Quality Characteristics of Dolsan Leaf Mustard according to Various Blanching Conditions and Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

손혜련,오선경,최명락,Son, Hae-Reon,Oh, Sun-Kyung,Tsukamoto, Chigen,Choi, Myeong-Rak The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.10 No.5

This study aims to examine the optimum blanching conditions as a pretreatment condition to improve the storage stability of Dolsan leaf mustard pickle. The effects of the blan- ching temperature and time were investigated at a temperature range of $80-100^{\circ}C$. Sampling was done for 1 month after a 5 days interval. The L value of the Dolsan leaf mustard was found to be the highest at $80^{\circ}C$. The cutting force increased as the blanching temperature increased. The tensile strength decreased at $95^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. In addition, the sensory evaluation scores were the best at $80^{\circ}C$. The storage stability was assessed at various blanching temperatures to increase the sinigrin content during storage. Liquid chromatography with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA/MS/MS) analysis was conducted to identify and quantify the sinigrin content in the Dolsan leaf mustard. Sinigrin as an internal standard was co-injected into each sample solution. The sample was monitored by recording the ultraviolet absorbance at 228 nm and by electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ion mode in the m/z 50-1,500 range. Blanching the sample at $80^{\circ}C$ showed the highest sinigrin concentration during storage among various temperatures and the maximum concentration was 350 ppm at 15 days storage. Study on utilization of vegetable from food processing of leaf mustard and preservation conservation results suggest that blanching at $80^{\circ}C$ is expected to improve the palatability of the pickle.

Total Polyphenol, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Dolsan Leaf Mustard Pickle during Storage

손혜련,오선경,최명락,Son, Hae Reon,Oh, Sun Kyung,Choi, Myeong Rak The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.6 No.2

Dolsan leaf mustard has various biological functions, including those in the immune system and cancer prevention. It contains high amounts of nutritional and medicinal compounds, which are important for maintaining optimum health. The objective of this study was to determine the total phenolics contents and antioxidant activity in Dolsan leaf mustard pickle (DLMP) during storage. DLMP methanol extracts had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of $35.56{\pm}0.01GAEmg/g$ and $4.54{\pm}0.03QEmg/g$, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in the DLMP methanol extracts showed the highest activities of 79.4 and 85.36%, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed 2.24-3.82 mM $FeSO_4$ eq. (p<0.05) in DLMP extracts. Overall, storage at day 14 showed the highest antioxidant activity.

ACE and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Glucosinolates in Dolsan Leaf Mustard Pickle during Storage

손혜련,오선경,최명락,Son, Hae-Reon,Oh, Sun-Kyung,Tsukamoto, Chigen,Choi, Myeong-Rak The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.17 No.3

This study was carried out for investigate that physiological activity, quantification and qualitative were sinigrin of Dolsan leaf mustard pickle (DLMP) during storage. sinigrin contains high amounts of nutritional and medicinal compounds, which are important for maintaining optimum health. ACE inhibitory activity was ranged between 43.2 and 79.4%. DLMP methanol extracts demonstrated highest ACE inhibitory activity at 79.4% on day 14, whereas DLMP ethanol extracts demonstrated highest Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 43.2% at day 0. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity of positive control 0.02% (v/v) acarbose was 78%. The DLMP methanol extracts had the highest ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity at 64.0% on day 14, whereas DLMP ethanol extracts had the lowest ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity of 42.8% at day 28. Sinigrin was high in DLMP methanol extracts at $49.55{\mu}g/ml$ on day 14 of storage. Sinigrin standard was eluted at 2.73 min and MS analysis was m/z 283.03 along with fragment ions at m/z 204 and 149.06. These data show that sinigrin formed desulfo-glucosinolates $[M-SO_3-2H_2O+K+2H]^+$. Sinigrin concentration increased until day 14 and then decreased after that. DLMP methanol extracts had consistently higher sinigrin concentration than DLMP acetonitrile extracts during 28 days of storage.

Total Polyphenol, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Dolsan Leaf Mustard Pickle during Storage

Hae Reon Son(손혜련),Sun Kyung Oh(오선경),Myeong Rak Choi(최명락) 한국생물공학회 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.31 No.2

Dolsan leaf mustard has various biological functions, including those in the immune system and cancer prevention. It contains high amounts of nutritional and medicinal compounds, which are important for maintaining optimum health. The objective of this study was to determine the total phenolics contents and antioxidant activity in Dolsan leaf mustard pickle (DLMP) during storage. DLMP methanol extracts had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of 35.56±0.01 GAE mg/g and 4.54±0.03 QE mg/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in the DLMP methanol extracts showed the highest activities of 79.4 and 85.36%, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed 2.24-3.82 mM FeSO4 eq. (p<0.05) in DLMP extracts. Overall, storage at day 14 showed the highest antioxidant activity.

ACE and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Glucosinolates in Dolsan Leaf Mustard Pickle during Storage

Hae-Reon Son(손혜련),Sun-Kyung Oh(오선경),Chigen Tsukamoto,Myeong-Rak Choi(최명락) 한국생물공학회 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.31 No.3

This study was carried out for investigate that physiological activity, quantification and qualitative were sinigrin of Dolsan leaf mustard pickle (DLMP) during storage. sinigrin contains high amounts of nutritional and medicinal compounds, which are important for maintaining optimum health. ACE inhibitory activity was ranged between 43.2 and 79.4%. DLMP methanol extracts demonstrated highest ACE inhibitory activity at 79.4% on day 14, whereas DLMP ethanol extracts demonstrated highest Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 43.2% at day 0. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of positive control 0.02% (v/v) acarbose was 78%. The DLMP methanol extracts had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 64.0% on day 14, whereas DLMP ethanol extracts had the lowest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 42.8% at day 28. Sinigrin was high in DLMP methanol extracts at 49.55 μg/ml on day 14 of storage. Sinigrin standard was eluted at 2.73 min and MS analysis was m/z 283.03 along with fragment ions at m/z 204 and 149.06. These data show that sinigrin formed desulfo-glucosinolates [M-SO3-2H2O+K+2H]+. Sinigrin concentration increased until day 14 and then decreased after that. DLMP methanol extracts had consistently higher sinigrin concentration than DLMP acetonitrile extracts during 28 days of storage.

Quality Characteristics of Dolsan Leaf Mustard according to Various Blanching Conditions and Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Hae-Reon Son(손혜련),Sun-Kyung Oh(오선경),Chigen Tsukamoto,Myeong-Rak Choi(최명락) 한국생물공학회 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.31 No.1

This study aims to examine the optimum blanching conditions as a pretreatment condition to improve the storage stability of Dolsan leaf mustard pickle. The effects of the blan- ching temperature and time were investigated at a temperature range of 80-100℃. Sampling was done for 1 month after a 5 days interval. The L value of the Dolsan leaf mustard was found to be the highest at 80℃. The cutting force increased as the blanching temperature increased. The tensile strength decreased at 95℃ and 100℃. In addition, the sensory evaluation scores were the best at 80℃. The storage stability was assessed at various blanching temperatures to increase the sinigrin content during storage. Liquid chromatography with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA/MS/MS) analysis was conducted to identify and quantify the sinigrin content in the Dolsan leaf mustard. Sinigrin as an internal standard was co-injected into each sample solution. The sample was monitored by recording the ultraviolet absorbance at 228 nm and by electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ion mode in the m/z 50-1,500 range. Blanching the sample at 80℃ showed the highest sinigrin concentration during storage among various temperatures and the maximum concentration was 350 ppm at 15 days storage. Study on utilization of vegetable from food processing of leaf mustard and preservation conservation results suggest that blanching at 80℃ is expected to improve the palatability of the pickle.

저장기간 동안 돌산 갓 피클의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 분석

손혜련(Hae-Reon Son),오선경(Sun-Kyung Oh),배상옥(Sang-Ok Bae),최명락(Myeong-Rak Choi) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.8

본 연구에서는 돌산 갓을 이용하여 저염 피클을 개발하기 위한 기초적인 연구로 저장기간 중 이화학적 및 관능변화에 대해 분석하였다. 돌산 갓 피클을 -2℃에서 90일 동안 저장하였다. 염도는 1.63~1.85% 범위를 유지하였다. pH는 저장 0일째 약 4.5에서 저장 90일째 4.37로 감소하였다. 산도는 저장기간 중 60일째까지 점진적으로 증가하다가 이후 약 1.10%로 급격히 증가하였다. 색도의 L값은 잎에서 30일째까지 증가하였다가 이후 감소하였고, 줄기에서는 저장기간 동안 감소하였다. 저장기간 동안 a값은 증가하였고, 반면에, b값은 감소하여 갈변 현상이 진행된 것을 알 수 있었다. 유산균 수는 0일째 DMP잎에서 1.4×10³ CFU/ml, DMP 줄기에서 5.6×10³ CFU/ml로 나타났고 이후 점차 감소하였다. 관능검사 결과는 아삭거림이 30일째 감소하였고, 질긴 정도는 증가하였다. 신맛은 증가하였고, 짠맛은 감소하였다. 90일간 저장기간 동안에도 연부현상이 발생하지 않았다. 그래서 최적의 돌산 갓 피클은 30일째 적합하다고 판단되며 돌산 갓은 저염 피클제품으로서의 이용 가능성을 제시하고, 수입 위주의 피클을 대체함과 동시에 돌간 갓을 이용한 식품의 다양화에 기여하고자 분석을 실시하였다. The principal objective of this fundamental research was to analyze the physicochemical changes and sensory properties of Dolsan leaf mustard pickles (DMP) for the development of low-salt pickles in order to contribute to the diversification of food. The DMPs were stored at -2°C for 90 days, with salinity maintained at 1.63% to 1.85%. The pH was decreased during storage, and the acidity was gradually increased for up to 60 days of storage, after which it was increased rapidly to 1.10. The L-values (lightness) from the stems were decreased during storage. The a-values (greenness) were increased, while the b-values (yellowness) were decreased. It was shown that the DMP had a progressive browning phenomenon and the number of lactic acid bacteria gradually decreased. The sensory evaluation showed that crunchy textures were decreased and touch textures were increased at 30 days. Therefore, Dolsan leaf mustard is suitable as a material for low-salt pickles during storage for 90 days. The results of the analysis of the physicochemical and sensory properties indicate that the optimal storage for DMP was maintained for up to 30 days.

Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidative Activity of Napa Cabbage Pickle

Hae-Reon Son(손혜련),Sun-Kyung Oh(오선경),Sang-Ok Bae(배상옥),Myeong-Rak Choi(최명락) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.11

본 연구에서는 배추를 이용하여 저염 피클을 개발하기 위한 기초적인 연구로 저장기간 중 배추 피클의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성에 대해 분석하였다. 조미액 함량을 달리한 각각의 배추 피클(NCP, NCP-1)을 -4℃에서 60일 동안 저장하였다. NCP 및 NCP-1의 pH는 저장 0일째 각각 4.51±0.15, 4.85±0.08로 나타났으며 이후 감소하였다. 산도는 NCP 및 NCP-1에서 저장 0일째 각각 0.51%, 0.38%로 나타났으며 이후 각각 0.67%, 0.56%로 증가하였다. 염도는 1.77~2.22% 범위를 유지하였다. 색도의 L값은 NCP 및 NCP-1 모두 0일째에서 최대값을 나타났으며 이후 감소하였다. 또한, 색도의 a값은 증가하였고, b값은 감소하여 갈변 현상이 진행된 것을 알 수 있었다. 물성의 인장강도는 저장 0일째 NCP에서 10.90±0.05 kgf/㎠, NCP-1에서는 11.84±0.05 kgf/㎠로 최소값이 나타났으며 절단력은 저장 0일째 NCP에서 1004±7.12 gf/㎠, NCP-1에서는 845±5.27 gf/㎠로 최대값이 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도는 NCP-1에서 저장 45일째 4.25±0.10로 최대값이 나타났으며 항산화 활성은 저장 60일째 66.04%로 최대값이 나타났다. 60일간 저장기간 동안에도 연부현상이 발생하지 않았다. 그래서 최적의 배추 피클은 조미액 중 간장 함량을 줄인 NCP-1이 적합하다고 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 배추가 저염 피클제품으로서 이용 가능성이 있음을 제시하고, 수입 위주의 피클을 대체함과 동시에 배추를 이용한 식품의 다양화에 기여 할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. The principal objective of this fundamental research was to analyze the physicochemical properties the and antioxidative activity of Napa cabbage pickle (NCP) for development of low-salt pickles. NCP-1 was a smaller than NCP at amount soy sauce (10%). The pH of NCP and NCP-1 were 4.51±0.15, 4.85±0.08 immediately after preparation. The pH of NCP and NCP-1 was reduced to 4.08±0.05 and 4.31±0.12 over time during 60 days of storage. The acidity of the NCP and NCP-1 immediately after preparation were 0.51% and 0.38% and increased to 0.67% and 0.56% after 60 days of storage. The salinity for the NCP ranged from 1.71-2.22% and NCP-1 ranged from 1.18–1.63%. The L value, which indicates the lightness, was the highest at day 0 and the lowest at 60 day. The tensile strength value of NCP was 10.9±0.05 kgf/㎠ and NCP-1 in 11.84±0.11 kgf/㎠ at day 0 and then significantly decreased with time in storage. The cutting force of NCP was 1004±7.12 gf/㎠ and NCP-1 in 845±5.27 gf/㎠ at day 0, which increased over time in storage. The overall acceptability of NCP was the highest at day 30, but the overall acceptability of NCP-1 was the highest at day 45. NCP-1 extracts at day 60 showed the highest antioxidant activity of 66.04%, whereas the NCP extract at day 0 showed the lowest antioxidant activity of 45.41%. These results showed that depending on the content of the seasoning pickle difference in the antioxidant activity. Thus, the best pickled Napa cabbage is determined by a smaller amount soy sauce in NCP-1, and the results could provide a basis for improving the availability and quality of Napa cabbage.

Quality Characteristics of Mackerel Immersed in Sea Wind Mugwort Extract

Sun-Kyung Oh(오선경),Hae-Reon Son(손혜련),Ki-Woong Kim(김기웅),Sang-Ok Bae(배상옥),Sung-Young Kim(김성영),Myeong-Rak Choi(최명락) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.9

거문도 해풍쑥 추출물을 처리한 고등어의 저장 기간 동안의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 5% 해풍쑥 추출물에 고등어를 2시간, 3시간, 4시간 처리한 후 개별 포장하여 -20℃에 저장하여 실험하였다. 해풍쑥 추출물을 처리하지 않은 고등어(control)와 해풍쑥에 2, 3, 4시간씩 처리한 고등어의 염도는 2시간 처리한 고등어가 0.07%로 가장 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. pH는 모두 5.90~6.23를 나타냈고 산도는 15일째 감소 후 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 저장기간이 길수록 인장강도는 control은 증가하고, 2, 3, 4시간씩 처리한 고등어는 감소하였다. Volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) 함량은 control은 4.2~50.7 mg%, 2시간 처리한 고등어는 5.6~15.4 mg%로 control보다 가장 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 2시간 처리한 고등어 제품에서 total polyphenol, total flavonoid 함량은 286.3~497.0 mg GAE/100 g, 177.5~385.6 mg QE/100 g를 나타냈다. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity은 2시간 처리한 고등어 제품에서 50.6%, 61.3%를 각각 나타냈다. 전반적으로, 고등어를 SWM으로 단시간 처리하면 염도, pH, 산도, 경도, 항산화 활성 및 저장기간 연장과 같은 품질특성이 크게 향상되었음을 알 수 있다. This study examined the influence of sea wind mugwort extract treatment on quality characteristics of mackerel during storage. Mackerel were packaged individually and then immersed in 5% sea wind mugwort extract for 2, 3, or 4 hr and stored at -20℃. The salinity of a control (no treatment) and that of mackerel immersed in sea wind mugwort for 2 hr was lowest (0.07%). pH of 5.90-6.23, and the change in acidity was in the opposite range. Immersion for 2, 3, and 4 hr led to a decrease in the tensile strength of the samples following storage, whereas the tensile strength of the control increased. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of the mackerel immersed for 2 hr was significantly lower than that of the control (5.6-15.4 mg% vs. 4.2-50.7 mg%). In the mackerel immersed for 2 hr, the total polyphenol and total flavonoid content was 286.3-497.0 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g and 177.5-385.6 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of the mackerel immersed in sea wind mugwort for 2 hr were 50.6% and 61.3%, respectively. Overall, the immersion of mackerel in sea wind mugwort for a short time significantly improved quality characteristics, such as salinity, pH, acidity, hardness, antioxidant activity, and perceptible quality, following storage.