A Korea-Kenya Free Trade Agreement and Its Economic Impact: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach

Geoffrey Musyoki Kitetu(Geoffrey Musyoki Kitetu ),Jong-Hwan Ko(Jong-Hwan Ko),Esambe Sone(Esambe Sone) 한국무역연구원 2023 무역연구 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose – This study assesses the impact of a potential Korea-Kenya FTA on the global economy, which includes the US, EU, UK, China, and Japan, using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. Design/Methodology/Approach – The study employs a static global multi-sector CGE model using the GTAP database version 10 with the base year of 2014. For this study, we aggregate the 141 regions and 65 sectors of the GTAP database into 16 regions and 57 sectors. Four policy simulations were implemented based on tariffs and ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) of non-tariff measures (NTMs) estimated by Kitetu and Ko Jong-Hwan (2021). Findings – Simulation results suggest that the real GDP of Korea will likely increase by 0.001% to 0.002%, with welfare increasing by US$1.8 million to US$74.7 million. In comparison, the real GDP of Kenya will likely rise by 0.003% to 0.045%, while welfare will rise by US$1.8 million to US$ 75.3 million. Imports by both countries will rise at a higher rate than exports. For Kenya, domestic output increases in agriculture, extraction, and service sectors, and for Korea, output goes up in processed food and light and heavy manufacturing sectors. Research Implications – The novelty of this paper is in the first empirical quantification of the economic impact of a Korea-Kenya FTA on not only its members but also its trading partners, such as the US, EU, UK, China, and Japan. Moreover, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of a potential FTA between Korea and Kenya by reducing and eliminating tariffs and AVEs of NTMs.

U.S. Re-entry into the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement and Implications for the EU, Korea, China, and Japan: A CGE Approach

Geoffrey Musyoki Kitetu(Geoffrey Musyoki Kitetu ),Jong-Hwan Ko(Jong-Hwan Ko) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.3

Purpose - With renewed greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, abatement commitments and the rejoining of the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015 by the U.S., this study assesses the impact of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions reduction, and the opportunity cost of the U.S. in implementing its nationally determined commitments (NDCs). Design/Methodology/Approach - The study employs the GTAP-E model, an extension of the static GTAP model with CO₂ emissions trading, and GTAP DB version 10A with a base year of 2014. Model implementation includes a baseline scenario that projects the global economy from 2014 to 2030, and four policy scenarios representing the implementation of U.S. NDC targets without and with emissions trading. Findings - Simulation results suggest that CO₂ emissions reduction with trading significantly lowers the emissions abatement cost compared to CO₂ emissions reduction with no trading. Furthermore, the study finds that CO₂ emissions reduction leads to a drop in industry output by all energy and most non-energy sectors. Simulation results illustrate that CO₂ emissions reduction by the U.S. significantly affects most of its trading partners’ real GDPs, welfare, export and import flows, and industry outputs. Research Implications - The study provides a comprehensive impact assessment of global CO₂ emissions reduction, including U.S. contributions to addressing climate change. Moreover, the study has quantified the opportunity cost the U.S. will likely pay for meeting its NDC targets, and the likely impact of CO₂ emissions reduction by the U.S. on its major trading partners, especially the EU, Korea, Japan, and China.

Analog active valve control design for non-linear semi-active resetable devices

Geoffrey W. Rodgers,J. Geoffrey Chase,Sylvain Corman 국제구조공학회 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.19 No.5

Semi-active devices use the building\'s own motion to produce resistive forces and are thus strictly dissipative and require little power. Devices that independently control the binary open/closed valve state can enable novel device hysteresis loops that were not previously possible. However, some device hysteresis loops cannot be obtained without active analog valve control allowing slower, controlled release of stored energy, and is presents an ongoing limitation in obtaining the full range of possibilities offered by these devices. This in silico study develops a proportional-derivative feedback control law using a validated nonlinear device model to track an ideal diamond-shaped force-displacement response profile using active analog valve control. It is validated by comparison to the ideal shape for both sinusoidal and random seismic input motions. Structural application specific spectral analysis compares the performance for the non-linear, actively controlled case to those obtained with an ideal, linear model to validate that the potential performance will be retained when considering realistic nonlinear behaviour and the designed valve control approach. Results show tracking of the device force-displacement loop to within 3-5% of the desired ideal curve. Valve delay, rather than control law design, is the primary limiting factor, and analysis indicates a ratio of valve delay to structural period must be 1/10 or smaller to ensure adequate tracking, relating valve performance to structural period and overall device performance under control. Overall, the results show that active analog feedback control of energy release in these devices can significantly increase the range of resetable, valve-controlled semi-active device performance and hysteresis loops, in turn increasing their performance envelop and application space.

Accuracy and robustness of hysteresis loop analysis in the identification and monitoring of plastic stiffness for highly nonlinear pinching structures

J. Geoffrey Chase,Hamish Tomlinson,Geoffrey W. Rodgers,Chao Xu,Virginie Avot,Cong Zhou 국제구조공학회 2023 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.31 No.2

Structural health monitoring (SHM) covers a range of damage detection strategies for buildings. In real-time, SHM provides a basis for rapid decision making to optimise the speed and economic efficiency of post-event response. Previous work introduced an SHM method based on identifying structural nonlinear hysteretic parameters and their evolution from structural force-deformation hysteresis loops in real-time. This research extends and generalises this method to investigate the impact of a wide range of flag-shaped or pinching shape nonlinear hysteretic response and its impact on the SHM accuracy. A particular focus is plastic stiffness (<i>k<sub>p</sup></>), where accurate identification of this parameter enables accurate identification of net and total plastic deformation and plastic energy dissipated, all of which are directly related to damage and infrequently assessed in SHM. A sensitivity study using a realistic seismic case study with known ground truth values investigates the impact of hysteresis loop shape, as well as added noise, on SHM accuracy using a suite of 20 ground motions from the PEER database. Monte Carlo analysis over 22,000 simulations with different hysteresis loops and added noise resulted in absolute percentage identification error (median, (IQR)) in <i>k<sub>p</sup></> of 1.88% (0.79, 4.94)%. Errors were larger where five events (Earthquakes #1, 6, 9, 14) have very large errors over 100% for resulted <i>k<sub>p</sup></> as an almost entirely linear response yielded only negligible plastic response, increasing identification error. The sensitivity analysis shows accuracy is reduces to within 3% when plastic drift is induced. This method shows clear potential to provide accurate, real-time metrics of non-linear stiffness and deformation to assist rapid damage assessment and decision making, utilising algorithms significantly simpler than previous non-linear structural model-based parameter identification SHM methods.

Developments in the Cooling of Australian Greenhouses

Geoffrey J. Connellan 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Estimating the Ad Valorem Equivalents of the Non-tariff Measures: Focusing on Cross-Border Trade in Goods and Services

Geoffrey Musyoki Kitetu,Jong-Hwan Ko 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.1

(NTMs) in cross-border trade in 57 globally traded goods and services. We focus on estimating the AVEs of NTM between Kenya and Korea and the rest of the world economies aggregated into 14 regions. Design/Methodology/Approach Bilateral trade data is from the Global Trade Analysis Project database version 9;with a base year of 2011. Using the quantity-based border approach (McCallum;1995);we apply the gravity model by Anderson and van WinCoop (2003/2004);in which bilateral prices of commodities are endogenized. To estimate the country-specific bilateral tariff equivalents;we aggregate the 57 GTAP sectors into one sector. We quantify sector-specific AVEs of NTMs on 42 goods and 14 services sectors. Calculating AVEs of NTMs;we utilize the export trade border coefficients and the elasticity of substitution between traded goods. Findings Empirical evidence confirms that agricultural sectors show higher AVEs of NTMs when compared to the manufacturing and services sectors;while trading blocs have relatively lower trade barriers. Furthermore;the study finds no correlation between the level of economic development and NTMs imposed. Additionally;the supply-pull has a higher effect on sectoral trade than the demand-pull. Research Implications Our contribution to the literature on the estimation of non-tariff measures is in the form of a new dataset that is comprehensive in terms of the variables applied;sectors analyzed;and regions covered. According to the authors’ knowledge;this is the first study to calculate tariff equivalents between Kenya and Korea. Ad Valorem Tariff Equivalents;Kenya;Korea;Multilateral Resistance Terms;Non-Tariff Measures

Morphological and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rice Accessions (Oryza sativa L.) Differing in Iron Toxicity Tolerance

Geoffrey Onaga,James Egdane,Richard Edema,Ismail Abdelbagi 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.1

A major emphasis in breeding for iron toxicity tolerance in rice is to identify differences that are associated with resistance and harness them for genetic improvement. In this study, thirty accessions, including IRRI gene bank accessions, two varieties from Brazil, 8 cultivars from West Africa and 10 cultivars from Uganda were analyzed for sensitivity to iron toxicity, and genetic diversity using morphological and SSR markers. Two genotypes, IR61612-313-16-2-2-1 and Suakoko 8 showed significantly high resistance with an average score of ² 3.5 on 1 - 9 scale. The SRR markers were highly informative and showed mean polymorphism information content (pic) of 0.68. The PIC values revealed that RM10793, RM3412, RM333, RM562, RM13628, RM310, RM5749, and RM154 could be the best markers for genetic diversity estimation of these rice cultivars. Diversity at the gene level showed an average of 4.61 alleles ranging from 2 to 12 per locus. Mean gene diversity (H) value for all SSR loci for the 30 genotypes evaluated was 0.69 but was decreased to 0.53 when analysis was performed on Ugandan accessions. The low genetic diversity found among the Ugandan accessions is the evidence of a narrow genetic base, and such a scenario has a potential vulnerability for resistance break down. A low correlation was detected between the observed molecular and morphological datasets. This means that a combination of morphological traits and SSR analysis would be required when assessing genetic variation under iron toxic conditions, and could be a practical strategy for breeders when planning crosses. A distinction between the resistant and susceptible accessions in both phenotyping and SSR datasets suggests the presence of unique alleles that could be harnessed for improvement of rice against iron toxicity.

Posterior Circulation Stroke: Advances in Understanding and Management

Geoffrey A. Donna 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.1

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Developing Brain Respiration Programs within Schools in the United States

Geoffrey K. Leigh(제프리 리) 한국뇌과학연구원 2004 한국뇌과학연구원 심포지엄 Vol.2004 No.7

Truth - the Essential Dimension of Ethics in Scholarship, Teaching, Learning and Research

Geoffrey R. Dixon 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-