익산지역에서 자동 및 수동채취방식에 따른 강수의 화학적 특성 비교

강공언 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

In order to understand the precipitation acidity and chemical composition of ion species in Iksan area as well as to know the difference of chemical characteristics in precipitation samples from the viewpoint of precipitation sampling method, precipitation samples were collected by wet-only automatic precipitation sampler and hulk manual precipitation sampler in Iksan, from March 2003 to August 2003. The mean pH of precipitation was 5.0. There was a little significant difference in the mean value of pH between automatic and manual sampler. However, pH values of some precipitation samples were lower in automatic sampler than in manual sampler, especially in case of precipitation samples with small rainfall for March 2003. The mean concentrations of each ions in precipitation were generally a little higher in precipitation samples collected by the manual sampler than in those collected by the automatic sampler because of accumulation of dry deposition on the surface of glass funnel installed at the manual sampler during the sampling period of no rainfall. Dominant species determining the acidity of precipitation, were NH₄+ and nss-Ca^(2+) for cations and nss-SO₄^(2-) and NO₃- for anions. The mean concentration of NH₄+ and nss-Ca^(2+)j were 31 μeq/L and 9 μeq/L for the automatic sampler and 40 μeq/L and 16 μeq/L for the manual sampler, respectively. In addition, nss-SO₄^(2-) and NO₃- were 27 μeq/L and 13 μeq/L for the automatic sampler and 32 μeq/L and 17 μeq/L for the manual sampler, respectively. Although the concentrations of the acidifying ions of nss-SO₄^(2-) and NO₃- were about 3 times higher than those for foreign pristine sites, precipitation acidity were estimated to be natural due to the neutralization reaction of the alkaline species of NH₄+ and nss-Ca^(2+) with its higher concentrations. Considering the ratios of nss-SO₄^(2-)/NO₃- and NH₄+/nss-SO₄^(2-), it was found that ammonium sulphate was dominant in Iksan precipitation. The major non-sea salt ions were maximum concentrations for March, but decreased with increasing of precipitation amount.

대기중 부유입자상물질의 통계적 해석에 관한 연구

강공언,신대윤 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1992 生産技術硏究 Vol.14 No.2

In order to investigate the statistical analysis of ambient suspended particle at Seoul in Korea, airborne particulate matters were collected by High-Volume Air Sampler from April 1988 to May 1991, and size distribution of the aerosols were measured by filters on nine stages Andersen Air Sampler from January 1990 to December 1990. And with respect to seven components in the total suspended particulate, the factor analysis was performed. As a result of factor analysis by using the varimax rotation method, the chemical components in the TSP were able to characterize with two principal factors. The first factor (Factor 1) was considered to be a factor indicating the contribution of natural sources and the second factor(Factor 2) was a factor indicating the contribution of anthrophogenic sources. For concentration of size distribution measured by Andersen Air Sampler, tne factor analysis was also performed. As a result of factor analysis by using the varirnax rotation method, particle size distribution of atmospheric particulate was divided into two groups, coarse particle group was made by particles lager than 2.1㎛ in diameter and fine groups smaller than 1.1㎛ in diameter.

대기부유먼지에 대한 조대입자와 미세입자의 부하율에 관한 연구

신대윤,강공언 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1992 生産技術硏究 Vol.14 No.2

In order to investigate the coarse and fine particle burden to ambient suspended particle at Seoul in Korea, airborne particle samples were collected by filters on nine stages Andersen Air Sampler from january 1990 to December 1990, and size distribution of the aerosols were measured. The average concentration of atmospheric particulates to be collected by Andersen Air Sampler was 127.97㎍/㎥, this was about 55% of that by High-Volume Air Sampler. Particle size distribution of atmospheric particulate was divided into two groups, coarse group was made by particles lager than 1.1-2.1㎛ .in diameter and fine groups smaller than 1.1- 2.1㎛ in diameter. About 53.93% of total ambient suspended particle measured Andersen Air Sampler during the sampling period was coarse particle. During Yellow Sand phenomenon, the concentrations of ambient suspended. particle were 2.8 times higher than the average valucs in non-Yellow Sand phenomenon. The coarse particle burden to ambient suspended particle was 61.43% in Spring with Yellow Sand phenomenon and 47.51% in Summer, 44.93% in Fall, and 48.56% in Winter without Yellow Sand phenomenon.

봄철 익산지역 환경대기 중 수용성 이온성분의 일별 침적량

김남송,강공언,김정숙,김현아,신지혜,김병수,최석진 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

Deposition samples were collected in wet gauge and dry gauge containers at downtown of Iksan city, located southwest of the Korean peninsula, from April 20 to May 1, 2004. The volume of 30-50㎖ deionized water was added for wet gauge before sampling, but dry gauge was installed in the dry state with no deionized water adding. These samples were collected twice a day during daytime and nighttime and were analyzed for anions(Cl^(-), NO^(3-), SO₄^(2-)) and cations (NH₄^(+), Na^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+)) using ion chromatography. Data quality was checked by the data obtained from re-injection of standard solution, Dionex cross check standard solutions, and random several deposition samples, and measured data was estimated to be reliable. Considering the deposition sample volume, the sampling time, the surface area of sampling container, and the ion concentration measured, the deposition amounts were calculated in mg/㎡/day. The sum of ion dry deposition amounts for dry gauge and wet gauge was 9.1±6.7 mg/㎡/day and 26.5±9.1 mg/㎡/day, respectively. A significant increase in deposition amount during rainfall days and Asian yellow dust period was observed for both wet gauge and dry gauge, especially during rainfall days having no difference of deposition amount between in wet gauge and in dry gauge. The mean deposition of all ions measured in this study were higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge because of the surface difference of the sampling container. The mean deposition amount of NH₄^(+), SO₄^(2-), and NO^(3-) in wet gauge were found to be about 27.6 times, 5.5 times, and 3.4 times higher. than that in dry gauge, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge. Dominant species in dry gauge were SO₄^(2-) and Ca^(2+), accounting for 14.7% and 47.3% of the total ion dry deposition, whereas those in wet gauge were SO₄^(2-) and NH₄^(+), accounting for 27.7% and 27.1% of the total ion dry deposition, respectively.

雨水中의 酸性度 要因分析에 關한 硏究

이정우,강공언,김희강,김정규 조선대학교 환경연구소 1993 環境公害硏究 Vol.10 No.-

To analyze the factor which affects acidity of rainwater in Seoul metropolitan areas, the precipitation data was collected for twelve months, from January 1991 to December 1991. The annual average of pH in Seoul is 5.4, while the levels in the vicinity of Seoul range from pH 5.7 to 6.3. The frequency of samples of which pH exceed 5.6 represents 74% in Seoul, and in surrounding cities are in the range of 10% to 40%. The total soluble ionic contents of rainwater are shown in the following order. SO_(4)^(2-) > Ca^(2+)> NH_(4)^(+) > C1^(-) > Na^(+) > NO_(3)^(-) > Mg^(2+) > K^(+) > H^(+). The portion of SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-), and C1^(-) among total anions represents 65%. 14%, and 21%, respectively. From this result, it is shown that SO_(4)^(2-) has the highest contribution to the total acidity. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and pH of rainwater shows -0.66, while the coefficient between ambient concentration of nitrogen dioxide and pH is 0.35. It is indicated that pH of rainwater primarily depends on ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and the used amount of coal briquet is 0.85, and it is concluded that rain acidity is very affected by the use amount of briquet.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE AEROSOLSINIKSAN,KOREA

Gong-Unn Kang,Nam-Song Kim,Dae-Ywen Shin,Kook-Hwan Rhim 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2005 No.-

Seasonal Size Distribution of Atmospheric Particles in Iksan, Korea

Kang, Gong-Unn,Kim, Nam-Song,Rhim, Kook-Hwan Korean Society of Environmental Health 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.6

During a twenty-day period in 2005, a nine-stage Andersen cascade impactor was used to determine the seasonal size distribution of atmospheric particles and its inorganic ion species sampled for 24hr in Iksan city, located southwest of the Korean peninsula. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ion species using Dionex-100 ion chromatograph. Average fine and coarse mass concentrations of atmospheric particles were, respectively, 31.4 and $82.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in spring and 35.8 and $73.4{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in fall-winter during the sampling period of 2005, while measurements of 69.8 and 9.9 were obtained in the sampling period of summer, The size distribution of particulate mass concentration during the non-Asian dust period was generally bimodal, whereas the size distribution of particulate mass concentration during the Asian dust period was unimodal due to the significant increase of coarse particles, which originated from long-range transport of soil dust particles from loess regions of the Asian continent. Among ionic species, $SO{_4}^{2-},\;NH{_4}^+,\;K^+$ were mainly distributed in fine particles due to their characteristics of emission sources and gas-to-particle conversion, while $Na^+,\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ were dominantly in coarse particles. However, $NO_3{^-}\;and\;Cl^-$ were distributed in both coarse particles and fine particles. Although $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was mainly distributed in fine particles, the size distributions of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ in coarse mode were significantly increased during the Asian dust events compared to those during the non-Asian dust period. $Ca^{2+}$ showed the most abundant species in the atmospheric particles during the Asian dust period. $NH{_4}^+$ was found to mainly exist as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in fine particles.

보문 : 익산지역 봄철 환경대기 중 수용성 이온성분의 일별 침적량 측정

강공언 ( Gong Unn Kang ),이상복 ( Sang Bok Lee ),양고수 ( Go Su Yang ),박성순 ( Seong Soon Park ),이영재 ( Yong Jae Lee ),박승택 ( Seung Taeck Park ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ) 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 2005 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

익산지역에서 봄철 강수의 화학성상과 중화능

강공언(Gong Unn Kang),신대윤(Dae Yewn Shin),김희강(Hui Kang Kim) 大韓環境工學會 1999 대한환경공학회지 Vol.21 No.1

제4주제 : 인체 호흡기에 침착되는 입경별 대기먼지의 농도와 이온 조성

강공언(Gong-Unn Kang),김남송(Nam-Song Kim),신대윤(Dae-Yewn Shin) 대한환경위생공학회 2008 대한환경위생공학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

Mass concentrations and ion composition of size-segregated particulate matters (PM) were measured in fall and winter of 2005 in Iksan. The measurements of PM size distribution were done with a cascade impactor of eight stages with backup filter. The mass concentrations of PM samples were evaluated by gravimetric analysis and the water-soluble inorganic ion concentrations were analyzed using ion chromatography. The mass size distribution of PM showed a tendency of bimodal distribution for fine and coarse particulate mode. It was found that about 61% of PM mass can be deposited in the alveolar region and which dominated the daily variation of total ion concentrations.