The Rise and Fall of Donald Trump, and COVID-19 Pandemic : What the New Normal Implies about International Political Economy

Lim, Haeyong 제주평화연구원 2021 Jeju Forum Journal Vol.2021 No.2

How will the ‘new normal’, which was triggered by the US-China strategic competition and the COVID-19 pandemic change the existing international political and economic order? After experiencing the period of embedded liberalism after World War II and neoliberal globalization that emerged after the 1980s, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the international political and economic order is requesting a new form of order. Thus, through a contribution by Dr. Haeyong Lim, research fellow at the JPI, we intend to investigate what Trump's electoral victory and defeat means, and how the new normal brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic will have on the changes in the existing international political order.

Development of DMD-based micro-stereolithography apparatus for biodegradable multi-material micro-needle fabrication

Haeyong Yun,Hochan Kim 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

Development of DMD-based micro-stereolithography apparatus for biodegradable multi-material micro-needle fabrication

Haeyong Yun,김호찬 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.10

Micro-needles are known as a mean that can minimize pains while it gets through the human skin. And it will be safer if it can be made of biodegradable material. Microstereolithography (MSL) forms a part by the photo-polynerization of liquid resin. And it has production resolution in the range of several tens of micrometers. So it can be used to fabricate precise micro-needle. Actually the MSL technology is frequently applied to various areas such as bioengineering and MEMS devices. This paper shows the framework of a micro-stereolithography apparatus which can fabricate micro-needle by using multiple materials including photocurable biodegradable material like PPF (poly propylene fumarate). And will introduce process parameters for the precise micro-needle fabrication. Finally,verifies the system by showing some examples of the micro-needle with multiple materials including PPF.

Determination of Corrosion Rates of Reinforcement Steel in Silo Concrete by Electrochemical Method

Haeyong Jung,Sung-Bok Lee,Jin Beak Park,Eunyong Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.7 No.1

Observation of Ge Bottom Cells in InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-junction Solar Cells

Haeyong Jung,정상현,김창주,전동환,강호관,김호경 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.7

After growing InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells, we prepared two different Ge cellsby etching down to the GaAs buffer layer (sample A) and the AlGaAs layer (sample B). Then, thephotovoltaic properties of these two Ge cells were investigated under various light concentrations inorder to find the factors affecting the overall performance of the triple-junction solar cells. Underconcentrated light, the open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor and conversion efficiency were higherfor sample A than for sample B. The external quantum efficiency was shown to have a slightlyhigher value for sample A. Both the tunnel junction layer and the top contact resistance increasedthe series resistance, which also provided defects acting as leakage path. A comparison to previousworks suggests that the conversion efficiency of Ge bottom, if present, is degraded marginally afterthe growth of the full structure of triple-junction solar cells.

Silk Fibroin Membrane as Guided Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Defects

HaeYong Kweon,김성곤,Jinhee An,Hyewon Shim,ByoungEun Yang,JwaYoung Kim,You Young Jo,Joo-Hong Yeo,Kwang-Gill Lee 한국잠사학회 2010 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.21 No.2

Silk fibroin membrane was prepared and examined to know the feasibility of SF membrane as guided bone regeneration. The morphology of silk membrane was flat and smooth surface. The conformation of silk fibroin was β-sheet structure. When the silk membrane was applied on the rat calvarial defect model, it showed significantly higher new bone formation than uncovered control in histomorphometric analysis. The silk membrane was covered by thin fibrotic tissue and there was not observed any inflammatory cells infiltration. In conclusion, silk fibroin membrane could be useful materials for guided bone regeneration.

생약복합물의 지방세포형성억제 기전규명을 위한 전사체 분석

Haeyong Lee(이해용),Ryunhwa Kang(강련화),Sungmin Bae(배성민),Soo Ahn Chae(채수안),Jung Ju Lee(이정주),Dong-Jin Oh(오동진),Sukwon Park(박석원),Soo Hyun Cho(조수현),Yae Jie Shim(심예지),Yoosik Yoon(윤유식) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.7

생약복합물인 SH21B는 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), 행인(Prunus armeniaca Maxim), 마황(Ephedra sinica Stapf), 석창포(Acorus gramineus Soland), 포황(Typha orientalis Presl), 원지(Polygala tenuifolia Willd), 하엽 (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner)의 혼합(비율 3:3:3:3:3:2:2)으로 이루어졌다. SH21B는 예로부터 한의학에서 비만의 치료에 사용되어 왔으나 자세한 분자적 메커니즘과 효능에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구진은 선행연구를 통해 SH21B가 지방세포의 분화에서 adipogenesis (지방세포형성)와 관련된 유전자를 조절하여 중성지방의 축적을 억제함을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는, microarray 기술을 이용하여 adipogenesis의 in vitro 모델인, 3T3-L1 세포에서 SH21B에 의한 지방세포형성 억제의 분자적 기작을 보다 상세하게 연구하고자 하였다. 전지방세포, 분화된 세포 그리고 SH21B에 의해 분화가 억제된 세포의 각각의 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위해 각 시료들에서 total RNA를 분리하여 cDNA를 합성한 후 microarray에 적용시켰다. 그 결과, 각각의 시료들의 비교에서 2배 이상의 유의한 발현 변화를 가지는 2,568개의 유전자를 확보하였다. 이 유전자들에 대해 Hierarchical clustering과 K-means clustering 분석을 진행하였고 서로 다른 양상을 가지는 9개의 군집(cluster)들을 분류하였다. 그 중, SH21B의 첨가에 의해 뚜렷하게 감소(cluster 4, cluster 6 및 cluster 9)하거나 반대로 뚜렷하게 증가(cluster 7와 cluster 8)하는 양상을 보이는 군집들을 따로 선별하여 그 군집들에 포함되어 있는 유전자들을 분석하였다. 선택된 5개의 군집에는 지방세포형성과 세포증식에 관련된 유전자가 다수 포함되어 있었다. Cluster 4, cluster 6 그리고 cluster 9에는 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) 등의 지방세포형성 유도 및 관련 인자와 B-cell leukemia/lymphoma6 (BCL6), retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (CDKN2c), ras homolog gene family, member B (RHOB) 등의 많은 세포증식 억제 유전자가 포함되었다. 이와는 반대로, cluster 7과 cluster 8에는 β-catenin, cyclin D1 (CCND1), WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2) 등과 같은 지방 세포형성 억제 조절자와 MARCKS-like1 (MARCKSL1), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), discoidin domain receptor family, member 2 (DDR2), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) 등의 세포증식을 유도하는 조절자가 다수 포함되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 결과들은 SH21B가 지방세포형성과 관련된 조절자 및 세포증식과 관련된 조절자들의 유전자 발현을 조절하여 지방세포형성을 억제함을 제시한다. SH21B is a natural composition composed of seven herbs: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Prunus armeniaca Maxim, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Acorus gramineus Soland, Typha orientalis Presl, Polygala tenuifolia Willd and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner (Ratio 3:3:3:3:3:2:2). In our previous study, we reported that SH21B inhibited adipogenesis and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells through modulation of various regulators in the adipogenesis pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome profiles for the anti-adipogenic effects of SH21B in 3T3-L1 cells. Total RNAs from SH21B-treated 3T3-L1 cells were reverse-transcribed into cDNAs and hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST array. From microarray analyses, we identified 2,568 genes of which expressions were changed more than two-fold by SH21B, and the clustering analyses of these genes resulted in 9 clusters. Three clusters among the 9 showed down-regulation by SH21B (cluster 4, cluster 6 and cluster 9), and two clusters showed up-regulation by SH21B (cluster 7 and cluster 8) during the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. It was found that many genes related to cell proliferation and adipogenesis were included in these clusters. Clusters 4, 6 and 9 included genes which were related with adipogenesis induction and cell cycle arrest. Clusters 7 and 8 included genes related to cell proliferation as well as adipogenesis inhibition. These results suggest that the mechanisms of the anti-adipogenic effects of SH21B may be the modulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and adipogenesis.

A Study on the Gene Expression of Adipogenic Regulators by an Herbal Composition

Haeyong Lee(이해용),Ryunhwa Kang(강련화),Sungmin Bae(배성민),Soo Ahn Chae(채수안),Jung Ju Lee(이정주),Dong-Jin Oh(오동진),Sukwon Park(박석원),Soo Hyun Cho(조수현),Yae Jie Shim(심예지),Yoosik Yoon(윤유식) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 생약복합제제인 SH21B의 adipogenesis 억제 효능에 대한 상세한 분자적 메커니즘을 3T3-L1 지방세포를 이용하여 밝히는 데 있다. 실험에 사용된 SH21B는 7가지 생약성 천연물질인, 황금, 행인, 마황, 석창포, 포황, 원지 및 하엽으로 이루어졌다. 최근, 본 연구진에 의해 3T3-L1을 이용한 in vitro 연구와 마우스를 이용한 in vivo 연구에서 SH21B의 adipogenesis 억제효능이 밝혀진 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방세포가 분화될 때 작용하는 다양한 지방세포형성 조절자들의 유전자 발현이 SH21B에 의해 어떻게 변하는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 실시간중합효소반응(real time PCR) 기술을 이용하여 SH21B를 처리한 지방세포와 그렇지 않은 지방세포를 비교한 결과, 최종마커인 ADIPOQ와 SLC2A4의 유전자 발현이 SH21B에 의해 급격하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 최종 마커의 발현을 유도하는 핵심전사인자인 PPARγ와 C/EBPα의 유전자 발현 역시 SH21B의 처리 시 유의하게 억제되었다. 좀 더 상세한 분자적 메커니즘을 규명하기 위해, 핵심전사인자의 상위에 위치한 다양한 조절자들의 유전자 발현을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 여러 지방세포형성 유도조절자 중, Krox20과 KLF15의 유전자 발현이 SH21B 처리에 의해 유의하게 감소된 반면, C/EBPβ와 KLF5의 유전자 발현은 SH21B 처리에 영향을 받지 않았다. 그리고 지방세포형성 억제조절자인 KLF2와 CHOP의 유전자 발현은 SH21B 처리에 의해 유의하게 증가되었다. 이러한 결과들은 SH21B의 지방세포형성 억제효능이 지방세포의 분화에 작용하는 다양한 상위조절자 중 지방세포형성 유도조절자인 Krox20과 KLF15 그리고 지방세포형성 억제조절자인 KLF2와 CHOP 등의 유전자 발현이 변화되면서 일어나는 복합적인 반응의 결과임을 제시한다. In our previous study, it was reported that an herbal mixture, SH21B, inhibits fat accumulation and adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo models of obesity. SH21B is a mixture composed of seven herbs: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Prunus armeniaca Maxim, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Acorus gramineus Soland, Typha orientalis Presl, Polygala tenuifolia Willd, and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner (Ratio 3:3:3:3:3:2:2). The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed molecular mechanisms of the effects of SH21B on various regulators of the adipogenesis pathway. During the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, SH21B significantly decreased the expression levels of central transcription factors of adipogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α. To elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism of the anti-adipogenic effects of SH21B, we examined the expression levels of the various pro-adipogenic or anti-adipogenic regulators of adipogenesis upstream of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The mRNA levels of Krox20 and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 15, which are pro-adipogenic regulators, were significantly down-regulated by SH21B treatment, whereas the mRNA levels of C/EBPβ and KLF5 were not changed. KLF2 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which are anti-adipogenic regulators, were significantly up-regulated by SH21B treatment. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism of the anti-adipogenic effect of SH21B involves both the down-regulations of pro-adipogenic regulators, such as Krox20 and KLF15, and the up-regulations of anti-adipogenic regulators, such as KLF2 and CHOP, which results in the suppression of central transcription factors of adipogenesis including PPARγ and C/EBPα.

Solubility and Conformation of Silk Fibroin Membrane

( Haeyong Kweon ),( Seok Woo Kang ),( Kwang Gill Lee ),( Kwangyoung Park ),( You Young Jo ),( Pil Don Kang ),( Gyoo Byung Sung ),( Heui Sam Lee ),( Joo Hong Yeo ),( Kyu Hwan Shin ),( Chan Hum Park ) 한국잠사학회 2011 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.22 No.2

Transparency and insolubility of eardrum patch against exudates are important for otolaryngological surgery. The author prepared silk fibroin (SF) films with various concentrations and temperature and then examined solubility and conformation of SF films. SF films were transparent regardless of the various preparation conditions. Although most SF films are soluble in 1X PBS solution at 37˚C for 1 h, the SF film with 3.4% with 60˚C was insoluble. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the SF films have solid and smooth surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the conformation of SF films was influenced by the preparation conditions including SF concentration and casting temperature. In conclusion, SF membrane with transparence and insolubility against exudates could be considered as eardrum patch resources.

Heat Treatment Did Not Affect on the Biological Safety and Lipid Composition of Silkworm Powder

HaeYong Kweon,Jun-Ki Lee,You-Young Jo,Seong-Ryul Kim,Seong-Wan Kim,Nam Sook Kim,Sang Duk Ji,Su-Bae Kim,Jong-Gil Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10