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Intelligent design of retaining wall structures under dynamic conditions
Haiqing Yang,Mohammadreza Koopialipoor,Danial Jahed Armaghani,Behrouz Gordan,Majid Khorami,M.M. Tahir 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.31 No.6
The investigation of retaining wall structures behavior under dynamic loads is considered as one of important parts for designing such structures. Generally, the performance of these structures is under the influence of the environment conditions and their geometry. The aim of this research is to design retaining wall structures based on smart and optimal systems. The use of accuracy and speed to assess the structures under different conditions is one of the important parts sought by designers. Therefore, optimal and smart systems are able to have better addressing these problems. Using numerical and coding methods, this research investigates the retaining wall structure design under different dynamic conditions. More than 9500 models were constructed and considered for modelling design. These designs include height and thickness of the wall, soil density, rock density, soil friction angle, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) variables. Accordingly, a neural network system was developed to establish an appropriate relationship between data to obtain safety factor (SF) of retaining walls under different seismic conditions. Different parameters were analyzed and the effect of each parameter was assessed separately. According to these analyses, the structure optimization was performed to increase the SF values. The optimal and smart design showed that under different PGA conditions, the structure performance can be appropriately improved while utilization of the initial (or basic) parameters leads to the structure failure. Therefore, by increasing accuracy and speed, smart methods could improve the retaining structure performance in controlling the wall failure. The intelligent design process of this study can be applied to some other civil engineering applications such as slope stability.
Haiqing Yang,Fang Liu,Shaoze Lin 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.2
Complex tunneling process will inevitably result in varying degrees of ground movements. Prediction of ground movements is an essential part of planning, design and construction of a tunneling project. To address the predicting difficulty of ground movement, a correction parameter is introduced to the traditional ground movement solution both under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions on basis of the principle of conservation of ground loss. And the surface settlement caused by radial contraction of tunnel under different buried depth and excavation length, and induced by the action of building are studied through a series of model experiments. The experimental results show that the settlement value of any point along the middle line of the tunnel, is only about 50% of the measured value, which verify the necessity for correcting the tradition solutions. In addition, the applicability of the modified solution for different buried depth of tunnel axis under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions is also verified. Considering the uneven load distribution in the underlying soil caused by building load, we also introduced a load correction parameter and compared the modified solutions with the elastic analysis solution and the Peck formula. The comparison indicates that the modified solutions of two dimensions and three dimensions are more consistent with the experimental results, especially for the 3D surface settlement solution with large excavation length. And according to the results, the modified solution is more suitable to analyzing the surface settlement under the action of building load than previous modification, which further confirms the correction solutions to be an improvement to a close-form solution for ground surface settlement.
Haiqing Nan,Choi, K. IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. a publi Vol.59 No.7
<P>In this paper, three high performance, low cost and robust latches (referred to as HLR, HLR-CG1, and HLR-CG2) are proposed in 45 nm CMOS technology. The proposed latches are completely insensitive to transient faults at their internal nodes and output node independent of the size and technology of the CMOS transistor. The proposed latches tolerate transient faults regardless of the energy of the striking particle. The proposed latches offer faster speed, higher reliability to transient faults with lower costs regarding power and area than most of the latches recently proposed in the literature. The proposed designs demonstrate that the power-delay-product benefit is 13 times on average compared to previous robust latches including standard latch.</P>
Experimental Study on Cyclic Lateral Loaded Circular CFST Members with Initial Imperfections
Haiqing Zhu,Hang Zhang,Linshuang Liu 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.8
To study the influence of an initial imperfection on the cyclic performance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) members, twelve specimens were cast with different notch lengths, notch widths, notch orientations and notch locations. These specimens were implemented in a lateral quasi-static test, and the test details, damage modes, load-deflection responses and strain histories were detailed and recorded. The measured and theoretical equivalent elastic flexural stiffness, displacement ductility coefficient, maximum lateral load, and measured and theoretical bending capacity of all the specimens were collected and analysed. The research results showed that all specimens mainly experienced flexural damage with different damage levels. Good agreement was observed between the measured and theoretical elastic flexural stiffness as well as the bending capacity for the intact specimens (specimen 1 and specimen 2). The mid-span notch weakened the equivalent elastic flexural stiffness, displacement ductility and flexural capacity of the CFST specimens. Furthermore, a horizontal mid-span notch resulted in greater impact on the specimen behaviour than a vertical notch or a quarter-span notch, an observation that deserves particular attention.
Electrochemical degradation of phenol on the La and Ru doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes
Haiqing Xu,Yue-Ming Sun,Ai-Ping Li,Qi Qi,Wei Jiang 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.9
La and Ru doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It confirmed that the surface of the La and Ru doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes presents a certain microspherical structure formed by aggregates of nanoparticles, which increases the specific area greatly and provides more active sites. The enhanced performance of the La and Ru doped electrodes arose from the increased adsorption capacity of hydroxyl radicals. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed an improvement of the electrochemical capacity for the La and Ru doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes. The electrochemical oxidation performance of the prepared electrode was further studied using phenol as a model pollutant. UV scans revealed that both phenol and its intermediate products are more rapidly decomposed, especially in the early stage of oxidation on the La and Ru doped electrodes. The removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 86.4% and 82.1% on the Ti/SnO2-Sb-La and Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ru electrodes, respectively, which were higher than that on the SnO2-Sb/Ti electrode (60.1%). The doped electrodes are demonstrated to have superior electrochemical oxidation ability for phenol.
Accumulated Error Correction of Strip Stereo Models Connection withoput GCPs
Haiqing He,Xiaoyong Chen,Penggen Cheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.3
The commonly used accumulated error correction of strip stereo models connection need a number of GCPs(Ground Control Points), which is unsuitable for low-altitude photogrammetry with a large number of images. In this paper, a novel approach of accumulated error correction of strip stereo models connection without GCPs was proposed. The accumulated error is adjusted by changing reference image and nonlinear polynomial method. Firstly the middle image of a strip is used as reference image. Then the accumulated error of baseline parameters are adjusted by inverse distance weighted method. Finally the rotation angles of relative orientation are adjusted by polynomial formula between the fitted angles and ideal statistics. Experimental results show that the approach is effective and practical, and can significantly reduce the distortion and accumulated error of model connection, may be suitable to implement strip aerial triangulation in low-altitude photogrammetry.
Haiqing Liu,Licai Yang,Sijing Ding,Yunfeng Shi 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.7 No.6
Differing from the physical connectivity of the topology structure, the logical connectivity of VANET considers both the interior network configuration and the external communication environment. Hence, the traditional mathematical analysis and modeling methods which are usually used in physical connectivity research are no longer suitable for the logical connectivity prediction. Taking the AODV protocol as an example, this paper simulates the effects of different road traffic parameters on logical connectivity probability and selects three main effect factors, roadway length, vehicle number and vehicle speed. Furthermore, the inner relation between the logical connectivity and the three road traffic parameters is studied based on data mining technique and then two logical connectivity prediction models are presented, the nonlinear regression-based model and the extreme learning machine-based model. Simulation results show that the two models are both with high accuracy in predicting the network logical connectivity under different road traffic environments.
TDDB Monitoring and Compensation Circuit Design for Deeply Scaled CMOS Technology
Haiqing Nan,Kyuwon Choi IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on device and materials reliabil Vol.13 No.1
<P>In this paper, a time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) compensation method with two TDDB monitoring circuits for reliable designs is proposed in 32-nm CMOS technology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no TDDB compensation method or TDDB monitoring circuits proposed before. The proposed TDDB monitoring circuits are referred to as soft breakdown (SBD) monitoring circuit and hard breakdown (HBD) monitoring circuit, which generate a fixed output pattern when severe SBD or HBD occurs. Based on the output of the monitoring circuits, the TDDB compensation method is proposed to completely overcome severe performance degradation and functionality failure due to SBD and HBD. The effectiveness and design costs of the proposed designs are evaluated using ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits.</P>
Haiqing Bai,Wang Qin,Shikui Jia,Li Ren,Yiwei An,Jun Bao 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.10
Considering the problems faced by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing equipment, including limited consumables choices and unstable extrusion rate as well as difficult prints precision control, etc., a new type of 3D printing molding equipment was designed following the current screw extrusion technology combined with 3D printing molding mechanism. Also, the optimal matching relation between the rotational speed of the screw, which is the core of the equipment, and the feed rate of the nozzle was determined. The POLYFLOW, the software of finite element numerical simulation, was employed for analyzing the performance of the screw module under different working conditions. The result revealed that the outlet fluid pressure derived from the theoretical calculation (1.48 MPa) was close to the simulation value of 1.51 MPa, and the volumetric flow rate at the outlet derived from theoretical calculation 3.51 × 10 –8 (m 3 /s) was close to the value obtained from simulation (3.18 × 10 –8 (m 3 /s). Those findings indicated that the material could be extruded at a constant output rate; with the increase of the screw lead size, the pressure build-up capacity of screw improved, and the pressure fluctuation and velocity change became more intensive; therefore, the lead within the range of 24 ~ 36 mm should be the suitable choice for the application in actual production; the reduction of the rational speed resulted a lower shear rate, therefore, the screw rotational speed should be optimized within the reasonable range of 8 ~ 15r/min ( N max ~ N min ) and the feed rate of nozzle should be selected within the range of 1043.33 ~ 746.24 mm/min ( V Fmax ~ V Fmin ).