Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant H1N2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources

Lee, J.H.,Pascua, P.N.Q.,Decano, A.G.,Kim, S.M.,Park, S.J.,Kwon, H.I.,Kim, E.H.,Kim, Y.I.,Kim, H.,Kim, S.Y.,Song, M.S.,Jang, H.K.,Park, B.K.,Choi, Y.K. Elsevier Science 2015 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.34 No.-

In 2011-2012, contemporary North American-like H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) possessing the 2009 pandemic H1N1 matrix gene (H3N2pM-like virus) were detected in domestic pigs of South Korea where H1N2 SIV strains are endemic. More recently, we isolated novel reassortant H1N2 SIVs bearing the Eurasian avian-like swine H1-like hemagglutinin and Korean swine H1N2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the H3N2pM-like virus. In the present study, we clearly provide evidence on the genetic origins of the novel H1N2 SIVs virus through genetic and phylogenetic analyses. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in comparison with a pre-existing 2012 Korean H1N2 SIV [A/swine/Korea/CY03-1½012 (CY03-1½012)], the 2013 novel reassortant H1N2 isolate [A/swine/Korea/CY0423/2013 (CY0423-12/2013)] replicated more efficiently in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. The CY0423-12/2013 virus induced higher viral titers than the CY03-1½012 virus in the lungs and nasal turbinates of infected mice and nasal wash samples of ferrets. Moreover, the 2013 H1N2 reassortant, but not the intact 2012 H1N2 virus, was transmissible to naive contact ferrets via respiratory-droplets. Noting that the viral precursors have the ability to infect humans, our findings highlight the potential threat of a novel reassortant H1N2 SIV to public health and underscore the need to further strengthen influenza surveillance strategies worldwide, including swine populations.

N₂/ CH₄가스비에 따른 Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride 박막의 특성

장홍규(H. K. Jang),김근식(G. S. Kim),황보상우(S. W. Whangbo),이연승(Y. S. Lee),황정남(C. N. Whang),유영조(Y. Z. Yoo),김효근(H. G. Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.3

DC saddle-field-plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition(PECVD) 장치를 이용하여 상온에서 p-type Si (100) 기판위에 hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride [a-C:H(N)]박막을 증착하였다. 원료가스인 CH₄과 N₂의 전체압력은 90 mTorr로 고정하고 N₂/CH₄비를 0에서 4까지 변화하면서 제작한 a-C:H(N) 박막의 미세 구조의 변화를 연구하였다. 진공조의 도달 진공도는 1×10^(-6) Torr이고, 본 실험시 CH₄+N₂가스의 유량은 5 sc㎝으로 고정하고 배기량을 조절하여 진공조의 가스 압력을 90 mTorr로 고정하였으며 기판에 200 V의 직류 bias 전압을 인가하였다. α-step과 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용한 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 0.5로 증가함에 따라 박막 두께는 4840 Å에서 2600 Å으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 박막내의 탄소에 대한 질소함유량(N/C비)는 N₂/CH₄비가 4일때 최대 0.25로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 XPS 스펙트럼의 fitting 결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가할수록 CN결합이 증가하였다. Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가함에 따라 박막내의 C-H 결합은 감소하고, N-H, C≡N 결합은 증가하였다. Optical bandgap 측정 결 과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 4로 증가함에 따라 a-C:H(N)박막의 bandgap 에너지는 2.53 eV에서 2.3 eV로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride[a-C:H(N)] films were deposited on p-type Si(100) at room temperature with substrate bias voltage of 200 V by DC saddle-field plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Effects of the ratio of N₂to CH₄(N₂/CH₄), in the range of 0 and 4 on such properties as optical properties, microstucture, relative fraction of nitrogen and carbon, etc. of the films have been investigated. The thickness of the a-C:H(N) film was abruptly decreased with the addition of nitrogen, but at N₂/CH₄> 0.5, the thickness of the film gradually decreased with the increase of the N₂/CH₄. The ratio of N to C(N/C) of the films was saturated at 0.25 with the increase of N₂/CH₄. N-H, C≡N bonds of the films increased but C-H bond decreased with the increase of N₂/CH₄. Optical band gap energy of the film decreased from 2.53 eV deposited with pure methane to 2.3 eV at the ratio of N₂/CH₄=4.

Disposition and metabolism of (2S,3S,4R)-N''-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxy methyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine, a novel neuroprotective agent for ischemia-reperfusion damage, in rats

Kim, N. S.,Yoo, H. H.,Lee, M. W.,Kim, H. S.,Kim, D. H. Taylor & Francis 2007 Xenobiotica Vol.37 No.5

<P> The metabolism and disposition of KR31378 (a benzopyran derivative and a novel neuroprotective agent) were investigated following single oral or intravenous administration of [14C]-KR31378 to rats. [14C]-KR31378 was rapidly absorbed after oral dosing with an oral bioavailability of greater than 71%. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of total radioactivity in rat plasma increased proportionally to the administered dose. KR31378 was distributed over all organs and tissues except for brain, eyeball and testis, and declined by first order kinetics up to 24 h after dosing. Excretion of the radioactivity was 29.5% of the dose in the urine and 58.5% in the feces within 2 days after oral administration. Biliary excretion of the radioactivity in bile duct-cannulated rats was about 66.0% for the first 24 h. KR31378 was extensively metabolized by ring hydroxylation, O-demethylation, oxidation and reduction with subsequent N-acetylation and O-glucuronide conjugation. N-acetylated conjugates (M2, M10, M11, M12, M14, and M15) were identified as the predominant metabolites in rats.</P>

Imazethapyr 유도체의 제초활성에 미치는 3-(N-methyl-N-(X)-치환-phenylaminooxoacetyl) group의 영향

성낙도,김현재,장해성,김대황 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1993 생물공학연구지 Vol.3 No.-

새로운 25종의 Imazethapyr 유도체, (2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-3-(N-methyl-N-(X)치환 -phenylaminooxoacetyl)-5-methylpyridine)들을 합성하여 치환기(X) 변화에 따른 발아 전 후, 피(Echinochla crus-galli.)의 제초활성에 미치는 3-(N-methyl-N-(X)치환 -phenylaminoozoacetyl) group의 영향을 검토한 바, 발아 전보다 발아 후의 제초활성에 더 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 발아 후의 제초활성은 X-치환기의 전자밀게 효과와 입체상수(E_s)에 의존적이었으며 가장 큰 제초활성을 나타내는 화합물로는 bulky(E_s<O)하고 전자밀게 (б<O)가 치환된 화합물, 15(4-t-butyl group)와 20(3,5-dimethyl group)이었다. 그리고 높은 제초활성을 나타낼 것으로 예상되는 화합물의 조건들이 검토되었다. (1993년 9월 18일 접수, 1993년 9월 22일 수리). New twenty five Imazethapyr derivatives, [2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-3-(N-methyl-N-X(sub.)-phenylaminooxoacetyl)-5-methylpyridine] were synthesized. and The quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) between their post-emergence herbicidal activity(pI_50) values in vivo against Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and physicochemical parameters of substituents(X) of 3-(N-methyl-N-X(sub.)-phenylaminoo-xoacetyl) group have been studied. From the basis on the findings, in case of post-emergence, the activities were dependent on the steric constant(E_s<θ)and electron donating (o<O) effect by subsitituents(X) of 3-(N-methyl-N-X(sub.)phenylaminooxacetyl) group. Therefore, The most effective compound, 15 (4-t-butyl group) and 20 (3,5-dimethyl group) were examined in this study. And the conditions on the compounds predicted to show higher herbicidal activity were also discussed.

Effect of the Length of Feed Withdrawal on Weight Loss, Yield and Meat Color of Broiler

Kim, D.H.,Yoo, Y.M.,Kim, S.H.,Jang, B.G.,Park, B.Y.,Cho, S.H.,Seong, P.N.,Hah, K.H.,Lee, J.M.,Kim, Y.K.,Hwang, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.1

The current study was conducted to determine the optimum length of feed withdrawal for pre-harvest broilers. A total of three hundred broilers were sampled from an industrial population, and 30 chicks for each weight group (e.g., 1.5 and 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Weight loss, yield, muscle pH, objective meat color and weights of gastro intestinal contents, crop, gizzard, provenriculus, small intestine, caecum, and rectum were determined. Live weight loss was significantly (p<0.05) increased as length of feed withdrawal extended. A significant (p<0.05) carcass yield for both 1.5 and 2.5 kg groups coincided after 9 and 6 h feed withdrawal, respectively. Net weights of intestinal contents for crop and gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 6 h, and the reduction for proventriculus and small intestine occurred from 3 h. A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on pH for breast muscle at 3 h postmortem occurred only when chicks were fasted for 3 h of which pH (6.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for other groups including the control (5.74). There was a linear tendency of higher lightness (Hunter L* value) numerically for chicks fasted for longer periods. The highest coefficient of determinations of regression models to estimate weight loss as a function of fasting period and body weights were achieved, when the models included both linear and quadratic terms for fasting period, and linear term for both 1.5 ($R^2=0.76$) and 2.5 kg ($R^2=0.78$) body weight groups. Given the practical aspect, approximately 1.5 kg of body weight is dominant, weight loss could be predicted by the following function; live weight $loss=26.6-0.28{\times}(fasting period)^2+12.34{\times}pasting\;period-0.012{\times}body\;weight$, $R^2=0.76$. Current data implied that the optimum fasting time for pre-slaughter chicks varied depending on slaughter weight; 6 and 9-h fasting were recommendable for 2.5 and 1.5 kg chicks, with little effect on objective meat color.

Interannual variation in summer N₂O concentration in the hypoxic region of the northern Gulf of Mexico, 1985-2007

Kim, I.-N.,Lee, K.,Bange, H. W.,Macdonald, A. M. Copernicus GmbH 2013 Biogeosciences Vol.10 No.11

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Microbial nitrous oxide (N₂O) production in the ocean is enhanced under low-oxygen (O₂) conditions. This is especially important in the context of increasing hypoxia (i.e., oceanic zones with extremely reduced O₂ concentrations). Here, we present a study on the interannual variation in summertime nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations in the bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM), which is well-known as the site of the second largest seasonally occurring hypoxic zone worldwide. To this end we developed a simple model that computes bottom-water N₂O concentrations with a tri-linear ΔN₂O/O₂ relationship based on water-column O₂ concentrations, derived from summer (July) Texas-Louisiana shelf-wide hydrographic data between 1985 and 2007. &amp;Delta;N₂O (i.e., excess N₂O) was computed including nitrification and denitrification as the major microbial production and consumption pathways of N₂O. The mean modeled bottom-water N₂O concentration for July in the nGOM was 14.5 ± 2.3 nmol L⁻¹ (min: 11.0 ± 4.5 nmol L⁻¹ in 2000 and max: 20.6 ± 11.3 nmol L⁻¹ in 2002). The mean bottom-water N₂O concentrations were significantly correlated with the areal extent of hypoxia in the nGOM. Our modeling analysis indicates that the nGOM is a persistent summer source of N₂O, and nitrification is dominating N₂O production in this region. Based on the ongoing increase in the areal extent of hypoxia in the nGOM, we conclude that N₂O production (and its subsequent emissions) from this environmentally stressed region will probably continue to increase into the future.</p> </P>

Measurement of $^{93}Nb(n,n{\alpha})^{89m}Y$, $^{93}Nb(n,{\alpha})^{90m}Y$ and $^{93}Nb(n,2n)^{92m}Nb$ Cross Sections for 14 MeV Neutrons

김영석,김낙배,정기형,박혜일,Kim, Y.S.,Kim, N.B.,Chung, K.H.,Bak, H.I. Korean Nuclear Society 1986 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.18 No.2

The $^{93}Nb(n,n\alpha)^{89m}Y$, $^{93}Nb(n,{\alpha})^{90m}Y$ and $^{93}Nb(n,2n)^{92m}Nb$ cross sections at a neutron energy of 14.6 MeV have been measured relative to the $^{27}Al(n,p)^{27}Mg$ and $^{27}Al(n,{\alpha})^{24}Na$ cross sections. A small accelerator utilizing $T(D,n)^4He$ reaction was used as a neutron source and the neutron energy spread is about 0.4MeV at the sample. All induced activities were measured with a 70cc HPGe detector in the same geometry.

Association of thromboxane A2 receptor (<i>TBXA2R</i>) gene polymorphism in patients with aspirin‐intolerant acute urticaria

Palikhe, N. S.,Kim, S.‐,H.,Lee, H.‐,Y.,Kim, J.‐,H.,Ye, Y.‐,M.,Park, H.‐,S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Clinical and experimental allergy Vol.41 No.2

<P>Cite this as: N. S. Palikhe, S.‐H. Kim,H.‐Y. Lee, J.‐H. Kim, Y.‐M. Ye and H.‐S. Park, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 179–185.</P><P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background </B> The thromboxane A2 receptor (<I>TBXA2R</I>) is a potent broncho‐ and vaso‐constrictor and is associated with leukotriene synthesis. Polymorphisms in the <I>TBXA2R</I> gene have been linked to atopy, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. This study evaluated the association between genetic <I>TBXA2R</I> variants and the development of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)‐intolerant acute urticaria (AIAU).</P><P><B>Methods </B> AIAU patients (<I>n</I>=167), ASA‐intolerant chronic urticaria (AICU) patients (<I>n</I>=149), and healthy controls (NC) (<I>n</I>=265) were included. All patients were enrolled at Ajou University Hospital in Suwon, Korea. Two <I>TBXA2R</I> polymorphisms (−4684T>C and 795T>C) were genotyped by primer extension using a SNAPshot ddNTP primer extension kit. Luciferase activity was measured using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay kit. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed using a nuclear extract from a human mast cell line (HMC‐1).</P><P><B>Results </B> Genetic association data demonstrated that compared with NC subjects, AIAU patients had a significantly higher frequency of the homozygous TT genotype of <I>TBXA2R</I>−4684T>C (<I>P=</I>0.005, <I>P</I><SUB>corr</SUB>=0.03). No differences were identified between the AICU and the NC groups. Luciferase activity, reflecting promoter activity, was significantly lower with the <I>TBXA2R</I>−4684T‐containing construct than with the −4684C‐containing construct (<I>P</I><0.001); the activity decreased further upon co‐transfection with ETS‐like gene transcription factor‐1 (ELK‐1) (<I>P=</I>0.012). EMSA revealed that the −4684T allele produced a specific shifted band, with a greater affinity than that produced by the −4684C allele.</P><P><B>Conclusion and clinical relevance </B> These results suggest that the <I>TBXA2R</I>−4684T allele may be associated with lower TBXA2R expression, which may contribute to the development of the AIAU phenotype.</P>

Neural stem cells injured by oxidative stress can be rejuvenated by GV1001, a novel peptide, through scavenging free radicals and enhancing survival signals

Park, H.H.,Yu, H.J.,Kim, S.,Kim, G.,Choi, N.Y.,Lee, E.H.,Lee, Y.J.,Yoon, M.Y.,Lee, K.Y.,Koh, S.H. Elsevier BV 2016 NeuroToxicology Vol.55 No.-

<P>Oxidative stress is a well-known pathogenic mechanism of a diverse array of neurological diseases, and thus, numerous studies have attempted to identify antioxidants that prevent neuronal cell death. GV1001 is a 16-amino-acid peptide derived from human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Considering that hTERT has a strong antioxidant effect, whether GV1001 also has an antioxidant effect is a question of interest. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GV1001 against oxidative stress in neural stem cells (NSCs). Primary culture NSCs were treated with different concentrations of GV1001 and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for various time durations. The H2O2 decreased the viability of the NSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, with 200 mu M H2O2 significantly decreasing both proliferation and migration. However, treatment with GV1001 rescued the viability, proliferation and migration of H2O2 injured NSCs. Consistently, free radical levels were increased in rat NSCs treated with H2O2, while co-treatment with GV1001 significantly reduced these levels, especially the intracellular levels. In addition, GV1001 restored the expression of survival-related proteins and reduced the expression of death associated ones in NSCs treated with H2O2. In conclusion, GV1001 has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in NSCs following treatment with H2O2, which appear to be mediated by scavenging free radicals, increasing survival signals and decreasing death signals. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Urinary concentration of transforming growth factor-&bgr;-inducible gene-h3(&bgr;ig-h3) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cha, D. R.,Kim, I. S.,Kang, Y. S.,Han, S. Y.,Han, K. H.,Shin, C.,Ji, Y. H.,Kim, N. H. Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 Diabetic medicine Vol.22 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>The expression of TGF&bgr;-inducible gene h3(&bgr;ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF&bgr; in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (<I>n</I> = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (<I>n</I> = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (<I>n</I> = 126). Urinary levels of &bgr;ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</P><P>Results </P><P>(i) Urinary excretion of &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 18.67 ± 6.56, <I>P</I> = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 34.06 ± 24.55 vs. 169.63 ± 57.33, <I>P</I> < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 (healthy control; <I>r</I> = 0.137, <I>P</I> = 0.019, diabetic patients; <I>r</I> = 0.604, <I>P</I> < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 in diabetic patients (<I>r =</I> 0.383, <I>P</I> = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: <I>r</I> = 0.436, <I>P</I> = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, <I>r</I> = 0.365, <I>P</I> = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> (cholesterol: <I>r</I> = 0.169, <I>P</I> = 0.03, HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>; <I>r</I> = 0.387, <I>P</I> = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Longitudinal monitoring of urinary &bgr;ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and &bgr;ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.</P>