of validity evidence are not alternative but supplemented. Validity is not the property of an instrument but rather the meaning of test scores. There are different types of inferences for validity from test scores, but not types of validity. In this paper, the validation procedure was outlined to help researchers to develop new, translated, and modified sport psychological measures with sound evidence of validity.
조경분야의 이용후평가 적용모델과 그 가능성에 관한 연구
김학범,장동수,김정태 안성산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.29 No.2
The purpose of this study is to present a process model and outline of steps of POE that can be applied to outdoor open space, to review some POEs of urban parks(Yangjae Forest Park, Namsankol Park, and Paris Park) in Seoul Korea, and to offer some suggestions to landscape architects. This paper is organized as follows; The next section reviews the history of papers written about urban park and green space, and finds put the trend and context of some POE papers. Section 3 explains the method and technics of POE survey and purposes a POE process model. Section 4 studies restrains and possibilities in applying POE into landscape architecture by reviewing some POEs of urban parks in Seoul. And last section summarizes the findings of this study and offers some suggestions applying POE into landscape architecture.
공침법에 의해 제조된 압전 세라믹(PZT)의 유전 및 압전특성
박정학,이수호,사공 건 東亞大學校 大學院 1995 大學院論文集 Vol.20 No.-
In this paper, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of piezocermics(PZT) made by coprecipitation method and metal oxide method were investigated. At and over pH 8 coprecipitates were obtained. The particle size of PZT powders obtained by coprecipitation method was about 0.1(μm). It's shape was spherical and fine grain. The sintering temperature was lowered about 150(℃) than that of conventional metal oxide mettled since fine grained particle was obtained. By preparing piezoceramics PZT by the coprecipitation method, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were improved in comparision with that of conventional metal oxide method. In particular, the best results obtained by both methods were shown at Zr/Ti composition ratio 52/48.