Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics

Gui-Sun Moon,Sun-Woong Kim,Jeong-Ah Shin,Hae-Kyung Wee,Jong Un Park,Myung-Kwan Park,Wonil Chung 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.99 No.-

Gui-Sun Moon, Sun-Woong Kim, Jeong-Ah Shin, Hae-Kyung Wee, Jong Un Park, Myung-Kwan Park, and Wonil Chung. 2018. Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics. Studies in Modern Grammar 99, 85-115. This paper aims to investigate Korean advanced L2 English learners’ strategies for ellipsis resolution during sentence processing. Ellipsis resolution is known to involve several stages of information processing from the initial step of detecting an ellipsis-licensing element by the parser to the final stage of integrating the ellipsis site with the information retrieved from the antecedent of the ellipsis site. In examining these steps, we have manipulated three factors: (i) TP vs. VP-ellipsis; (ii) two types of discourse coherence relations (resemblance(-contrast) vs. cause-effect relations); (iii) voice match vs. mismatch. We found through the ERP recordings that voice mismatch in TP ellipsis elicited N400, followed by P600, irrespective of discourse coherence relations. In contrast, voice mismatch in VP-ellipsis registered N400 only in resemblance(-contrast) relation, but not in cause-effect relation. These findings lead us to conclude that Korean advanced L2 learners of English seem to undergo the full sequence of processing stages required for ellipsis resolution.

전화번호안내원의 누적외상성 장애

정해관,최병순,김지용,유선희,임현술,김용민,어경윤,권용욱 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

To evaluate the prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders in relation to ergonomic evaluation of their work, 260 female directory assistance operators employed in three branch facilities of the nation-wide telecommunication company. Ergonomic evaluation of the work status was done by two industrial hygienists through inspection. Workers were surveyed with standardized self-administered questionnaire and examined by family physicians and an orthopaedician for cumulative trauma disorders. Laboratory examination of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatinine phosphokinase(CPK), aldolase and rheumatoid factor was done and X-ray of cervical spine and both shoulders was taken from all subjects and nerve conduction velocity test was done on 57 subjects with suspected nerve entrapment cases. Cumulative trauma disorders were categorized into 3 category according to work-relatedness of the disorders. On ergonomic evaluation of the working posture and work environment, improvement of work posture revealed inappropriate postures and devices. Mean age of the subjects were 39 years old and more than 80% graduated high school or above. Ninety-eight percent of the workers employed in the company for more than 15 years and 74.6% of the workers worked at the VDT job for more than 4 years. Mean daily work hours was 8.0 hours per day and mean break hours was 90.5 minutes per day with mean extra work hours of 10.7 hours per month. Mean daily calls were 1128.6 calls in maximum and 864-8 calls in minimum. On laboratory examination, 13.(5.0%) workers had abnormal AST, 53(20.4%) had abnormal CPK, and 1(0.4%) had abnormal aldolase level. On x-ray examination of cervical spine, 111(42.7%) had loss of or reversed normal cervical lordosis, 10(3.8%) had narrowing of intervertebral space. Nerve conduction velocity test was abnormal in 11(19.2%) among 57 workers. Among disorders categorized as work-related, 131(50.4%) were diagnosed to have fatigue myalgia of levator scapulae, 108(41.5%) had cervical strain or sprain, 47(18.1%) had fatigue arthralgia of phalangeal joints, and 47(18.1%) had probable carpal tunnel syndrome, in 10(3.8%) of those diagnosis was confirmed electrophysiologically. Age, seniority, work duration at present job, workload nor location of facilities were associated with the prevalence of symptoms nor specific diagnoses on simple statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression, which seems to be due to highly selected and homogeneous characteristics of the study subjects. Above results shows that cumulative trauma disorders are very prevalent among directory assistance operators and elaborate effort is needed to reduce the cumulative trauma disorders among the operators.

등고선지도의 자동적인 고도값 할당

최관순,공용해 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.3

Automated Input system has been developed to generate DEM(DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL) data from contour map. Conventional methods used are based on either line tracking or raster-vector conversion. Both required a lot of manual input and computing time. The system developed here is based on automated recognition of number from symbol image and automated tracing of the sectional heights of the recognized lines.

망간노출로 인한 신경장해의 임상적 양상

정해관,마샤 라트너,로버트 펠드만 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

망간의 신경독성은 19세기 초 이래 널리 알려져 왔다. 고전적 망간중독은 파킨스증후 군을 유발하나 그 임상적 양상이 파킨슨병과는 명확하게 구별된다는 점이 인정되고 있다. 그러나 최근 들어 망간 노출 농도가 낮아지는 반면 노출인구는 증가하면서 저농도 노출에 의한 신경장해의 범위에 대해서 논란이 있어왔다. 특히 인구 노령화에 따른 각종 신경퇴행성 질환과는 구별도 필요하게 되었다. 저자들은 최근까지 보고된 직업적, 비직업적 망간 노출인구에서의 건강장해에 대한 임상적, 역학적 연구들을 비교 분석하여 망간 노출에 따른 신경장해를 다음과 같은 5가지 범주로 구분하였는데, 이들은 만성 망간중독, 파킨슨병, 추체외로증후군, 임상전 단계 및 변형증후군 등이다. 이와 같은 임상적 구분은 망간 독성의 병태생리를 이해하는데 도움을 줄뿐 아니라 직업적 및 비직업적 망간노출을 평가하는데도 유용한 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Neurotoxicity of manganese is known since the report of manganism in early 19th century. However, there are controversies on the range of the clinical manifestation of manganese exposure, especially after the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging on the exposure assessment of manganese exposure. The authors categorized various clinical syndromes of neurologic disorders, which are suggested to be related to occupational or non-occupational manganese exposure, into five stages; chronic manganism, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal syndrome, subclinical stage, and variant cases. This categorization will be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of the manganese toxicity and could be utilized in assessment of occupational and non-occupational manganese exposure.

가와바타 야스나리(川端康成)의 『산울림』(山の音)의 주제와 신고노인의 생사의식

권해주,허배관 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 2003 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.8 No.-

석탄폐석의 흡착능 및 흡착제로의 활용방안에 관한 기초연구

한동준,임재명,이찬기,이해승 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구에서는 산과 계곡에 폐기물로 방치되어 있는 석탄폐석의 재활용 및 자원화의 측면에서 수처리에이용될수 있는 흡착제의 개발을 위한 기초실험을 수행되었다. 석탄폐석으로는 굴진폐석과 선탄폐석이 이용되었으며, 석탄폐석 자체가 지니고 있는 흡착능 실험과 열처리로 인한 흡착능 개선 여부를 검토하였다. 처리대상물질은 중금속, 색도,그리고 COD들을 선정하였다. 실험조건은 회분식과 컬럼식으로 구분하여 각각 이루어 졌으며 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을수 있었다. This research aims to remove heavy metals. nonbiodegradable COD(NBDCOD), and color using the coal waste. The experimental by heat treatment was performed to advance the adsorption capacity. The results are as follows ; i) The coal waste had the adsorption capacity of heavy metals and th rates were in the range of 20 to 30 percents. ii)The heat treatment was the optimum condition that the reaction time was 6 hours at 500℃. iii) In the column experimen non-treated coal waste remoned the COD and color in the range of 20 to 60 percents. iv)Heat-treated coal waste showed higher removal rate of the color in biological efflunt, and heavy metal and COD removal rates were changed by the filteration rates.

일부 지역 도로관리 종사자에서 발견된 흉부 X선상 소음영 소견에 관한 조사

정해관,임현술,최익한,이원재,이현경 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

Authors examined 135 workers(133 males and 2 females) employed in a local road construction and maintenance office lacated in the Pohang area to investigate the presence of pneumoconiosis cases among them. Examination consisted of questionnaire survey, physical examination and chest radiograph. Results are as follows ; 1. Of 135 workers, 8 cases(5.9%) were found to have small opacities of category 0/1 or more on chest radiogtaph. These cases were all males and prevalence was highest in group with age 50 or more(11.1% 3 out of 27 workers) and in froup with 5 to 9 years of employment(9.5%, 4 out of 42 workers). Small Opacities were found only in field workers(8.9%, 8 out of 90 workers) and prevalence of small opacities by job title was 8.8% in overload watchmen(3 out of 34 workers), 8.2% in road sweepers, road repair and maintenance workers(5 out of 56 workers). 2. Prevalence of small opacities on chest radiograph was higher in dusty, outdoor jobs than non-dusty jobs and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05) 3. There was no statistically significant difference between those with radiological appearance of small opacities and normal subjects in age, educational level, duration of employment, previous dust exposure, past history of respiratory illness and clinical symptoms(P>0.05). 4. Of 8 cases with small opacities on chest radiograph, 1 case had small opacity of category 1/0(s/s) and the other 7 cases had small opacities of category 0/1. Two cases had past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, but radiologic findings were not consistent with tuberculosis. Two cases with less than 5 years of employment had previous history of dust exposure. Although specific etiologic factors were not clear with this study alone, authors suspected that specific geological factors in the Pohang area(soils rich in diatomaceous earth, bentonite and fullers' earth etc.) may have some role in development of small opacities. Above results suggests that follow up investigation for further development and progression of pneumoconiosis and effective measures to prevent dust exposure of road workers are needed.

牧草의 混播가 分蘗數 및 葡蔔枝數에 미치는 影響

丁海鎭,정규관,朴永道 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1994 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.3 No.1

牧草의 混播가 植生變化에 미치는 影響을 究明하고자 禾本科牧草를 5個 草種 6品種과 荳科牧草 2個 草種 4品種을 供試하여 5㎝×5㎝ 栽植거리로서 人爲的으로 混播集團을 形成, 栽培하여 分蘗數 및 葡萄枝數를 調査한 結果 다음과 같다. 1. 各 草種別 分蘗數는 perennial ryegrass(CV. Antrim, Rathlin)가 가장 많았고, hybrid ryegrass(CV. Augusta), meadow fescue(CV. S. 215), tall fescue(CV. Dovey), cocksfoot(CV. Cambria) 順으로 減少되었으며, 荳科牧草는 white clover(CV. S. 184, Donna)가 red clover(CV. Astra, Deben)보다 높게 나타났다. 2. 荳科牧草는 半直立型이며 잎이 좁거나 짧고 分蘗力이 中間程度인 cocksfoot, meadow fescue와 같은 禾本科牧草와의 混播에서 生育과 收量이 良好하였다. 3. 荳科의 越冬率이 높았던 混播組合에서는 葡萄枝數가 增大되고 荳科比率이 높아져서 總收量이 增大되었다. With a purpose to investigate the effects of grass-clover mixtures on herbage yield and sward composition, a set of sward canopy of grass-clover mixtures with d density of 5㎝×5㎝ was established with six cultivars of grasses and two cultivars of legumes. The number of tillers of stolons per plant and sward composition of mixtures was compared with that of single stand. The number of tillers per plant was highest in perennial ryegrass(CV. Antrim, Rathlin), followed by hybrid ryegrass(CV. Augusta), meadow fescue(CV. S. 215), tall fescue(CV. Dovey), and cocksfoot(CV. Cambria). When the legumes were combined with the grasses which have semierect plant type bearing narrow and short leaves with a medium tillering capacity, the dry matter yield of the mixtures increased significantly. Higher wintering rate in grass-clover mixtures resulted in an increase of stolones, higher compositions of legumes in the mixture, and consequently higher herbage yield.

一部 農村住民의 傷病樣相에 關한 硏究

鄭海鍵,李性寬 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1981 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.1

1980年 3月부터 1981年 2月까지 滿 1年間 慶北 軍戚郡의 3個部落 143個家口 男女 654名을 對象으로 傷病狀況의 前向性 調査成績을 要約하면 다음과 같다. 年間 傷病率은 男子 190%, 女子 240%로 女子에서 높았으며 年間 平均 罹病回數는 2.2回程度였고, 年齡別로는 4歲以下群에서 94.3%로 제일 높고 15~19歲群에서 제일 낮았다. 年間 急性疾患의 發生率은 78.9%이며, 件當 罹患率은 男子가 173.6% 女子가 212.8%로 女子에서 高率이었다(p<0.05). 敎育程度別 發生頻度는 未就學 兒童群이 87.3%로 제일 높고 다음이 無學群 83.6%로 次位이며 高卒群 66.7%로 제일 낮아, 대체로 學歷이 낮을수록 傷病發生頻度가 높은 경향이었다. 疾病別分布는 呼吸器系疾患이 71.3%로 제일 높고 다음이 神經系 및 消化器系疾患의 順이었다. 診斷名別로는 감기, 氣管支炎, 설사, 食中毒, 皮膚炎 및 外傷이었다. 慢性疾患의 有病率은 전체 15%로 女子가 16.9%로 男子 12.9%에 비해 높았고, 年齡이 增加할수록 有病率이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 敎育程度別로는 無學群이 제일 높았고, 高率群이 제일 낮아 敎育水準이 낮을수록 그 頻度가 높게 나타났다. 疾病別로는 神經系, 消化器系, 呼吸器系 및 循環器系疾患의 順으로 나타났다. 診斷名別로는 神經痛, 慢性胃腸炎, 胃潰瘍, 腦卒中, 瑞息 및 肺結核의 順으로 나타났다. 生活程度別 疾病 罹患率의 觀察에서 生活水準이 낮을수록 罹患率이 약간 높게 나타났으나 有意義한 差異는 없었다. 地域別 罹患率 調査에서 山嶽地域이 平野 및 中間地域에 比해 그 率이 높았다. 呼吸器系疾患의 경우 山嶽地域이 他地域에 比하여 현저히 높은 것을 제외하고, 傷病分類別 分布에 있어 크게 두드러진 樣相을 나타내지 않았다. 季節別 疾病 發生率 調査에서 春季가 54.1%로 제일 높고 夏季가 32.6%로 제일 낮았다. 呼吸器系疾患은 冬季에 제일 많이 發生했고 消化器系疾患은 春季에 가장 많았다. 疾病發生은 全國的인 流行에 따라 樣相에 影響을 미칠수 있으므로 정확한 疾病樣相을 把握하려면 長期間에 걸친 코호트 觀察이 要望되는 바이다. The present study was conducted to investigate the status of sickness through a prospective study for a year from March 1980 to February 1981. The subjects were 654 of 143 households of three villages, each one of mountainous, plain and intermediate area which were selected by cluster sampling in Gunee Gun, Kyungpook province. The results obtained are as follows : Annual spell morbidity rate was 22O percent 190 percent in male and 240 percent in female. The frequency of events per capita during a year among whole population was 1.9 in male and 2.4 in female. Age specific morbidity rate showed highest as 93.4 percrnt among 0-4 year group and lowest as 62.2 percent among 15-19 year group. Overall morbidity of acute diseases was 73.9 percent and spell morbidity rate was significantly higher in female (212.8%) than that in male (173.6%) (p<0.05). The morbidity rate was highest in pre-school age group (87.3%), followed in no schooling group (83.6%) and was lowest in high school group (66.7%). In general, the morbidity rate increased with decreasing educational level. The diseases of respiratory system were found the highest rate with 71.3 percent, and the diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs, and the diseases of the digestive system were followed. By kind of disease, common cold was highest and bronchitis, diarrhea, food poisoning, dermatitis and injuries were followed. The morbidity rate of chronic diseases was 15 percent and the rate was higher in female(19.9%) than that in male (12.9%). In general, the morbidity rate increased with aging and decreasing educational level. The diseases of the nervous system showed highest and the digestive system, the respiratory system, and the circulatory system were followed. By kind of disease, neuralgia showed highest, and chronic gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer, apoplexy and bronchial asthma were followed in order. There was no significant difference between morbidity rate and living level. The spell morbidity rate was highest at 283.1 percent in mountainous area. The next was 172 percent in plain area. The morbidity rate of the respiratory diseases revealed much higher in mountainous area compared to others. In spring the morbidity rate showed the highest rate with 54.1 percent among both male and female population, and in summer, lowest. The diseases of the respiratory system and the diseases of the digestive system were frequently prevailed in winter and in spring, respectively.

11科目의 Program化

양해관 圓光大學校 圓佛敎學硏究會 1979 圓佛敎學硏究 Vol.9 No.-