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김해림,Kim, Hae-Rim 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1973 과학과 기술 Vol.6 No.6
산림은 국가의 부강과 직결된다. 선진제국의 울창한 삼림은 일종일석에 이루어진 것은 아니다. 우리나라도 정부 수립후 반세기에 걸쳐 많은 인력과 재정을 쏟았건만ㆍㆍㆍ 녹화에의 꿈은 아직도 멀기만 하다. 우리의 소중한 자원인 산림은 어떻게 보호되고 가꾸어져야 할 것인가? 「푸른 내일을 설계」하기에 앞서 전문교수들의 의견을 들어보자.
혈청음성 척추관절병증 환자의 발꿈치뼈 부착부병증에 대한 초음파 검사의 유용성
김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ),홍지현 ( Ji Hyun Hong ),윤종현 ( Chong Hyeon Yoon ),이상헌 ( Sang Heon Lee ),박성환 ( Sung Hwan Park ),김호연 ( Ho Youn Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2005 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Objective: To determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) in detection of calcaneal enthesopathies and compare US findings with clinical examination and laboratory data in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA). Methods: We studied fifty six patients with SpA (ankylosing spondylitis 51; psoriatic arthritis 2; reactive arthritis 3). Gray scale US and power Doppler sonography (PDS) was performed in Achilles tendons and plantar fascia using a 40 mm, 12 MHz linear probe to detect tendon thickness, loss of normal fibrillar echogenecity, blurred tendon margin, calcification, fluid collection around tendon, bony erosion, enthesopathic spur, retrocalcaneal bursitis and increased vascularity. Clinical examination including Mander enthesis index (MEI) score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined at the same time. Results: In 112 Achilles tendons, 72.3% showed abnormal US findings, as followings, increased tendon thickness 50.9%; loss of normal fibrillar echogenecity 32.1%; blurred tendon margin 24.1%; calcification 5.4%; fluid collection around tendon 17.7%; bony erosion 16%; enthesopathic spur 8.9%; retrocalcaneal bursitis 13.4%; and increased vascularity in power Doppler sonography (PDS) 14.2%. In 112 plantar aponeurosis, 59.8% showed abnormal US withenthesopathic spur 8.9%; retrocalcaneal bursitis 13.4%; and increased vascularity in power Doppler sonography (PDS) 14.2%. In 112 plantar aponeurosis, 59.8% showed abnormal US findings, as followings, increased tendon thickness 12.5%; loss of normal fibrillar echogenecity 50%; blurred tendon margin 30.3%; bony spur 2.7%; and increased vascularity in PDS 4.5%. PDS findings well correlated with findings of gray scale US. While 46% of symptomatic patients and 41.2% of patients with tenderness have abnormal X-ray findings, 69.4% of symptomatic patients and 73.8% of patients with tenderness have abnormal US findings. Patients with clinical symptoms, elevated CRP level and >1 MEI score showed increased vascularity in PDS. Conclusion: US is a simple and useful method in the detection of enthesopathies of SpA, even in patients without clinical symptom nor abnormal radiographic finding, and PDS combined with gray scale US is more sensitive tool which reflects the clinical examination.
마우스배아줄기세포의 in vitro 시험계 활용을 위한 신경세포 분화프로토콜의 비교
김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ),남기환 ( Ki Hoan Nam ),김은경 ( Eun Kyoung Kim ),윤원기 ( Won Ki Yoon ),원영석 ( Young Suk Won ),문옥성 ( Ok Seong Moon ),정의배 ( Eu Bae Joung ),안병우 ( Byeong Woo Ahn ),김형진 ( Hyoung Chin Kim ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2008 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Mouse embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that can be differentiate into all the cell types derived from three germ layers in vitro. We aimed to confirm the neuronal cell types derived from the embryonic stem cells by two different differentiation protocols, which would guide us which protocol is useful for in vitro neuronal toxicity test. The mouse embryonic stem cells derived from 129 mouse strain, TC-1 cells, were differentiated according to 30-day differentiation protocol or 15-day differentiation protocol. At the end of the differentiation period, neuronal cells (neuron, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte) were identified by immunocytochemistry using marker antibodies. According to the results, the numbers of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were much higher than that of neurons in 30-day differntiation protocol. However, oligodendrocytes were overwhelming compared to astrocytes and neurons in the 15-day differntiation protocol. These results indicated that the neuronal cell types and the cell numbers derived from the embryonic stem cells should be considered when selecting in vitro neuronal cell toxicity models using embryonic stem.
류마티스관절염 치료의 새로운 표적으로써의 Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)
김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2013 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.20 No.2
Dysregulated activation of immune and synovial cells and their reciprocal action play a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Various signal transduction molecules regulate cellular responses and small molecular inhibitors targeting the signal molecules, such as Janus kinase (JAK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors, which have been developed for treating RA. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the signal molecules, which regulates innate and adaptive immune systems and is over-expressed in RA. PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphoinositide-4,5- bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) generates phosphoinositide-3,4,5- triphosphate (PI-3,4,5-P3) at the cell membrane. PI3Ks are divided into class I, II and III. Two catalytic subunits, p110 γ and p110δ of PI3K, modulate cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, migration, cytokine synthesis and antibody production in both innate and adaptive immune systems. In RA synovium and synovial fibroblasts, the expression of p110γ and p110δ is increased, and their up-regulation results in the abnormal activation of cellular immune responses. In preclinical animal models for RA, genetic deletion of p110γ and p110δ and selective inhibitors decrease the clinical arthritis score, synovial inflammation, cellular infiltration, bone and cartilage erosion and osteoclast activity. There is a synergistic effect for controlling arthritis by dual inhibition of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ. Through reviewing the function of PI3K in the immune system and the effect of PI3K inhibition in preclinical arthritis animal models, we can expect the PI3K inhibition as a new therapeutic target for treatment of RA.