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Ghulam Abbas Ashraf,Lanting Zhang,Waseem Abbas,Ghulam Murtaza 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.4
The substitution of numerous cations into hexagonal ferrite has been extensively used to endow novel properties and functionalities for various applications. In the present work Gd-Tl substituted barium hexaferrites prepared by co-precipitation process, having the composition Ba0.75Cu0.25(GdxTl0.5-x)Fe11.5O19 (x=0.0, 0.25 and 0.50). The hexaferrite formation during calcination of sample x=0.25 was confirmed by TGA/DSC which was processed at 1000 °C for 3 h. The analysis of X-ray diffraction depicts the existence of magneto-plumbite structure with the formation of a minor secondary α–Fe2O3 phase x≤0.0 and BaFe2O4 phase x≤0.50. UV–Vis spectra reveal the dropping down behavior in the optical energy band gap from 2.47 eV to 1.74 eV. The grains with hexagonal platelet-like shape having size of 0.415–0.446 μm of magnetic powder nanoparticles (MPs) are observed by SEM images. The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis was employed for presence of ferrite elements within a single particle. Hysteresis loops signifies the magnetization (Ms) and remnant magnetization (Mr) first increases up to x=0.25 then reduces with the substitution (x) increment; contrarily, the coercivity (Hc) exhibited initially decreased with maximum content of Tl at x=0.0 then increases at x=0.25 after that it decreases at x=0.50. Maximum values such as Ms (51.727 emu/g), Mr (28.061 emu/g), and Hc (4.057 kOe) are attained for x=0.25 at room temperature. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles are found to be suitable for microwave absorbing materials, permanent magnets, catalyst, high density recording media and optoelectronic devices.
Ghulam Shabbir,Seiji Kojima 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.1
High-resolution Brillouin-scattering experiments were performed to investigate the lowtemperature elastic properties of the lanthanum lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics of the composition PLZT-10/65/35 and { 7.6/72/28. The Brillouin frequency shift of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) mode showed a clear anomaly at To 46 K for both ceramics with decreasing temperature. This in ection in the relaxor ceramics indicates a glassy nature of the non-ergodic relaxor state below To.
Ghulam Shabbir,Anwar Hushur,고재현,Seiji Kojima 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.IV
Sr2Nb2O7 is a very high-TC ferroelectric material with layered perovskite-type slab structure, which undergoes successive phase transitions at about 1342 C, 215 C and ..156 C. High-resolution Brillouin spectra of Sr2Nb2O7 single crystals have been studied to observe the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon modes in the temperature range from ..190 C to 400 C. The anomalous temperature dependence of the LA phonon mode frequency corresponding to c22 elastic stiness coecient occurs in the neighborhood of the normal-incommensurate phase transition temperature Ti (215 C). The specic heat measured by MDSC showed an anomaly around 2142 C. The change in enthalpy and entropy of the phase transition was estimated as 0.310.03 J/g and 1.50.2 mJ/g/C respectively.霆霆霆
Ghulam Mustafa AHEER,Muhammad Asif AZIZ,Asifa HAMEED,Amjad ALI 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.3
Susceptibility of field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Punjab, Pakistan to selected insecticides was evaluated using the leaf dip method. The resistance factors varied between populations. The general trends were low to moderate resistance to endosulfan; very low to low resistance to chlorpyrifos and profenofos; very low resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb and thiodicarb; moderate to high resistance to bifenthrin; high to very high resistance to cypermethrin; and very high resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Integrated pest management strategies aimed at reducing pesticide application, such as rotating the conventional insecticides having low resistance with newly developed synthetic insecticides and conserving natural enemies, are recommended.
Ghulam Mujtaba,Muhammad Rizwan,이기세 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.6
The co-culture system of photosynthetic microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas putida was investigated as a possible combination of symbiotic mixed culture for the simultaneous removal of nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) and organic contaminants. Using synthetic municipal wastewater, the co-culture system exhibited symbiotic enhancement in the removal of nutrients and organic carbon compared to each of axenic cultures. The co-culture system performed successfully in removing both of ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD), showing around 80% removal for 4 days. Strategies of nitrogen and phosphorous starvation in C. vulgaris for two days prior to main treatment did not increase the performance of nutrients removal, indicating that the nutrient starvation as a pretreatment is unnecessary. Without alkalinity (as bicarbonate), nutrients and COD were not removed significantly, implying that the existence of alkalinity is essential for symbiotic treatment of both nutrients and organics. Results demonstrated that coculture system composed of C. vulgaris and P. putida can be a potential candidate of mixed culture system for the simultaneous removal of nutrients and organic carbon in wastewater treatment using a single reactor.
Ghulam Mustafa AHEER,Amjad ALI,Muhammad AKRAM 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.1
Pheromone trapping was used to monitor populations of the moth Helicoverpa armigera at five cotton-based agro-ecological sites –- river, vegetable, orchard, forest and clean cultivation (areas under only cotton cultivation) –- in the Bahawalpur district, Pakistan. Three locations at each site were chosen and three pheromone traps at each location were installed in cotton fields. Moth catches were recorded at 15–-20 day intervals from 24 October 2004 to 19 December 2006. In 2004, the river sites showed the maximum trapped population of H. armigera (0.22/trap) followed by 0.165 per trap at the vegetable sites. Orchard, clean cultivation and forest sites had zero moth catches. In 2005, the river sites again showed the highest trapped population (0.57/trap), followed by clean cultivation (0.45/trap), vegetable (0.44/trap), orchard (0.40/trap) and forest (0.29/trap). The moths appeared during July to December and March to May. In 2006, sites showed non-significant difference, with a population range of 0.47 to 0.97 moths per trap. On average, river sites peaked at 0.49 per trap, followed by vegetable (0.38), clean cultivation (0.47), orchard (0.35) and forest (0.25) sites. The peak was observed on 3 April 2006, and moths appeared during February to July and October to December. The minimum temperature in river, forest and clean cultivation sites; the maximum temperature in orchard sites; and the average temperature in river, orchard, forest and clean cultivation sites showed significant positive correlations with trapped moth populations. Relative humidity showed significant negative correlation with population at the orchard sites in 2005. All weather factors during 2004 and 2006 showed non-significant correlations with the moth populations. No model was found to be best fit by multiple linear regression analysis; however, relative humidity, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature contributed 8.40, 10.23, 2.43, 4.53 and 2.53% to the population fluctuation of the moth at river, vegetable, orchard, forest and clean cultivation sites, respectively.