Influence of Varying Levels of Dietary Undegraded Intake Protein Intake on Nutrient Intake, Body Weight Change and Reproductive Parameters in Postpartum Awassi Ewes

Haddad, S.G.,Kridli, R.T.,Al-Wadi, D.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary undegradable protein (UP) level on body weight change, nutrient intake, milk production and postpartum reproductive performance of Awassi ewes. Twenty-seven multiparous Awassi ewes (initial body weight = 53.3${\pm}$1.6 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (9 ewes/treatment) for 62 days using a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous (15.5% CP), isocaloric, and were formulated to contain 17.9 (LUP), 27.1 (MUP), and 34.0% (HUP) of the dietary CP as UP. On day 10${\pm}$3 (day 0 = parturition) ewes were housed in individual pens for 5 weeks. Feed offered and refused was recorded daily. At the end of this period, animals were removed from their pens and combined into 3 separate groups (LUP, MUP and HUP). One fertile, harnessed ram was allowed with each group for 34 days. Rams were rotated every 2 days among the three groups. Each group was offered the corresponding experimental diet. Organic matter, CP, UP and metabolizable energy intakes were higher (p<0.05) for ewes fed the HUP diet compared with ewes fed the LUP and MUP diets. Ewes fed the HUP diet gained more (p<0.05) weight compared with ewes fed the MUP diet (7.3 vs. 2.1 kg), while ewes fed the LUP diet lost an average of 2.1 kg. Pregnancy rate of ewes fed the HUP diet was 100%, compared with 66 and 33% for ewes fed the MUP and LUP diets, respectively. Lambing rate was greater (p<0.05) for ewes fed HUP (8/9) diet compared with ewes fed the MUP (4/9) and LUP (3/9) diets. These results indicate that Awassi ewes receiving adequate dietary UP level consume more feed and are capable of returning to estrus shortly after parturition and are capable of producing two lamb crops per year.

Synthesis, conductivity, and vibrational spectroscopy of tetraphenylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide

Haddad, Boumediene,Paolone, Annalisa,Villemin, Didier,Taqiyeddine, Moumene,Belarbi, El-habib,Bresson, Serge,Rahmouni, Mustapha,Dhumal, Nilesh R.,Kim, Hyung J.,Kiefer, Johannes Elsevier 2017 Journal of molecular structure Vol.1146 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The reaction of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide with tetraphenylphosphonium bromide in water leads to the formation of tetraphenylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([PPh<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>][(CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUP>−</SUP>]). The obtained compound was identified by means of <SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>13</SUP>C, <SUP>19</SUP>F and <SUP>31</SUP>P NMR spectroscopy. Although it has a structure similar to ionic liquids, it exhibits a melting point above 100 °C. Besides describing the synthesis, a detailed characterization of its conductivity and vibrational spectroscopic properties is presented. For the latter, FT-Raman and FTIR/ATR spectroscopies are used in the wavenumber range from 150 to 3500 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> and from 600 to 3500 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal a minor influence of the interionic interactions on the vibrational structure. Consequently, the computational vibrational spectra of the isolated ions show a good agreement with the experimental data. A detailed vibrational assignment is presented. Furthermore, the conductivity data indicate a solid-solid phase transition about 130 K below the melting point.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Conductivity data indicate a solid-solid phase transition. </LI> <LI> Interionic interactions play a minor role in the vibrational structure of PPh<SUB>4</SUB> NTf<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Computational and experimental spectra agree well. </LI> </UL> </P>

Substituting Bread By-product for Barley Grain in Fattening Diets for Baladi Kids

Haddad, S.G.,Ereifej, K.I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.5

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of substituting bread by-product (BBP) for barley grain in high concentrate fattening diets for kids on nutrient intake, growth performance, and nutrient digestibility. Twenty-eight Baladi kids (body weight=17.1${\pm}$1.0 kg) were assigned randomly to 4 experimental finishing diets (7 kids/treatment) in a completely randomized design for 70 days. The control (CON) diet contained 20, 60, 11, 7 and 2% (DM basis) alfalfa hay, barley grain, soybean meal, corn grain, and mineral and vitamin mix, respectively. Bread by-product substituted barley grain by 10, 20 and 30% of the diet DM in the LBBP, MBBP, and HBBP diets, respectively. Dry matter intakes for the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets were similar (p>0.05; avg.=592 g/day), however, kids fed the HBBP diet had a lower (p<0.05) DM intake (451 g/day). Organic matter and CP intakes showed similar patterns to that observed for DM. Dietary treatments did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain for kids fed the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg.=150 g/day). Final body weights for kids fed the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg. 27.1 kg) were greater (p<0.05) than for kids fed the HBBP diet (23.7 kg). Feed to gain ratio was greater for the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg. 3.9) compared with the HBBP diet (5.0). No significant (p>0.05) effect of the dietary treatment was observed for DM, OM and NDF digestibility. Substituting BBP for barley grain up to 20% of the diet DM did not affect nutrient intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of kids and resulted in a decrease in feed cost.

Experimental technique for efficiency transfer along different geometries and volumes

Haddad, Kh,AL-Homyed, A. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2

Efficiency calibration is a fundamental procedure in gamma spectrometric measurement. Experimental technique for efficiency calibration transfer in gamma spectrometer along different geometries and volumes has been developed and validated in this work. The developed technique offers simple and easy procedures to overcome several problems encountered in efficiency calibration of gamma spectrometer such as rate-related correction and different sample volumes. The validation shows that application of the developed technique has a precision of 95%.

Investigating the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Iran 2005-2008 using Bayesian Spatial Ecological Regression Models

Haddad-Khoshkar, Ahmad,Koshki, TohidJafari,Mahaki, Behzad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the entire world. Reported standardized incidence rates are 12.6, 61.7, 11.9 and 27.9 in Iran, developed countries, developing countries and the entire world, respectively. The present study investigated the relative risk of PC in Iran at the province level and also explored the impact of some factors by the use of Bayesian models. Materials and Methods: Our study population was all men with PC in Iran from 2005 to 2008. Considered risk factors were smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, obesity and human development index. We used empirical and full Bayesian models to study the relative risk in Iran at province level to estimate the risk of PC more accurately. Results: In Iran from 2005 to 2008 the total number of known PC cases was 10,361 with most cases found in Fars and Tehran and the least in Ilam. In all models just human development index was found to be significantly related to PC risk Conclusions: In the unadjusted model, Fars, Semnam, Isfahan and Tehran provinces have the highest and Sistan-and-Baluchestan has the least risk of PC. In general, central provinces have high risk. After adjusting for covariates, Fars and Zanjan provinces have the highest relative risk and Kerman, Northern Khorasan, Kohgiluyeh Boyer Ahmad, Ghazvin and Kermanshah have the lowest relative risk. According to the results, the incidence of PC in provinces with higher human development index is higher.

Chemical responses to modified lignin composition in tension wood of hybrid poplar (<i>Populus tremula × Populus alba</i>)

Al-Haddad, Jameel M.,Kang, Kyu-Young,Mansfield, Shawn D.,Telewski, Frank W. Oxford University Press 2013 Tree physiology Vol.33 No.4

<P>The effect of altering the expression level of the <I>F5H</I> gene was investigated in three wood tissues (normal, opposite and tension wood) in 1-year-old hybrid poplar clone 717 (<I>Populus tremula × Populus alba</I> L.), containing the <I>F5H</I> gene under the control of the <I>C4H</I> promoter. Elevated expression of the <I>F5H</I> gene in poplar has been previously reported to increase the percent syringyl content of lignin. The wild-type and three transgenic lines were inclined 45° for 3 months to induce tension wood formation. Tension and opposite wood from inclined trees, along with normal wood from control trees, were analyzed separately for carbohydrates, lignin, cellulose crystallinity and microfibril angle (MFA). In the wild-type poplar, the lignin in tension wood contained a significantly higher percentage of syringyl than normal wood or opposite wood. However, there was no significant difference in the percent syringyl content of the three wood types within each of the transgenic lines. Increasing the <I>F5H</I> gene expression caused an increase in the percent syringyl content and a slight decrease in the total lignin in normal wood. In tension wood, the addition of a gelatinous layer in the fiber walls resulted in a consistently lower percentage of total lignin in the tissue. Acid-soluble lignin was observed to increase by up to 2.3-fold in the transgenic lines. Compared with normal wood and opposite wood, cell wall crystallinity in tension wood was higher and the MFA was smaller, as expected, with no evidence of an effect from modifying the syringyl monomer ratio. Tension wood in all the lines contained consistently higher total sugar and glucose percentages when compared with normal wood within the respective lines. However, both sugar and glucose percentages were lower in the tension wood of transgenic lines when compared with the tension wood of wild-type trees. Evaluating the response of trees with altered syringyl content to gravity will improve our understanding of the changes in cell wall chemistry and ultrastructural properties of normal, opposite and tension wood in plants.</P>

Current approaches in intensification of long-course chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a review

Peiman Haddad,Reza Ghalehtaki,Arefeh Saeedian,Farshid Farhan,Mohammad Babaei,Mahdi Aghili 대한방사선종양학회 2021 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.39 No.2

Rectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. In many countries, the current standard of care is long-course chemoradiation (CRT), followed by total mesorectal excision. Some efforts have been made by intensifying radiation or chemotherapy components of the neoadjuvant therapy to further decrease the local recurrence and augment surgery’s feasibility and improve the oncological outcomes. This paper reviews recent intensified neoadjuvant interventions in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in terms of efficacy and treatment-related toxicity. Many maneuvers have been made so far to improve the oncological outcomes of rectal cancer with intensified neoadjuvant long-course CRT. Some of these approaches seem compelling and deserve further study, while some have just increased the treatment-related toxicities without evident benefits. Those endeavors with greater pathological complete response than the standard of care may make us await the long-term results on survival rates and chronic treatment-related toxicity. After introduction of neoadjuvant CRT for LARC there have been many efforts to improve its outcomes. Here, this study gathered most of these efforts that intensified the neoadjuvant therapy with some being promising and some being futile.

Characterizing the Cyclic Behavior of Stiffened SPSWs

O. Haddad,N.H. Ramli Sulong,Z. Ibrahim 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.4

To enhance the behavior of steel plate shear walls, stiffeners are attached on the infill plate. The various researches on the stiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) with Low Yield Point (LYP) infill steel plate have approved excellent capacity of this system. In those studies, the researcher focused on the specific type on stiffeners and in some cases, different results was reported. To cover different aspects, to provide comprehensive necessary data for structure designers and, to study the post-buckling and performance factors, this research is conducted. Using the validated Finite Element (FE) models with experimental test results, an analytical study of a single story SPSWs conducted to determine the influence of the selected parameters on the strength, stiffness, energy absorption and seismic performance factors. The variant parameters include the stiffeners pattern, stiffeners thickness, one-side or double-sides stiffeners and the slenderness of the stiffened infill plates. The results showed that cross-stiffened pattern is preferable in the one-side stiffening method while, diagonal pattern in double-side shape. Finally, the value of seismic performance factors is proposed for stiffened SPSWs.

Expression of Recombinant pET22b-LysK-Cysteine/Histidine-Dependent Amidohydrolase/Peptidase Bacteriophage Therapeutic Protein in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)

Hamed Haddad Kashani,Rezvan Moniri 질병관리본부 2015 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.6 No.4

Objectives: Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins are a group of enzymes that act by digesting the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. LysK has been reported to lyse live staphylococcal cultures. LysK proteins containing only the cysteine/ histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP) domain has the capability to show lytic activity against live clinical staphylococcal isolates, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study was to clone and express LysK-CHAP domain in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using pET22b as a secretion vector. The pET22b plasmid was used, which encoded a pelB secretion signal under the control of the strong bacteriophage T7 promoter. Methods: The E. coli cloning strains DH5α and BL21 (DE3) were grown at 37˚C with aeration in the Luria-Bertani medium. A plasmid encoding LysK-CHAP in a pET22b backbone was constructed. The pET22b vector containing LysK-CHAP sequences were digested with NcoI and HindIII restriction enzymes. Cloning accuracy was confirmed by electrophoresis. The pET22b-LysK plasmid was used to transform the E. coli strain BL21. Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was added to a final concentration of 1mM to induce T7 RNA polymerase-based expression. Finally, western blot confirmed the expression of target protein. Results: In this study, after double digestion of pEX and pET22b vectors with HindIII and NcoI, LysK gene was cloned into two HindIII and NcoI sites in pET22b vector, and then transformed to E. coli DH5α. Cloning was confirmed with double digestion and analyzed with agarose gel. The recombinant pET22b-LysK plasmid was transformed to E. coli BL21 and the expression was induced by IPTG. The expression was confirmed by Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting method. Observation of a 28.5 kDa band confirmed LysK protein expression. Conclusion: In the present study, LysK-CHAP domain was successfully cloned and expressed at the pET22b vector and E. coli BL21 (DE3).

Comparison of Bayesian Spatial Ecological Regression Models for Investigating the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Iran, 2005- 2008

Khoshkar, Ahmad Haddad,Koshki, Tohid Jafari,Mahaki, Behzad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent kind of cancer among women in Iran. Regarding the importance of cancer prevention and considerable variation of breast cancer incidence in different parts of the country, it is necessary to recognize regions with high incidence of breast cancer and evaluate the role of potential risk factors by use of advanced statistical models. The present study focussed on incidence of breast cancer in Iran at the province level and also explored the impact of some prominent covariates using Bayesian models. Materials and Methods: All patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Iran from 2005 to 2008 were included in the study. Smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, obesity and the Human Development Index (HDI), measured at the province level, were considered as potential modulating factors. Gamma-Poisson, log normal and BYM models were used to estimate the relative risk of breast cancer in this ecological investigation with and without adjustment for the covariates. Results: The unadjusted BYM model had the best fit among applied models. Without adjustment, Isfahan, Yazd, and Tehran had the highest incidences and Sistan- Baluchestan and Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari had the lowest. With the adjusted model, Khorasan-Razavi, Lorestan and Hamedan had the highest and Ardebil and Kohgiluyeh-Boyerahmad the lowest incidences. A significantly direct association was found between breast cancer incidence and HDI. Conclusions: BYM model has better fit, because it contains parameters that allow including effects from neighbors. Since HDI is a significant variable, it is also recommended that HDI should be considered in future investigations. This study showed that Yazd, Isfahan and Tehran provinces feature the highest crude incidences of breast cancer.