THE ASEANIZATION OF REGIONAL ORDER IN EAST ASIA : A FAILED ENDEAVOR?

Haacke, Juergen 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 1998 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.22 No.3

Migration and venting of deep gases into the ocean through hydrate-choked chimneys offshore Korea

Haacke, R.R.,Hyndman, R.D.,Park, K-P.,Yoo, D-G.,Stoian, I.,Schmidt, U. Geological Society of America 2009 Geology Vol.37 No.6

THE ASEANIZATION OF REGIONAL ORDER IN EAST ASIA : A FAILED ENDEAVOR?

Haacke, Ju¨rgen The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1998 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.22 No.3

The article explores the extent to which the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has succeeded in winning assent for its proposed principles and norms for interstate conduct, and recognition as an equal pole in an emerging regional order. The basic argument is that notwithstanding substantial evidence of ASEAN's central role in key regional institutions and parallels between the ASEAN experience and those of other multilateral regional organizations, one cannot assume the ASEANization of East Asia's regional order to be entrenched or irreversible. To demonstrate this, the article examines the challenges to the ASEANization of regional order in the security realm as posed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States. Beijing has largely responded positively to ASEAN's policy of engagement as regards confidence-building measures, but has been ambiguous about the extent to which it adheres to ASEAN's normative framework in the pursuit of Chinese policy objectives in the South China sea. By contrast, Washington squarely challenges the ASEAN framework. Concerning ASEAN's struggle for recognition, neither China nor the United States appears prepared to accept ASEAN's centrality or even equality in other than formal terms in the future regional security architecture, since such status runs counter to the two powers' own identity claims and security interests.

SEEKING INFLUENCE : CHINA`S DIPLOMACY TOWARD ASEAN AFTER THE ASIAN CRISIS

Haacke, Jurgen 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2002 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.26 No.4

This article analyzes the relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the wider context of international politics in Southeast Asia in the period following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. It describes developments in China-ASEAN relations after the Asian financial crisis, explores China's motivations for enhancing ties with ASEAN, and examines the limits to China's influence in the region. The argument here is that although China's ties with ASEAN have advanced considerably after the Asian crisis, China continues to lack conduct-shaping and context-shaping power in Southeast Asia. The role of the United States and Japan in Southeast Asia, and the significance that ASEAN attaches to relations with these powers, are key factors in understanding why China's influence vis-a-vis ASEAN remains limited. Beijing's recent diplomatic offensive toward ASEAN remains relevant to Chinese leaders in view of Washington and Tokyo's recent attempts to strengthen or at least defend their respective regional influence. China is therefore likely to continue to seek greater influence in the ASEAN region in the foreseeable future.

SEEKING INFLUENCE: CHINA'S DIPLOMACY TOWARD ASEAN AFTER THE ASIAN CRISIS

Jurgen Haacke 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2002 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.26 No.4

This article analyzes the relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the wider context of international politics in Southeast Asia in the period following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. It describes developments in China-ASEAN relations after the Asian financial crisis, explores China’s motivations for enhancing ties with ASEAN, and examines the limits to China’s influence in the region. The argument here is that although China’s ties with ASEAN have advanced considerably after the Asian crisis, China continues to lack conduct-shaping and context-shaping power in Southeast Asia. The role of the United States and Japan in Southeast Asia, and the significance that ASEAN attaches to relations with these powers, are key factors in understanding why China’s influence vis-à-vis ASEAN remains limited. Beijing’s recent diplomatic offensive toward ASEAN remains relevant to Chinese leaders in view of Washington and Tokyo’s recent attempts to strengthen or at least defend their respective regional influence. China is therefore likely to continue to seek greater influence in the ASEAN region in the foreseeable future.

Fluorescence Enhancement of a Microbial Rhodopsin via Electronic Reprogramming

Marí,n, Marí,a del Carmen,Agathangelou, Damianos,Orozco-Gonzalez, Yoelvis,Valentini, Alessio,Kato, Yoshitaka,Abe-Yoshizumi, Rei,Kandori, Hideki,Choi, Ahreum,Jung, Kwang-Hwan,Haacke, Stefan American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.1

<P>The engineering of microbial rhodopsins with enhanced fluorescence is of great importance in the expanding field of optogenetics. Here we report the discovery of two mutants (W76S/Y179F and L83Q) of a sensory rhodopsin from the cyanobacterium <I>Anabaena</I> PCC7120 with opposite fluorescence behavior. In fact, while W76S/Y179F displays, with respect to the wild-type protein, a nearly 10-fold increase in red-light emission, the second is not emissive. Thus, the W76S/Y179F, L83Q pair offers an unprecedented opportunity for the investigation of fluorescence enhancement in microbial rhodopsins, which is pursued by combining transient absorption spectroscopy and multiconfigurational quantum chemistry. The results of such an investigation point to an isomerization-blocking electronic effect as the direct cause of instantaneous (subpicosecond) fluorescence enhancement.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

New Material and Processing Issues for High Quality Parts by Micro-MIM

Rota A.,Imgrund Ph.,Haack J.,Petzoldt F. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

The development of Micro MIM as a new manufacturing process for metallic micro parts made of advanced functional materials has been the subject of considerable research over the last years. This paper addresses important quality aspects on processing of new materials by Micro-MIM. Three examples of new functional materials that can be processed are reviewed in this paper. The first example is two-component-Micro-MIM to obtain multi-functional devices. A micro positioning encoder consisting of a magnetic / non-magnetic material combination is presented. The second issue is series production of the replicate of the smallest human bone in the ear (stapes) from Titanium as an example of medical application. Quality assurance and reproducibility in terms of injection moulding parameters are addressed. In the third part, first results on the processing of the shape memory alloy NiTi by Micro-MIM are presented. Potential applications include biocompatible devices and transportation, for example automotive and aerospace. Processing routes and initial microstructures obtained are discussed.

Systems Biology Engineering of the Pantothenate Pathway to Enhance 3HB Productivity in Escherichia coli

Samer Younes,Dania Awad,Elias Kassab,Martina Haack,Claudia Schuler,Norbert Mehlmer,Thomas Brueck 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.4

The monomer, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), plays an interesting role as a precursor for antibiotics, vitamins, and bioplastics such as polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB). The biotechnological production of both compounds in Escherichia coli has seen increased interest in the last decade. The central metabolite in the 3HB production pathway is acetyl-CoA, the derivative of coenzyme A (CoA). Enriching the intracellular pool of these cofactors could improve 3HB titers. In our study, we opted to increase CoA titers by upregulating pantothenate kinase (PanK), the rate limiting step in CoA biosynthetic pathway. To this end, 4 PanKs genes of different taxonomic origins (mammalian, fungal, and bacterial) were individually expressed and evaluated in 3HB producing E. coli cells. In shake flask studies, strains expressing Aspergillus nidulans PankII and Mus musculus PanK1β achieved the highest 3HB titers. In a bioreactor fermentation, the strain harboring murine PanK1β resulted in 7.6 g/L compared to 5.4 g/L of 3HB in the control strain. Although structurally different from the bacterial PankI, our study showed that eukaryotic Panks can supplement the kinase activity in prokaryotes. Expressing the exogenous PanKs offer several advantages over the host’s enzyme; PanKII is only inhibited by acetyl- CoA, for which the 3HB-production system would provide a constant metabolic sink. Additionally, PanK1β is weakly regulated by acetyl-CoA, and its activity is stimulated by free CoA. Overexpressing eukaryotic PanKs constitutes a suitable strategy for improving 3HB titers in E. coli.