두경부 편평세포암에서 형질전환 성장인자-알파(TGF-α)의 발현에 관한 연구

도남용,이승학,김완수,김경일,이동용,김용기,최봉남 조선의대 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

아치 리브를 따라 작용하는 등분포 하중을 받는 포물선 아치 리브의 비탄성 면내좌굴 강도

윤기용,문지호,김성훈,이학은,Yoon. Ki-Yong,Moon. Ji-Ho,Kim. Sung-Hoon,Lee. Hak-Eun 한국방재학회 2005 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.5 No.1

포물선 아치 리브는 원형 아치 리브와 더불어 실무에 폭넓게 적용되고 있는 아치 형상이다. 원형 아치 리브의 비탄성 면내 거동에 관한 연구는 1990년대 Trahair(1996)를 중심으로 연구가 진행되었으며, Yong-Lin Pi와 Bradford(2004)에 의하여 최근까지 연구가 활발히 진행 되고 있다. 포물선 아치 리브의 비탄성 면내 거동에 관한 연구는 일본의 연구자(Sinke, Kuranishi)을 중심으로 1970년대 후반부터 1980년대 초반에 이르기까지 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 이러한 포물선 아치 리브에 관한 일본에서의 연구는 대부분 라이즈비가 <TEX>$0.1{\sim}0.2$</TEX>에 국한 되어있다. 본 연구에서는 비탄성 유한요소해석을 이용하여 라이즈비가 0.1에서 0.4에 이르는 박스형태의 단면을 갖는 포물선 아치 리브의 면내 거동에 관하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 라이즈비가 증가할수록 아치 단면에 휨모멘트가 증가하였으며, 압축력이 수직 등분포 하중을 받는 포물선 아치 리브의 면내 좌굴 안정성에 미치는 영향은 감소하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서는 아치 리브를 따라 작용하는 수직등분포 하중을 받는 포물선 아치의 좌굴 곡선을 제안하였다. Parabolic arch ribs are widely used in practical. In case of circular arch ribs. Inelastic in-plane buckling behaviors were investigated by Trahair(1996). Recently Yong-lin Pi & Bradford(2004) investigated about in-plane design equation for circular arch ribs. In <TEX>$1970{\sim}1980$</TEX>. In-plane buckling strength about parabolic arch ribs were studied by some japan researchers (Sinke, Kuranishi). Study results of Sinke & kuranishi are only valid for rise-span ratio <TEX>$0.1{\sim}0.2$</TEX>. In this paper. The researchers investigated about in-plane inelastic buckling behaviors of parabolic arch ribs having rise-span ratio from 0.1 to 0.4. From the results. When the rise-span ratio increase, flexural moments increase and influence of axial force to in-plane buckling strength decrease. Finally, buckling curves for parabolic arch ribs subjected distributed loading along the axis were suggested.

급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

비구조적 퍼지 의사결정지원시스템을 활용한 건설재해 예방대책에 관한 연구

이용준,정성춘,이학기 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.27 No.2

The hazard factors in building construction project are various and their bad effects with regard to project's efficiency are increasing due to its enlargement and complexity. However. the assessment of the construction safety is commonly dependent upon the statistical and historical information. since the existing systematic tool assisting to the effective decision making for estimating the safety prior to construction phase is inaccurate. In addition. it is true that there are the various difficulties to analyze and diagnosis the construction safety with the probabilistic approach. because there are the many vague factors and limited resources. Therefore. the purpose of this research is to provide the way to establish the efficient preventable countermeasure against the hazard factors. corresponding to the category of the hazard characteristic. by using non-structural fuzzy decision support system for diagnosing effectively the construction project safety.

번역의 제한성 관한 의미론적 분석

백용학 동아대학교 문과대학 영어영문학과 1985 동아영어영문학 Vol.1 No.-

태권도 경기의 공격형태 분석

김학덕,지용석 연세대학교 체육연구소 2002 체육연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 태권도 경기의 공격형태인 선제공격과 역습공격이 각 체급별 발차기의 선제공격과 역습공격에 따른 특징을 조사 분석함으로써 향후 태권도의 득점유형 분석과 차등점수제의 유용성을 찾고자 최선의 노력을 하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 1999년 추계대학 태권도 대회와 2000년 국방부 장관배 태권도 대회에 참가한 선수들 중 각 체급별 8강에 진출한 선수를 대상으로 분석한 결과, 체급별 선제공격 유형 총 215점의 공격득점 중에서 앞돌려차기(중단)이 102점, 앞돌려차기(빠른발)이 58점, 나래차기(중단)이 21점, 앞돌려차기(상단)이 10점 순으로 나타났고, 체급별 역습공격 유형 총 222점의 역습득점 중에서 앞돌려차기(중단)이 125점, 점프뒤옆차기가 58점, 나래차기(중단)이 35점, 기타 7점 순으로 나타났다. 체급에 따른 선제공격과 역습공격 득점을 비교 분석한 결과 선제공격보다 역습공격이 승패에 근소한 영향을 미친다. 특히, 선제공격에 있어서는 앞돌려차기(중단)이 66점, 앞돌려차기(빠른발)이 40점, 내려차기(중단)이 15점으로 전체 선제공격 득점의 87.68%를 차지하였으며, 역습공격에서는 앞돌려차기(중단)이 96점, 점프뒤옆차기가 32점, 나래차기(중단)이 22점으로 전체 역습공격 득점의 90.36%를 차지하고 있다. 승패에 따른 선제공격과 역습공격 유형의 t-검증 결과 득점수가 높은 앞돌려차기(중단)과 앞돌려차기(빠른발)에서는 유의수준 .05에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 그리고 역습공격 유형의 t-검증 결과 득점수가 높은 앞돌려차기(중단)과 점프뒤옆차기에서는 유의수준 .05에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉 승리한 선수의 경우 패배한 선수에 비해 선제공격에서는 앞돌려차기(중단)과 앞돌려차기(빠른발)의 선제공격으로 보다 많은 득점을 올렸음을 알수 있고, 역습공격은 득점수가 높은 앞돌려차기(중단)과 점프뒤옆차기에서 보다 많은 득점을 올렸음을 알 수 있다. 결과적으로 선제공격과 역습공격에서 단순화된 공격을 보이고 있으며, 정교한 발차기와 난이도가 높은 발차기 보다 빠르고 정확하며 동작의 흐트러짐이 적은 형태를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로의 과제는 이러한 단순화된 형태에서 스포츠적인 흥미와 보다 높은 득점력의 향상을 위해 난이도가 높은 기술과 난이도가 낮은 기술의 종합적인 발차기의 개발이 필요하다. 또한 점수제도의 문제점을 개선하여 보다 합리적이며 누구나 즐길 수 있는 대중 스포츠로서의 자리매김도 중요하다. 다음 연구에서 보다 심층적이며 전문화된 수준의 발차기 기술의 개발을 토대로 일선 지도자와 선수들의 경기력 향상이 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to increase the competitiveness of Taekondo game by investigating and analyzing primary attack and counter attack kicking patterns of each weight during Taekwondo competition. The subjects of this study were half-semi final in each weight of 1999 autumn University federation championships and 2000 military secretary championships Taekwondo competition. The results showed that in the case of primary attack, front round house kick (middle) scores 102 points, round house kick (fast foot) 58 points, narea kick(middle) 21 points, and round house kick(top) 10 points of total 215 scores, and in the case of counter attack, round house (middle) scores 125 points, jump bakc side kick 58 points, narea kick(middle) 35 points and 7 points in etc. Comparison results of primary attack point and counter attack point in each weight shows that counter attack have more effect on victory and defeat. Especially, in the case of primary attack, round house kick's(middle) 66 points, round house kick's 40 points and ax kick's(middle) 15 points occupied 87.68 percents of total primary attack while, in the case of counter attack, round house kick's(middle) 96 points, jump back side kick's 32 points, and narae kick's (middle) 22 points occupied 90.36 percents of total counter attack. T-test showed there was significant difference in .05 significant level between victory and defeat in primary attack and counter attack. Especially, in the case of primary attack, round house kick(middle), and round house kick(front-fast foot) which occupied higher percent of score were significantly different. T-test result of counter attack pattern according to winning and defeat showed significant difference in round house kick(middle), and jump back side kick which occupied higher percent of score(p<.05). These results indicate that the winner usually scores with round house kick(middle). and round house kick(fast foot) in primary attack and round house kick and jump back side kick in counter attack. To summarize, the Taekwondo player prefer fast, precise, and self motion regulative kick to high level kick during primary attack and counter attack. Further, study must be done on the focus of increasing excitement factors of sports and developing high level kicking technique to eliminate simplicity and boring factor of Taewondo competition. Scoring system of Taekwondo competition also must be reformed reasonably. It is the way to be populous sport.

화용론적 관점에서의 문학적 담화분석

백용학 동아대학교 문과대학 영어영문학과 1987 동아영어영문학 Vol.3 No.-

The speech act theory is originally derived from J.L. Austin who classified every utterance of human language as the locutionary act, the illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act. His locutionary act consists of the phonetic component, the grammatical component, and the semantic component, which include so-called constatives such as describing, reporting, and ture-false sentences. His illocutionary act is based on the performative sentence, and felicity or appropriate conditions between the speaker and the hearer. His illocutionary acts are divided into five categories: Verdictives, Exercitives, Commissives, Behabitives, and Exprositives. His individuation of the illocutionary force, however, is too ambiguous because his classification has no clear distinction between the categories of illocutionary acts. That's why John R. Searle revised Austin's speech act theory. He devised the "direct of fit" theory for the explanation of illocutionary acts : (a) The word-to-world direction of fit (b) The world-to-word direction of fit (c) The double direction of fit (d) The null or empty direction of fit. For the theoretical validity, he also used the syntactic analysis of illocutionary acts which included the constative as well as performative sentence. He restricted his illocutionary acts to five categories like J.L. Austin's Representative, Directives, Expressives, Commissives, and Declaratives. He holds that every utterance conists of the illocutionary force indicator and the indicator of the propositional content : The cat is on the mat (F : Stating(P)). Unfortunately, his illocutionary verbs are overlapped between acts ; the illocutionary verb 'swear' sometimes belongs to the Commnissive act, and other times it is in the field of the Representative act, which proves his illocutionary acts are not suitable enough to be the instrument for the analysis of literary discourse. As far as one is concerned, literary discourse belongs to the macro-speech act different from the speech activities in the real life. It means that the speech act theory, especially the illocutionary acts for stylistics require more concrete and sophiscated taxonomy and criteria. I propose the illocutionary classification for the stylistics of literary discourse as follows : (a) Expositives, (b) Status Fixers, (c) Future Directors, (d) Responsibility Establishers, and (e) Executors ; each gorup branches into eighteen categories such as (a) Attesters, Sequencers, Positioners, Emphatics, Queries (b) Verdictives, Operatives (c) Influencers, Commissive, Exhortations, Wishes, Conditionals, (d) Ascribers, lmplicators (e) Assigners, Receivers, Ceremonials, Aligners. Literary discourse has compound illocutionary forces with thr primary and the secondary illocutionary ones. For the individuation of illocutionary forces, I used Fotion's Master speech act theory which main force commands the subordinate one. Insofar as illocutionary force is definable within the commanding theory of illocution, each discourse cac have exactly one illocutionary force. I attempted to posit the underlying assumptions that each classification must possess in order for a particualr illocutionary force to be successfully realized an illocutionary act, i.e., a force in contextual use.

文構造상으로 본 誤謬産出 模型에 관한 硏究 : 英語習得을 中心으로

白龍鶴 東亞大學校 大學院 1981 大學院論文集 Vol.5 No.-

A learner's syntactical errors in language acquisition are significant in that they provide the reseatcher with the evidence how language is learned or acquired. The attempt to improve commonly understandable errors and practical suggestions will prove useful to colleuaes tho teach as well as to those who talk and write about teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the errors of native English speaking children in process of their growth, to analyze and classify them within the limits of so-called morphological errors of omission, substitution and addition and, to prevent Korean students from producing the language errors in learning the target language, as a result of this. The analysis and classification of native speaking children's errors are as follows: (a) Analytic stage The only utterance of 'mama' can be translated into a lot of meanings such as 1) mama comes here 2) I'm hungry 3) many other menaings in which they commit errors of substitution from the syntactical point of view. (b) Syntactic stage Their utterance consist of two words called Pivot and Open grammar. 1) light on. → lights is on. (omission) 2) Baby chair. → Baby is on the chair. (omission) (c) Structural and stylistic stage. 1) Count a buttoms. (addition) Turn it off the light. He is going up in the ladder. 2) No write this name. (substitution) It fell in sand box. Mommy sit down uh table. 3) I φ making a cakes. (omission) Mommy try φ it. φ Nose hurt you. Theses errors are due to the lack of children's mental ability, that is to say, the partial analysis of the language or cognitive tendencies of mind, the lack of imitation ability and mental opposition to the use of redundant features of the language. Though each child is exposed to a different sample of the language, he arrives at the same grammar in a brief span of time. In other words, most of children produce almost the same syntactical errors, which will slowly disappear in the development of their growth. Their errors have regularity in language acquisition: No fish. →That no fish. →That's not fish. →That's not a fish. These results of linguistic properties come from their competence of rule-internalization. These are logical in libited linguistic system within which children operate but surely leatn to produce what is acceptable in his native language.

濟州地域 無線通信網 構成에 關한 硏究

李鎔鶴 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

濟州道의 無線通信網 構成은 道內 全地域 通信網을 有ㆍ無線二元化하기 爲한 網構成에 關한 改善策의 方案을 提示하였으며, 濟州道의 國際觀光地化에 따른 必要한 새로운 通信서어비스를 來道 觀光客에게 迅速, 正確하게 提供할 수 있도록 通信網을 構成하였다. 또한 無線中繼所의 位置를 2地点 選定하여 散在하여 있는 道內 모든 無線通信施設을 이곳에 設置하여 自然毁損의 防止를 할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to draw up a plan for duality of wire and radio telecommunication networks in Jeju-do. This paper also constitutes the radio telecommunication networks which offer visitors new telecommunication service in accordance with the international tourist attraction in Jeju-do.