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Seed morphology of the subfamily Helleboroideae (Ranunculaceae) and its systematic implication
Ghimire, B.,Jeong, M.J.,Choi, G.E.,Lee, H.,Suh, G.U.,Heo, K.,Ku, J.J. G. Fischer Verlag 2015 FLORA -JENA- Vol.216 No.-
A comprehensive morphological and anatomical study was carried out on seeds of 28 species from three tribes and eight genera of subfamily Helleboroideae (Aconitum, Actaea, Caltha, Cimicifuga, Delphinium, Eranthis, Megaleranthis and Trollius) and two putatively related genera in Ranunculaceae (Adonis and Ranunculus) using scanning electron and light microscopy to evaluate seed characteristics for use in the examination of systematic relationships. Considerable differences were found in seed coat morphology and anatomy both among and within genera of the subfamily. There are four major types of seed coat surface: striate, lineate, colliculate and irregularly wrinkled. The shape of testal cells was either elongated rectangular, rectangular chiseled, irregular or polygonal to subpolygonal. The wall ornamentation was predominantly smooth and either without any ornamentation or having finely granulated or some ribbon like appendages. The mechanical layer of the seed coat was of the exotestal type except in all species of Eranthis, in which the seed coat mechanical layer was absent; such a seed coat was referred to as being an 'undifferentiated seed-coat'. Maximum parsimony analysis of morphological features establishes three groupings within the studied genera: Aconitum/Delphinium, Actaea/Cimicifuga, and Caltha/Eranthis/Trollius/Megaleranthis. This study is congruent with the earlier groupings of the Helleboroideae based on morphology and also agrees in part with recent molecular studies. Our data convincingly support a close relationship between Caltha-Trollius-Megaleranthis and between Actaea and Cimicifuga. Another group supported strongly by the results of this study is Aconitum-Delphinium.
Ghimire, B.K.,Yoo, J.H.,Yu, C.Y.,Chung, I.M. Elsevier 2017 Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine Vol.10 No.7
<P>Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perillafruteseens (P. frittescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone (PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin (PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown (PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine (PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown (PMU) type, perilla ketone, clemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene (PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, beta-cryophyllenc, myristicin (L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion: The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.</P>
Ghimire, Ganesh,Dhakal, Krishna P,Neupane, Guru P,Gi Jo, Seong,Kim, Hyun,Seo, Changwon,Hee Lee, Young,Joo, Jinsoo,Kim, Jeongyong IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.18
<P>Organic/inorganic hybrid structures have been widely studied because of their enhanced physical and chemical properties. Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) and organic nanoparticles can provide a hybridization configuration between zero- and two-dimensional systems with the advantages of convenient preparation and strong interface interaction. Here, we present such a hybrid system made by dispersing <I>π</I>-conjugated organic (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(III)) (Alq<SUB>3</SUB>) nanoparticles (NPs) on 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. Hybrids of Alq<SUB>3</SUB> NP/1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB> exhibited a two-fold increase in the photoluminescence of Alq<SUB>3</SUB> NPs on 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and the n-doping effect of 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>, and these spectral and electronic modifications were attributed to the charge transfer between Alq<SUB>3</SUB> NPs and 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. Our results suggested that a hybrid of organic NPs/1L-TMD can offer a convenient platform to study the interface interactions between organic and inorganic nano objects and to engineer optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance.</P>
Embryological studies on <i>Abelia tyaihyoni</i> Nakai (Caprifoliaceae)
Ghimire, Balkrishna,Suh, Gang Uk,Lee, Cheul Ho,Heo, Kweon,Jeong, Mi Jin Elsevier 2018 Flora Vol.242 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Abelia tyaihyoni</I> is a Korean endemic species and also designated as an endangered taxon in the IUCN Red List. We present a comprehensive embryology of <I>A. tyaihyoni</I>, comparing it with previously available information on the Caprifoliaceae and related families, and identifying possible evolutionary trends. Overall, comparisons showed that <I>Abelia</I> is similar to the other genera of Caprifoliaceae in many embryological features, including the tetrasporangiate anther, the anther wall, dicotyledonous wall formation, fibrous endothecium, simultaneous cytokinesis, tetrahedral tetrads, and three-celled pollen grains. In addition, <I>Abelia</I> share anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate ovules, ephemeral antipodals, and a cellular-type endosperm with many caprifoliaceous genera. Some embryological features, such as the amoeboid tapetum with several nuclei forming a polyploid mass, bisporic <I>Allium</I>-type embryo sac, obturator, bilayered endocarp, and compressed exotesta, are here described for the first time in this genus. The results confirm that <I>A. tyaihyoni</I> shares some significant embryological features with other Caprifoliaceae. Although previous embryological studies on the Caprifoliaceae lack convincing evolutionary explanations, our comparative approach demonstrates some possible apomorphies in <I>Abelia</I> such as the presence of two sterile carpels, bisporic <I>Allium</I>-type embryo sac, single-seeded fruit, bilayered and sclerified endocarp, and compressed exotesta.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Abelia</I> is similar to the other Caprifoliaceae in many embryological features. </LI> <LI> Amoeboid tapetum with several nuclei forming polyploidy mass is new to the genus. </LI> <LI> Bisporic <I>Allium</I> type of embryo sac and obturator formation is also new to the genus. </LI> <LI> <I>Allium</I> embryo sac, bilayered endocarp & compressed exotesta are possible apomorphies for the family. </LI> </UL> </P>
Data-Driven Intelligent Feeding System for Pet Care
Ghimire Ravi,Jae Weon Choi 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
The rapid development of artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and digital information processing technology has a huge impact on our daily lives with smart devices and wearables. The well-being of companion animals such as dogs and cats has become a large challenge. An increasing number of pet owners, their emotional attachment with their pets, and the 21st-century’s lifestyle importantly need the safety and welfare of pets by harnessing a smart technological approach. This paper analyzes and compares different machine learning algorithms for data-driven intelligent feeding system for pet care application. Different parameters such as body weight growth, body temperature, heart rate, eating habits, activity, sleep, and urine pH have been considered with other correlated sub-variables in creating virtual datasets. The supervised machine learning models: linear regression, gaussian process regression, narrow neural network, linear support vector machine, and fine tree are evaluated and discussed for estimating feed quantity. The machine learning model was verified by training, validation, and testing datasets. The developed model will be an innovative breakthrough for pet care applications. Feed estimation can be automated using the pet’s health parameters, this will help the pet to prevent obesity and related disorders.
GHIMIRE, BALKRISHNA,LEE, HAYAN,CHOI, GO EUN,JEONG, MI JIN,SUH, GANG UK,LEE, CHEUL HO,HEO, KWEON,SON, SUNG WON Magnolia Press 2016 Phytotaxa Vol.283 No.3
<P>The seed morphology and anatomy of 12 species, representing five sections of Thalictrum, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to evaluate seed features for use in systematic analysis. Considerable differences were observed in seed surface micromorphology and seed coat characteristics both among and within sections of the genus. MANOVA, MDA, and cluster analysis were used to unravel the morphology of seeds among the species. The characteristic seed features for species were found to be seed shape, size, testa thickness, exotestal cells and seed surface sculpture. The results indicated that the most prevalent seed coat sculpture among the studied species was reticulate and some species were reticulate at the margin and rugose in the center. Seed surface was without ornamentation and epidermal cells were mostly polygonal, rectangular or irregularly shaped. The testa thickness varied from two to six cell layers, and the exotesta was well characterized and rectangular to tangentially elongate in most of the species, except T. simplex and T. uchiyamae in which exotesta was poorly represented. It has been observed that species with a non-reticulate or poorly developed reticulate surface sculpture have a less protected seed coat and vice versa. The results of this study indicated that seed morphological features do not, in general, provide strong support to the sectional division of the genus, but that species within sections shared some comparable seed features.</P>