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Modeling Guarantees, Over-Indebtedness and Financial Crises in an Open Economy
Germana Corrado 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.1
This work develops a simple framework to analyse how financial intermediaries' balance sheet problems combined with financial guarantees make an economy more vulnerable to financial crises. A 'double default' problem - that is, the default of financial intermediaries on their debt repayments and of the government on its guarantees to bailout intermediaries' losses - is modelled in this study. The possibility of multiple equilibria, including a crisis equilibrium where the government is not able or willing to honor its guarantees towards the domestic financial sector, arises from the interplay of all the above elements: financial intermediaries' level of indebtedness, government implicit guarantees and high-risk creditors' lending. This work also produces predictions concerning the vulnerability to a financial crisis: multiple equilibria are possible only in certain ranges of the fundamentals.
Germana de Nucci,Maria Chiara Petrone,Nicola Imperatore,Edoardo Forti,Roberto Grassia,Silvia Giovanelli,Laura Ottaviani,Vincenzo Mirante,Giuseppe Sabatino,Carlo Fabbri,Mauro Manno,Paolo Giorgio Arcidi 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.2
Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the go-to method for obtaining samplesfrom gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic lesions. When the transduodenal approach is utilized, the use of a more flexible needle,such as a nitinol 19-gauge (G) needle, has been recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of19-G flexible aspiration needles in obtaining samples from solid lesions through a transduodenal approach. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from eight Italian endoscopy centers. Consecutive patientswith solid lesions who underwent transduodenal EUS-FNA with a 19-G flexible needle were included. Results: A total of 201 patients were enrolled. According to histology, EUS, radiology and 12 months of follow-up, 151 patientshad malignant lesions and 50 patients had benign lesions. EUS-FNA was feasible in all cases. An adequate histologic sample wasobtained in all except eight cases (96.1%). The sensitivity of EUS-FNA was 92.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.8%–95.7%), andthe specificity was 100% (95% CI, 90.5%–100%). The positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 93.4%–100%), and the negativepredictive value was 74% (95% CI, 62.8%–82.7%). The diagnostic accuracy was 93.5% (95% CI, 89.2%–96.5%). Conclusions: The transduodenal approach for obtaining samples from solid lesions using a 19-G flexible needle seems feasible andaccurate.
Antonello Pasini,Germana Szpunar,Giovanni Amori,Rocco Langone,Mauro Cristaldi 한국기상학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.45 No.3
In a climate change regime (observed in the past and forecasted for the future), it becomes more and more important to assess the role of the climatic environment in influencing the density of some species of interest. In this paper, using density data from Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) of Yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), we perform non-linear analyses and apply a neural network (NN) model (conceived for recognising links in complex systems) in order to establish which climatic parameters represent the driving forcings of rodent density in Central Italy. We discover direct ad indirect climatic effects on this variable and, finally, a satisfying reconstruction of Yellow-necked mouse densities over the last 20 years is achieved by a NN model. A further “hindcast” in the past (back to 1965) is performed by the model trained on a recent period and clear trends can be recognised in the record of reconstructed densities.
Shija, Dismas S.,Mtenga, Louis A.,Kimambo, Abiliza E.,Laswai, Germana H.,Mushi, Daniel E.,Mgheni, Dynes M.,Mwilawa, Angello J.,Shirima, Eligy J.M.,Safari, John G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2
The aim of the study was to compare chemical composition and quality attributes of meat between male long fat tailed sheep (n = 17) and Small East African goats (n = 17) existing in Tanzania. Animals of 1.5 to 2 yrs in age and live body weight of $22.59{\pm}0.50$ kg were purchased from livestock auction markets. Animals were fasted for 18 h and slaughtered according to standard halal procedure. Left carcasses were dissected into muscles, fat and bone and the muscle and fat were mixed together and chemically analysed. Meat quality attributes were measured based on Muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum excised from right sides of carcasses. Goat carcasses had significant higher (p = 0.0302) moisture content (70.65% vs 66.96%) and lower (p = 0.0027) ether extract (2.49% vs 5.82%) than sheep but there was no significant species differences in protein and ash content. Sheep had lower (p = 0.0157) ultimate pH (5.74 vs 5.88) and higher (p = 0.0307) temperature ($3.77^{\circ}C$ vs $3.15^{\circ}C$) than goat carcasses. Sheep meat had lower (p = 0.0021) shear force values (29.83 N vs 34.07 N) than goat. Within species, at day 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 44.63% and 34.18% for sheep and goat. Pooled data showed that at d 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 39.25% (from 39.54 N to 24.02 N) compared to tenderness of meat which was not aged at day one of slaughter. The present study demonstrated the differences in chemical composition and quality attributes of meat existing between sheep and goats originated from East Africa.
Shija, Dismas S.,Mtenga, Louis A.,Kimambo, Abiliza E.,Laswai, Germana H.,Mushi, Daniel E.,Mgheni, Dynes M.,Mwilawa, Angello J.,Shirima, Eligy J.M.,Safari, John G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.1
The aim of the pilot study was to evaluate slaughter characteristics and carcass composition of indigenous long fat tailed sheep and Small East African goats purchased from the auction markets slaughtered at 1.5 to 2 yrs of age and 20 kg to 25 kg live weight. The animals were slaughtered according to halal standard procedures. The left half carcasses were jointed into eight wholesale joints, and dissected into muscles, fat and bone, which were weighed separately. Sheep had greater (p<0.05) slaughter BW (22.29 kg vs 20.50 kg) and empty BW (20.17 kg vs 18.67 kg) than goats (p<0.05). Dressing percentages were lower (p<0.001) in sheep than goats when carcass weight was expressed as percentage of slaughter BW (42.31% and 47.15%) and empty BW (46.75% and 51.79%). Sheep carcasses had lower (p<0.001) proportion (66.18% vs 71.64%) of muscles and higher (p<0.001) proportion of fat (7.41% vs 3.44%) than goat carcasses. Sheep had proportionally lighter (p<0.001) shoulder (18.89% vs 22.68%) and heavier (p<0.05) proportion of chump (7.916% vs 6.76%) and main rib (8.12% vs 7.07%). Sheep had more (p<0.001) muscles in the leg (28.83% vs 27.08%) and main rib (7.62% vs 6.36%) than goats. Sheep had less (p<0.001) muscles (20.28% vs 23.56%) in shoulder joints when expressed as percentage of total muscle of carcasses. It is concluded that there are differences in sheep and goat both in terms of carcass and joint yields and composition. The present study also implies that there is need to consider setting different meat cuts and prices for these cuts when one takes into account the differences in muscle distribution within joints in sheep and goats.
Structural and radiological characterization of irradiated RBMK-1500 reactor graphite
Elena Lagzdina,Danielius Lingis,Arturas Plukis,Rita Plukiene,Darius Germanas,Andrius Garbaras,Jevgenij Garankin,Arunas Gudelis,Ilja Ignatjev,Gediminas Niaura,Sergej Krutovcov,Vidmantas Remeikis 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.1
This study aims to characterize the irradiated RBMK-1500 nuclear graphite in terms of both structuraland radiological properties. The experimental results of morphological and structural analysis of theirradiated graphite samples by using SEM, Raman spectroscopy as well as the theoretical evaluation ofprimary displacement damage are presented. Moreover, the experimental and theoretical evaluation ofthe neutron flux is provided and the presence of several g emitters in the analyzed graphite samples isassessed. Furthermore, the improved version of rapid analysis method for 14C activity determination isapplied and the experimentally obtained results are compared with calculated ones. Results indicate thatstructural changes are uniform enough in all the analyzed samples. However, the distribution of radionuclidesis non-homogeneous in the irradiated RBMK-1500 reactor graphite matrix. The comprehensiveunderstanding of both structural and radiological characteristics of nuclear graphite is veryimportant when dealing with decision about irradiated graphite waste management strategy or treatmentoptions prior to its final disposal.
Fabiana América Silva Dantas de Souza,Amanda Emmanuelle Sales,Pablo Eugênio Costa e Silva,Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra,Germana Michelle de Medeiros e Silva,Janete Magali de Araújo,Galba Maria de Campos Taka 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.7
The capacity of fibrinolytic enzymes to degrade blood clots makes them of high relevance in medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, forty-three microorganisms of the genus Bacillus were evaluated for their potential to produce fibrinolytic proteases. Thirty bacteria were confirmed as producers of fibrinolytic enzymes, the best results obtained for the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UFPEDA 485. The optimization of the enzyme production conditions was done by a central composite design (CCD) star 23 that allowed to define the optimal conditions for soybean flour and glucose concentrations and agitation rate. The highest fibrinolytic activity (FA) of 813 U mL-1 and a degradation of blood clot in vitro of 62% were obtained in a medium with 2% (w/v) of soybean flour and 1% (w/v) glucose at 200 rpm after 48 h of cultivation, at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. The obtained fibrinolytic enzyme was characterized biochemically. Fibrinolytic activity was inhibited by PMSF (fluoride methylphenylsulfonyl - C7H7FO2S) 91.52% and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - C10H16N2O8) 89.4%, confirming to be a serine- metallo protease. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 37 oC, respectively, and the enzyme was stable for 12 h. The fibrinolytic activity at physiological conditions of this enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UFPEDA 485, as well as its long term stability, demonstrate that it has suitable characteristics for human and veterinary applications, and promises to be a powerful drug for the treatment of vascular diseases.