양산단층 중앙부의 활단층 지형과 Trench 조사

조화룡,강전독정,전명순,김성작,도변만구,좌등비여지,전정수,지헌철,미지화부 한국지형학회 1994 한국지형학회지 Vol.1 No.2

梁山斷層系의 중앙부에 대하여 항공사진 판독과 현지 지형, 지질 조사를 통하여 다음과 같은 사실이 밝혀졌다. 1. 梁山斷層系는 第脚紀(後期)에도 활동을 반복하고 있는 活斷層이다. 따라서 이 단충은 그 좌우에 분포하는 高位, 中位, 低位의 각 河岸段丘面 모두를 상, 하방향으로 누적적으로 변화시키고 있다. 2. 梁山斷層系의 중앙부에서 段丘面의 變位로 미루어 볼 때 동측이 상대적으로 隆起하고 있다. 이것은 이 지역의 中地形的 山地高度의 분포와는 逆이다. 3. 斷層線온 현저하게 直線的으로 연장되어 있고, 斷層面은 거의 수직이다. 이 斷層系에 수반되는 破碑帶도 폭 수십 m 이상으로 넓고, 현저한 斷層粘土帶와 變形帶를 동반한다. 4. 偏平礫의 변형 형태에 의하면 走向移動이 탁월한 단층운동이 추정된다. 斷層粘土帶의 破碎物質의 관찰에 의하여 右橫變位走向移動(right strike slip)이 인정된다. 5. 이들의 특징으로부터 梁山斷層系는 走商移動(右橫變位)이 탁월한 活斷層으로 판명되었다. 段丘面 및 堆積物의 추정 계산치로부터 梁山斷層系의 평균 상, 하 變位 速度는 0.02-0.03㎜/y. 정도이고, 右橫變位의 평균 속도는 적어도 C급 상위(0.05∼0.1㎜/y.) 정도이든지 이것을 약간 상회하는 정도일 것으로 추정된다. 6. 低位 및 最低位의 段丘面에서는 上位變位를 밝히기 어려웠다. 이들의 段丘面 위에는 논으로 이용되고 있기 때문에 오랜 기간 동안 인공적으로 改變을 받아왔으며 이들 단구면 위에서 1 ∼2m 정도의 상·하 변위가 있었다고 해도 인공적 개변이 이를 지워버렸을 것이다. 따라서 이들의 최근에 형성된 단구면에서는 변위의 유무를 언급할 수 없었다. Many distinct lineaments have been recognized by Landsat images In Korea Peninsula. The Yangsan fault system situated in the southeastern part of Korea is especially linear, continuously traceable for a long distance(about 200㎞), and particularly remarkable among these linearnent. The topographic expression of the Yangsan fault system is derived from the straightly stretching fault valley with wide shattered zones in the direction of NNE-SSW. This fault system extends for about 200㎞ from the mouth of the Nagdong River west of Busan in the south to Yeondong in the north, and geologically separates Korean Peninsula from the East Sea. The amount of horizontal displacement may reach 30㎞. It is recognized as one of the most important faults in Korea Peninsula. From the interpretations of aerial photographs, and field surveys along the central part of the Yangsan fault system, the main results are summarized as follows; 1. The Yangsan fault system has repeatedly moved in the late Quaternary. The lower to higher river terrace surface on this system show cumulative vertical offsets. 2. The vertical component is upthrown on the east side from considering the terrace offset and the distribution of the mountainous lands. This vertical movement is reverse to the topographical situation on the meso-scale. 3. The fault trace is extremely straight. The fault plane is almost vertical. The shattered zone exceeds tens of meters in width with a remarkable fault gouge. 4. The longer axis of flat clasts within the gravel excavated in the exploratory trench showed the rearrangement along the fault. The predominantly right-lateral movements were recognized as the elongation of clayey parts and breccias in the fault gouge. 5. From these characteristics, the Yangsan fault was clarified to be active with predominantly right-lateral movement. Estimated ages of terraces and its deposits give average rates of vertical and right slip on the Yangsan fault system at about 0.02~0.03&/y., respectively. 6. The fault topography is not found on the lower terraces. As the surface of lower fault scarplets less than a few meters high might have been modified or destroyed by the human actions. Therefore, we cannot mention the existence of the younger movement on the lower terraces.

이소성 ACTH 의 분비에 의한 ACTH 증후군을 동반한 소세포폐암 1 예

김경희,조성태,유재명,우인숙,박명재,박영이,지제근 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

About 5% of patients with SCLC have the ectopic production of ACTH. Ectopic ACTH production of SCLC is suspected when patients of SCLC have unexplained metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. Most patients lack the classic feature of Cushing's syndrome. According to the recent report, they have poor prognosis, which median survival is less than 4 months and associated with a high rate of complication during chemotherapy. Also a case of paraneoplastic CRH production with SCLC can mimic the ectopic ACTH syndrome hut it can be distinguished by immunohistochemistry or direct measurement of serum CRH level. We report here a case of small cell lung cancer associated with Cushing's syndrome of ectopic ACTH production. That is immunohistochemically provened by staining with ACTH.

How 2020-2021 Changed the Life Perspectives of Composer Chihchun Chi-sun Lee

( Michael Sidney Timpson ),( Chichchun Chi-sun Lee ) 한국음악학학회 2021 음악학 Vol.29 No.2

대만계 미국인 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 서울에 거주는 프리랜서 작곡가이다. 치천 지선 리는 보스턴 심포니 오케스트라의 위촉을 받은 최초의 대만 작곡가이자, 2001년과 2018년 하버드 대학교 프롬 음악 재단의 위촉을 받고, 2015년에는 구겐하임 펠로우를 받은 세계적인 작곡가이다. 세계를 횡단하며 활동하던 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 전지구적 영향으로 연주자들과 함께하는 리허설, 관객을 대상으로 하는 무대가 불가능해지면서 작곡가로서의 일상에 큰 변화를 겪었다. 계속해서 여러 음악 단체들과 협연을 기획하며 연주 활동을 이어가야 하는 프리랜서 작곡가에게는 치명적인 영향이 아닐 수 없다. 이 글은 코로나 19가 전 지구를 휩쓴 지난 2년 치천 지선 리가 프리랜서 작곡가로서 겪을 수밖에 없었던 활동의 변화와 그럼에도 악착같이 작곡을 이어나간 그녀의 창작활동을 소개한다. 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 위기를 기회로 바꾸어 디지털 기술을 활용해 물리적 제한 없이 더욱 다양한 지역의 사람들과 소통했다. 코로나 19는 전지구적 단위에서 현재 벌어지고 있는 여러 사회 현안들을 보다 자세하게 들여다볼 기회를 제공했다. 성공적인 코로나 방역을 자랑하지만 여전히 세계정치에서 소외된 그녀의 모국 대만, 미국의 치열한 정치와 선거, 다양한 지역의 전통 민요와 동요 등은 팬데믹 시기 치천 지선 리가 새로 발견하고 경험한 작곡의 원천이다. Taiwanese American Chichun Chi-sun Lee is a freelance composer who resides in Seoul, South Korea. She was the first Taiwanese composer to be commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and she was also commissioned by the Fromm Music Foundation at Harvard University, in both 2001 and 2018. Additionally, Lee received the prestigious Guggenheim Fellow in 2015. These great honors prove that she was approaching a milestone of a successful composition career. However, COVID-19, which has affected all universally, breaks her routine to succeed in her carrier as a composer who inevitably requires social gathering for rehearsal, practice, and live performance. This paper demonstrates how Chichun Chi-sun Lee as a freelancer composer overcame the worldwide lockdown via COVID-19 and created her musical pieces during the last two years. She has turned the crisis into opportunities and took advantage of technologies to communicate much globally without physical restriction. Moreover, pandemic gave her a chance to look at the issues in globalized society under the microscope. She shares what she has produced during the last two years through experiences in her native country Taiwan which has successfully prevented COVID-19 but is still alienated from global society, fraught elections and politicizing in the US, and multi-local traditional folk music and plays she has found through digital media.

Analysis on the Amino Acid Distributions with Position in Transmembrane Proteins

Chi, Sang-Mun 한국데이터정보과학회 2005 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This paper presents a statistical analysis on the position-specific distributions of amino acid residues in transmembrane proteins. A hidden Markov model segments membrane proteins to produce segmented regions of homogeneous statistical property from variable-length amino acids sequences. These segmented residues are analyzed by using chi-square statistic and relative-entropy in order to find position-specific amino acids. This analysis showed that isoleucine and valine concentrated on the center of membrane-spanning regions, tryptophan, tyrosine and positive residues were found frequently near both ends of membrane.

Correction: Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials

Hwang, Chi-Young,Kim, Gi Heon,Yang, Jong-Heon,Hwang, Chi-Sun,Cho, Seong M.,Lee, Won-Jae,Pi, Jae-Eun,Choi, Ji Hun,Choi, Kyunghee,Kim, Hee-Ok,Lee, Seung-Yeol,Kim, Yong-Hae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.47

<P>Correction for ‘Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials’ by Chi-Young Hwang <I>et al.</I>, <I>Nanoscale</I>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04471f.</P>

대원군 집권기의 축성에 관한 연구

서치상(Seo, Chi-Sang) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the funds and executional organizations of the castle-reconstructions promoted by the Regent Daewon-gun(大院君) from 1866 to 1873. Furthermore this paper aims to examine the renewed structural systems of the castles at the time. Since Byeongin-yangyo(丙寅洋擾), the French Invasion in 1866, Daewon-gun gave orders to repair and to consolidate the castles, especially focused on the costal zones of Chulla-do(全羅道) and Gyeongsang-do(慶尙道), for defending against the invasions by Western and Japanese troops. The royal secret commissioners dispatched to each province evaluated the results of the castle-reconstructions. The funds were prepared by the donation of the officials, inhabitants and Buddhist monks in each province. The special technical experts worked in the fields of the reconstruction or newly constructions of ong-seong(甕城), chi-seong(雉城) and po-roo(砲樓). The systems of the castles were reformed on the base of the application of gunners and the theories of Minbo-ron(民堡論).

An Empirical Study of Qualities of Association Rules from a Statistical View Point

Dorn, Maryann,Hou, Wen-Chi,Che, Dunren,Jiang, Zhewei Korea Information Processing Society 2008 Journal of information processing systems Vol.4 No.1

Minimum support and confidence have been used as criteria for generating association rules in all association rule mining algorithms. These criteria have their natural appeals, such as simplicity; few researchers have suspected the quality of generated rules. In this paper, we examine the rules from a more rigorous point of view by conducting statistical tests. Specifically, we use contingency tables and chi-square test to analyze the data. Experimental results show that one third of the association rules derived based on the support and confidence criteria are not significant, that is, the antecedent and consequent of the rules are not correlated. It indicates that minimum support and minimum confidence do not provide adequate discovery of meaningful associations. The chi-square test can be considered as an enhancement or an alternative solution.

Extended use of Prostate Health Index and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men with prostate specific antigen 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination

Peter Ka-Fung Chiu,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Wai-Man Lee,Chi-Hang Yee,Eddie Shu-Yin Chan,See-Ming Hou,Chi-Fai Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), %free-to-total PSA (%fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI<35, 22.8% in PHI 35–55, and 54.5% in PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI<35, 7.9% for PHI 35–55, and 36.4% for PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Conclusions: Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE.

台灣「新南向政策」與韓國「新南方政策」之比較與分析

董思齊(Doong, Sy-Chi) 한국외국어대학교 대만연구센터 2019 대만연구 Vol.- No.14

Taiwan government has been working on the “New southbound policy” since President Tsai won the election in 2016. The goal is to create a mutual understanding and thus achieve a win-win beneficial solution through cooperating with each other in the various aspects such as economy, technology, culture and other public affairs. Currently, there are 18 south Asian countries’ government is focusing on. In order to build up a mutual trust with it south Asian friends, Taiwan has provided a wide range of knowledge-hows to help its south Asian country friends to solve problems. While its southern Asian friends are able to build up a better quality of life because of the helps from Taiwan, Taiwan also benefits in a way of making itself involve deeper in the global communities. In just around one year after the Taiwanese government launched the “New Southbound Policy”, South Korean President Moon Jae-In also proposed a “New Southern Policy”. The essence of this policy is to establish a “3P community” with ASEAN countries. The 3P community refers to a community for people where people and people are connected, a community for peace that contributes to Asian peace through security cooperation, and a community for prosperity where everyone lives well through mutually beneficial economic cooperation. From the fact that both Taiwan and South Korean announced to deepen its relationship with the Southeast Asian countries, it implies the two countries share a similar state situation. We can exam this from economical aspect and national security. One of the major concerns for Taiwan when discuss about economic agenda is its high dependency in the Chinese market. And for South Korea, it hopes to build a J-shaped curve which can combine South Korea and North Korea together and let South Korea as the center through the linkage between the New Northern Policy and the New Southern Policy. Back from 1970s, both Taiwan and South Korea relies heavily on export business for its GDP growth. Moreover, the exports from both countries are very similar. This had made a severe competition between both countries, and somehow jeopardize the possibility of business alliance. On the other hand, nowadays, though both counties have announced its Southeast Asian policy, the focus area of both policies are different which creates a possibility for a synergy between both countries. Especially for Taiwan being geographically in the center point of Korea’s strategic “J-curve”. It is crucial for both Taiwan and South Korea’s intelligences to open a dialog to find synergies from each other’s ASEAN or South Asia’s policies. The joint development will not only bring new opportunities but also can reduce conflicts in the global economic competition.

Efficient Plant Regeneration from Shoot Tip and Young Leaf in Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor.

Chi,Hyung-Joon,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Yang,Deok-Chun,Song,Won-Seob 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3

The shoot tip and young leaf of Rhodiola sachalinensis were cultured to invest the plant growth regulator condition for callus induction, shoot and root regeneration. When the shoot tip was sterilized in 2.0% of NaOCl for 20min., the contamination rate was the lowest. And the survival rate of the culture material was good in carbenicillin 500mg/L treatment group. Callus was obtained from shoot tip and young leaf segments. NAA 0.1-1.0mg/L and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were shown to have a good response on callus induction from shoot tip culture. In the case of young leaf culture, NAA and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were good in callus induction. In culturing shoot tip NAA 0.5mg/L and BA 0.5mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L and BA 0.lmg/L combination treatment was good in shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA combination treatment. Especially, NAA 1.0mg/L and BA 0.1mg/L combination treatment was effective for root regeneration.