감꼭지나방(나비목:감꼭지나방과)의 발육생태

김정화,김길하,조수원,박은철,박형진 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

충북 영동의 감나무 가로수에서 감꼭지나방(Stathmopoda masinissa)을 채집하여 온도 25±1℃,광주기 16L:8D, 상대습도 85%의 실내조건에서 이들의 발육생태를 조사하였다. 각 충태별 발육일수는 알기간 7.4일, 유충기간 34.8일, 번데기기간이 15.5일이었다. 1령에서 5령의 영기간은 각각 3.5일, 4.2일, 5.2일, 6.5일, 15.4일이었으며, 유충의 두폭은 각각 0.20, 0.40, 0.65, 0.87, 1.07mm이었다. 용화율과 우화율은 각각 68.0%, 59.9%이었다. 성충 수명은 수컷이 6.2일, 암컷이 10.1일이며, 암컷 한 마리당 평균 산란수는 24.4개였다. Persimmon fruit moth, Sathmopoda masinissa, collected from roadside persimmon trees planted as shade trees in yeongdong area was used to investigate their developmental ecology under laboratory condition; 25±1℃, 16L : 8D and 85% RH. Developmental periods for eggs, larvae, and pupae were 7.4, 34.8 and 15.5 days, respectively. The duration for each larval instar from the 1st to the 5th was 3.5, 4.2, 5.2, 6.5 and 15.4 days, respectively, and the head capsule width of corresponding stage was 0.20, 0.40, 0.65, 0.87 and 1.07mm. Rates of pupation and emergence were 68.0 and 59.9%, respectively. Longevity of adult males was 6.3 days while that of females was 10.1 days. Average fecundity was 25.4 eggs.

捕食性天的 무당벌레의 人工大量飼育에 關한 硏究 : Mass-resring of a Coccinellid Beetle, Harmonia axyridis PALLAS, on Artificial Diets

金吉河,崔承允 서울大學校農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.1

Some experiments were conducted in the laboratory to develop the possible artificial diets for the mass-rearing of the coccinellid beetle (Harmonia acyrids PALLAS). The constituents of basic chemical diet (CD) were a mixture of agar, casein, cholesterol, choline chloride, inositol, ascorbic acid and vitamin B mixtures, antiseptic, acetic acid and distilled water. The additive diets were honey bee drone pupae (DP), beef powder (BP) and defatted silkworm pupae (SP). The adult longevity greatly differed with the diets; 54.4 days on the CD+DP, 37.4 days on the CD+SP+DP, 34.0 days on the CD+BP,33.3 days on the CD+SP, and 27.3 days on the fresh aphids. Larval survivorship and development of the beetles was much higher and shorter on the CD-+DP than on the other artificial diets. The developmental periods of the beetles were 27.0 days on the CD+DP, 19.7 days on the fresh honey bee drone pupae and 19.9 days on the fresh aphids. The rate of pupation and adult emergence was also greatly influenced by the diets and their ratio were greatly lower with the CD+PD than with the fresh drone pupae and fresh aphids. The adults reared on the CD had the longer longevity and produced more eggs than those reared on the fresh aphids. The adult longevity in the successive generations with the CD+DP was 54.4 days in the F₁, 48.8 days in the F₂and 25.3 days in the F₃generations. Egg production by the adults from the CD+DP was also reduced by successive generations; 122.7 eggs per female of F₁and 82.9 eggs per female of F₂generations.

감꼭지나방 생태적 특성 및 방제약제 선발

김정화,김길하,조수원,박은철,김순섭,황태구,최상기 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 1999 연구보고서 Vol.4 No.-

경남지역과 충북지역 감나무의 재배, 해충 방제실태를 농가 방문하여 설문조사 한 결과 감 재배경력은 경남지역이 평균 10년이며, 충북지역은 평균 5년 정도이다. 감 재배 주수는 대다수 농가가 20주 이상이고, 재배관리에 대하여 자문을 받는 곳은 농업센터나 농약사 및 연구소 등이었다. 김 품종은 경남지역에서는 부유와 서촌조생, 충북지역에서는 등시와 월하 등을 재배하고 있었다. 시비종류는 이른봄 에 퇴비나 복합비료를 주었고, 감나무 생장 중 열매나 저장 중 열매에 발생하는 해충이 발견되었다. 해충방제를 위해 살충제를 살포하고 있는데 주로 감꼭지나방, 진딧물, 잎말이나방 및 깍지벌레 등으로 파마치온, 파단, 코니도, 신파마치온, 수프라사이드 등을 살포하였다. 감꼭지나방(Stathmopoda masinissa)의 발육생태를 조사하기 위하여, 감꼭지나방을 야외에서 채집하여 온도±1℃, 광주기 16L:8D, 상대습도 50~60%에서 실내 사육하였다. 각 층태별 기간은 알 7.4일, 유충기간 34.7일, 용 15.5일이었다. 각 령기간은 1령 3.5일, 2령 4.2일, 3령 5.2일, 4령 6.5일, 5령 15.4일이었으며, 특히 유층의 두폭을 측정하여 평균한 결과는 1령 0.20mm, 2령 0.40mm, 3령 0.65mm, 4령 0.87mm, 5령 1.07mm일 이었다. 성충의 수명은 수컷이 6.2일, 암컷이 10.1일 이었다. 용화율은 68.0% 우화율은 59.9%이었다. A survey in Kyungnam and chungbuk areas revealed that the average number of years for persimmon tree farming is 10 and 5 years, respectively. The number of trees per orchard is at least over 20, and the farmers have been usually advised through an agricultural center, an agrochemical store, or agrochemical research center. The varieties of the persimmons they grow are Buyu and Seocheon in Kyungnam, and Doogsi and Wolha in Chungbuk. The kind of fertilizers they sprayed in early spring is either compost or composite fertilizer. persimmon pests are often found in persimmon fruits while on a tree or in storage. Phamathion, Padan, Konido, Sinpamathion, and/or supuraside is usually used to control persimmon fruit moths, aphides, leafrollers, and scale insects. To understand the developmental ecology of the persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa Meyrick, we collected and reared them under the laboratory condition which is at 25±1℃ of temperature, 16L:8D of photoperiod, and 85% of relative humidity. As a result, the developmental period of egg, larva, and pupa were 7.40, 34.7, and 15.5 days, respectively. The average period of each larval instar was 3.50, 4.17, 5.17, 6.46, and 15.42 days, respectively, and the average head capsule width was 0.20, 0.40, 0.65, 0.87, and 1.07mm, respectively. The average adult longevity was 6.2 days for males and 10.1 days for females. The pupation rate and the emergence rate were 68.0% and 59.9%, respectively.

감꼭지나방(나비목: 감꼭지나방과) 1세대 유충에 의한 떫은감의 피해양상과 발생소장

박은철,김길하,김정화,조수원 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 감꼭지나방 유충의 침입양상에 대하여 조사하였다. 떫은 감의 피해양상, 유충의 재충률, 지역별 피해양상 및 자연낙과율과 유충에 의한 낙과율을 조사하였다. 1세대 유충에 의한 피해양상은 과경이 64.9%와 꽃받침 부분이 35.1%이었다. 과경으로의 피해는 6월 하순경부터 7월 하순경까지 84.6%와 52.2%이었으며, 꽃받침부분으로는 15.4%와 30.5%이었다. 시기별로 감꼭지나방 1세대 유충에 의한 재충률은 6월 하순경부터 7월 하순경까지 59.0%에서 0%이었다. 자연낙과율은 유충에 의한 낙과율보다 피해가 더 크게 나타났다. 감꼭지나방의 발생소장은 연 2회 발생하며 1세대 성충은 5월 하순부터 6월 초순까지로 발생최성기는 6월 초순이었으며, 2세대는 7월 하순부터 8월 초순까지로 발생최성기는 7월 하순이었다. This study was conducted to determine the larval infestation aspect of persimmon fruit moth(PFM) Stathmopoda masinissa Meyrick, and its presence sites in damaged wild persimmon fruit, Diospyros kaki Thunb var domestica Mak, and rate of infested sites with larva, aspect of damaged of persimmon fruit moth in different regions and rate of natural or larval drop in Cheong ju, 2000. Rate of infested sites in wild persimmon fruit damaged by the 1st generation larva of the PFM were 64.9% at the pedicel and 35.1% at the calyx of flower, and from late June to late July the rate was 84.6% to 52.2% at the pedicel and 15.4% to 30.5% at the calyx of flower. At different observed dates the rate of infested site with larva in the wild persimmon fruit damaged by the 1st generation larva was from 59.0% to 0% at from late June to late July. Rate of natural drop damaged higher than rate of larval drop. Seasonal occurrence of S. masinissa was most likely to have to generations a year with first occurrence of adults from late May to early June and second from late July to early August including 2 peaks in early June and late July, respectively.

Expression of sIx Glutation S-Transferase Genes in Seven Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch Strains

Hyunah Kim,Hyun Kyung Kim,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

The two spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a global pest, and has developed severe resistance to several types of acaricides. Acequinocyl-resistant strain and bifenazate-resistant strain of T. urticae showed higher relative activity level of glutathion-S-transferases (GSTs) than susceptible strain. Studies of resistance in T. urticae have focused on classical detoxifying enzyme system, such as GSTs. We examined the expression of six GSTs genes in T. urticae belong to five different cytosolic classes, including two in delta, one in omega, one in mu, one in zeta, and one mitochondrial GSTs class, kappa. RT-qPCR results showed that, among these six GSTs genes, the relative expression level of delta 1 was significantly higher in bifenazate-resistant strain than in other strains (susceptible, abamectin, acequinocyl, etoxazole and pyridaben strain). Expression level of the delta 2 was also higher in acequinocyl-resistant strain than in other strains. The elevated GSTs gene transcripts following exposure to acequinocyl, bifenazate might be one of the mechanisms involved in detoxification of these acaricide. These results may be caused by different mechanisms in the resistance development of T. urticae to these two different types of acaricides.

Fumigant activity of ethyl formate and phosphine to Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Kwang-Soon Choi,Min-Jun Kim,Hyun Kyung Kim,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is considered one of the main causes of potato losses during harvesting and storage. The pest occur throughout the year and its larvae damage the leaves, twigs and tubers. In this study, we have investigated the effects of ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) against P. operculella. Fumigation to all stage of P. operculella was carried in a desiccator system at 5℃ and 20℃ for 24 h. As a result, LC99 of PH3 to all stage of P. operculella was showed 1.953 mg L-1 (eggs), 0.100 mg L-1 (larvae), 4.884 mg L-1 (pupae) and 0.240 mg L-1 (adults) at 20℃, respectively. LC99 of EF to all stage of P. operculella was observed 19.808 mg L-1 (eggs), 6.783 mg L-1 (larvae), 141.476 mg L-1 (pupae) and 3.223 mg L-1 (adults), at 20℃ respectively. Larvae and adults showed the highest susceptibility to PH3 and EF at 20℃. LC99 of PH3 to all stage of P. operculella was showed > 1.5 mg L-1 (eggs), 0.187 mg L-1 (larvae), > 1.5 mg L-1 (pupae) and 0.386 mg L-1 (adults) at 5℃ , respectively. LC99 of EF to all stage of P. operculella was showed 27.479 mg L-1 (eggs), 9.580 mg L-1 (larvae), 55.759 mg L-1 (pupae) and 3.084 mg L-1 (adults) at 5℃, respectively. These results indicated that the fumigant efficiency of PH3 and EF is more effective with treated in room temperatures against termites.

Mating behavior of Pine Sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius Gebler (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Kim, Min-Ki,Kim, Ju-Sub,Han, Ju-Hwan,Kim, Young-Jae,Yoon, Chang-Mann,Kim, Gil-Hah Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.3

Mating behavior of the pine sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius Gebler (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) was observed on pine trees in an outdoor net cage kept in one healthy pine tree and a cluster of pinelogs (cut over one month) to attract the beetles. When sawyer adult pairs released into net cage, they all moved to the pinelogs. And then the male was staying motionless with his antenna outstretched while the female was actively moving in his vicinity. The mating behavioral reactions were followed by the next steps: The first phase of courtship was initiated by the female approach toward the male. Second, male dashed, contacted antenna and mounted female's back. Third, female carried the male on her back and walked around and then male began to lick. Fourth, male inserted his penis into the female's genitalia when female stopped walking. While a long pair-bond, the mating pair repeated copulations. lastly, when mating is over, male and female stayed separately. The mating began on sunset and resting of both male and female began at the temperature below about $20^{\circ}C$. Substantially straightforward mate searching by female indicates the presence of a male sex pheromone.

Study of Control Against Insect Pests (1983∼Present)

Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.04

Insecticidal Properties of Bistrifluron, Benzoylphenylurea Insecticide, against Cotton Caterpillar, Palpita indica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Kim, Min-Ki,Kim, Hak-Yong,Seo, Dong-Kyu,Yoon, Chang-Mann,Kim, Gil-Hah Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.3

In this study, we assessed the insecticidal properties of bistrifluron on the insect life stages of the cotton caterpillar, Palpita indicaa, with the primary emphasis on hatching rate, mortality, and susceptibility to chemicals, in addition to the pre-oviposition period, longevity, and fecundity. Bistrifluron exerted no effects on the egg. However, the larvae hatching from the eggs evidenced 100% mortality within 24 hrs. The susceptibility of P. indica to bistrifluron evidenced similar results at each larval stage. When bistrifluron was applied to the pupal stage, the chemicals significantly affected the longevity and fecundity of the normally emerging adults. The application of high concentrations of bistrifluron (50 ppm) to young adults delayed their pre-oviposition periods. In addition, the longevity, fecundity and hatching rate were attenuated.

Possible Presence of Pheromone in Mating Behavior of the Pine Sawyer Monochamus saltuarius Gebler (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Kim, Ju-Sub,Kim, Min-Ki,Han, Ju-Hwan,Yoon, Chang-Mann,Choi, Kwang-Sik,Shin, Sang-Chul,Kim, Gil-Hah Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.4

The mating behavior of the pine sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius, is composed of two phases. The first phase is the female approach to pheromone-releasing males. When bioassayed by T-tube olfactometer, the female was moved toward the male and hexane extract of the male. The second phase is the male mounted the female to copulate after perceiving the contact pheromone being on the female body surface. When the hexane extract of the female body surface was applied onto a glass rod (dummy), the male showed the mating behavior to the dummy. The component of female body surface extract fractionated using a silicic acid column elicited mating behaviors of the males, and the other component by ether fraction was showed a high copulatory attempt. This study was discussed two-step functions of the pheromones in the beetle mating behavior.