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농촌지역의 생활폐기물 발생 특성 : 경북지역을 중심으로 Detailed Kyeongbuk Area
권기홍,조병락,전영국 영남이공대학 산업기술연구소 2003 産業技術硏究 Vol.15 No.-
This study was carried out to investigate the generation and physico-chemical composition of solid wastes in the Kyeongbuk area. As a result, the generation rate of municipal solid wastes(MSWs) in the Kyeongbuk area have been lower('96 : 43,757ton/day → '01 : 42,384ton/day), but recyclable wastes of them have been higher ('96 : 10,592ton/day →'01 : 12,828ton/day). The annual generation rate of MSWs in the country was 0.96kg in 1996, 0.92kg in 2001, respectively, it has maintained below 1.0kg, but it was 1.03kg in 1996, 0.94kg in 2001 in Kyeangbuk area, respectively. In MSWs, food wastes in the country and the Kyeongbuk area are 8,510kg and 493kg, and separation rate of food waste are 37.8% and 59.4%, respectively. Totally the generation rate of MSWs was decreased, but recyclable products of MSWs was increased. Three components, heating value, elements analysis in 2001 was similer to 1996's results.
조혈모세포이식 환자에서의 기계 환기의 위험 인자 : Assessment of Risk Factors
안중경,이홍기,황정혜,박세훈,이효락,송서영,이순일,박준오,김기현,김원석,정철원,임영혁,강원기,박근칠 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.1
연구배경: 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자에서 집중 치료 시 예후가 매우 나쁜 것으로 알려져 있고, 기계 환기는 강력한 사망 예측 인자로서 보고되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 이식 환자에서 기계 환기의 위험 인자를 밝힌 연구는 매우 드물다. 따라서 기계 환기를 시행한 조혈모세포이식 환자의 임상적 특징을 살펴보고 기계 환기에 대한 위험 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 삼성서울병원에서 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자 중 기계 환기를 시행한 23명과 기계 환기를 시행하지 않은 142명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 기계 환기에 대한 위험 인자의 여부에 관해서는 chi-square 또는 Fisher's exact 검정을 시행하였으며 기계 환기에 대한 각 위험 인자의 영향에 관해서는 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 기계 환기를 시행한 23명의 환자 중 30일째 생존자는 1명이었고 6개월째 생존율은 0%였다. 생존자와 사망자 모두에서 다기관 기능부전이 관찰되었으며, APACHE II 점수와 SAPS II 점수에 의한 예측 사망률은 각각 56%, 59%였다. 조혈모세포이식 후 기계 환기의 위험 인자로는 선행 질환이 혈액질환, 부분불일치 동종이식, 간정맥폐색성질환, 이식 전 질병 상태가 재발하였거나 약물에 반응하지 않는 경우였다. 다중로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 기계 환기의 위험 인자로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타낸 것은 단지 부분불일치 동종이식을 시행한 경우였다. 결론: 현재까지 조혈모세포이식 환자에서 집중 치료의 역할에 대해서는 확실히 정립되어 있지는 않으며, 이식 환자에서 기계 환기는 강력한 사망 예측 인자이다. 따라서, 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자에서 기계 환기의 위험 인자와 불량한 예후 인자를 고려하여 기계 환기 여부에 대한 신중한 결정을 내려야 한다. Background: Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a frequent, critical complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients who require mechanical ventilatory support after HSCT generally have a very poor prognosis. Mechanical ventilation in HSCT recipients is a strong predictive factor of mortality. The objectives of this study are to describe clinical characteristics of HSCT recipients undergoing mechanical ventilation and to identify the risk factors for mechanical ventilatory support after HSCT. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients >15 yrs old who received HSCT at Samsung Medical Center and subsequently required mechanical ventilatory support between 1996 and 2001. Results: Thirty-day mortality rate in HSCT recipients undergoing mechanical ventilation was 95.6%. The mean predictive mortality rates of APAHCE II score and SAPS II score were 56% and 59%, respectively. Reasons for mechanical ventila-tion were sepsis (47.8%) followed by fungal infection (13%) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (8.7%). Univariate analysis identified relapsed or refractory diseases at HSCT, hematologic disease, hepatic venoocclusive disease and allogeneic or HLA-mismatched transplant as significant risk factors for mechanical ventilation. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, only allogeneic mismatched transplant remained significant. Conclusion: Overall outcome of HSCT recipients undergoing mechanical ventilation is very poor. Therefore, the risk factors and the poor prognostic factors for mechanical ventilation should be taken into account in making further treatment decision for HSCT recipients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery System Modified with RGD Peptide for Anti-Angiogenesis
( Rak Jun Hong ),( Young Min Kim ),( Joung Pyo Nam ),( Seong Cheol Park ),( Young Hoon Park ),( Mi Kyeong Jang ),( Jae Woon Nah ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2013 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.18 No.3
We prepared a delivery agent in which RGD peptide is conjugated to low molecular water soluble chitosan (LMWSC) in order to deliver gene to new born blood vessels. Hydrophilic property is added to LMWSC by conjugating PEG to it. The characteristic peak of phenyl group of RGD peptide that appeared at 7.2~7.3 ppm as well as the proton peak of RGD`s carbon chain that appeared at 1.2 ppm proved that LMPR is successfully synthesized. Formation of the complex of the prepared LMWSC-PEG-RGD (LMPR) and genes was confirmed by the particle size measured by TEM and DLS. TEM and DLS measurements confirmed the spherical nanoparticle size of 170 nm which is capable of delivering genes safely. The result of an electrophoresis test confirmed that genes were completely retarded at the conjugation rate of 1:20, and that a complex was formed by complete charge interaction of chitosan`s positive charge. Furthermore, the result of an MTT assay confirmed that is almost non-toxic. The proposed LMWSC-PEG-RGD (LMPR) delivery system has superior potential as a new gene delivery system that induces necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells and obtains synergistic cancer curing effects.
Lichenoid drug eruption related to nivolumab in melanoma patient
( Kyu Rak Hong ),( Jeong Yeon Hong ),( Woo Il Kim ),( Sung Yul Lee ),( Kyu Uang Whang ),( Young Lip Park ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1
PD-1(Programmed cell death 1)inhibitors, such as Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab, are used to treat melanoma of skin, but they can induce lichenoid drug eruption as one of the common skin side effects. We report at a 87-year-old woman presenting with polygonal, violaceous papules and plaques with overlying white scale, symmetrically distributed on the arms, legs, and trunk, and no involvement of the mucosa for a month. She was diagnosed with melanoma with multiple lymph node involvement 6 months ago and treated with Nivolumab for 2 months, and there have been no changes in other drugs. Histological examination revealed localized dyskeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, interface dermatitis, and lichenoid infiltration consisted of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils at the upper dermis. Based on her drug history, clinical features and histologic examination, she was diagnosed with lichenoid drug eruption due to Nivolumab and improved by systemic steroid and antihistamines. Although the mechanism of the onset is still unclear, it is thought to be caused by cross reaction of normal skin which induced by immunological changes of T lymphocytes to potential antigens due to the target effect on the PD-1/PDL1 pathway, rather than nonspecific hypersensitivity. Recently, drug eruption after using PD-1 inhibitor has been estimated as a positive predictor of treatment response, but further study is needed.
산지별 더덕 추출물의 폐암 및 난소암에 대한 항암 효능
조영락 ( Young Rak Cho ),김수현 ( Soo Hyeon Kim ),윤현재 ( Hyun Jae Yoon ),홍삼열 ( Sam Yeol Hong ),고희영 ( Hee Young Ko ),박은희 ( Eun Hee Park ),김명동 ( Myoung Dong Kim ),서동완 ( Dong Wan Seo ) 한국산업식품공학회 2011 산업 식품공학 Vol.15 No.1
Codonopsis lanceolata L. (Campanulaceae) has long been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat bronchitis, cough, and inflammatory diseases, however, the efficacy of anti-tumor activities remains to be defined. In this study the effects of Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) on proliferation, migration and adhesion in lung (A549, H1299) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cells were investigated. To assess and compare the pharmacological effects and production places of C. lanceolata, the ethanolic extracts of C. lanceolata from different places in Korea (Hongseong, Yecheon, Yeongwol, Yanggu, Gangjin, and Hoengseong) were prepared. The extract from Hoengseong county did have only marginal anti-proliferative activity in all the cell lines tested, however, other extracts had little or no effect on cell proliferation. The extracts from Hongseong, Gangjin or Hoengseong county had partial anti-migratory activity in lung cancer cells, but not in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the extract from Hoengseong county had partial anti-adhesive activity in ovarian cancer cells, however, other extracts did not affect cell adhesion in both lung and ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, these findings provide the first description of anti-tumor efficacy of C. lanceolata from different production places in Korea, and suggest that C. lanceolata from Hoengseong county may have therapeutic potential in lung and ovarian cancers.
대학수학능력시험 화학 2 문항에 대한 학생들의 응답 분석
홍미영(Mi Young Hong),정경문(Kyung Moon Jeon),이범홍(Bum Hong Yi),이양락(Yang Rak Lee) 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.1
In this study, the students` responses on the items of chemistry Ⅱ in the College Scholastics Ability Test (CAST) implemented for the past 3 years since 1999 was investigated. The number of applicants and mean score of chemistry Ⅱ, average percent correct by contents and inquiry process, and the items with high and/or low percent correct are analysed and discussed. The percentage of applicants for natural science track is reduced each year. However, more than 25% of natural science track applied to chemistry Ⅱ, which ranked second to biology Ⅱ. The mean score of chemistry Ⅱ was increased in 2001 along with those of other subjects. There is no difference in average percent correct either by contents or inquiry process. Students performed generally poor at solving test items relating to `colligative properties of solution` such as `boiling point elevation` or `osmotic pressure`, and very well at solving test items relating to `reaction rates`, Educational implications are discussed.
대학수학능력시험 공통과학 중 화학 영역의 문항 및 응시자 응답 분석
홍미영(Mi Young Hong),전경문(Kyung Moon Jeon),이양락(Yang Rak Lee),이범홍(Bum Hong Yi) 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.2
In this study, the students` responses on the chemistry items of in the general science of College Scholastics Ability Test (CSAT) implemented for the past 3 years since 1999 were investigated. The number of items by content and inquiry process, the average percent correct by content and inquiry process, the distribution of items by the level of percent correct, and the items with high and/or low percent correct were analysed. There were the fewest items in `environment` area, especially in `ozon layer`, no test item had been made. The most difficult content area was `acid rain` in environment. By inquiry process, the most number of items belonged to `analyzing & interpreting data` , and `identifying problems & formulating hypothesis` was the most difficult process. No test item came under the level of `very difficult`, and many items under the `easy` or `very easy` level. Students were generally poor at solving test items demanding several concepts, and very good at simply requiring basic concept treated in lower grade. Educational implications are discussed.