Impacts of Economic Reforms on Small - Scale Industries in India

Krishna Gopal Gokhle,Tae-Hwang Kim 한국무역연구원 2013 무역연구 Vol.9 No.5

The Indian government has been recommending many reforms to improve the situation of small-scale industries (SSI). Some reforms are good, but some brought about many challenges to SSI in India This paper aims to evaluate the performance of SSI, taking into account such parameters as employment generated, exports, number of units and productivity per employee in the pre-liberalization and post-liberalization periods. To analyze how the Indian SSI policies have been effectively put in practice after economic liberalization, the growth rate and location quotient of the SSI before and after the reform period (1973-2007) are calculated. This is followed by a discussion on the Indian economic reforms have adversely affected the growth rate of SSI in terms of output, production, employment and units. After the economic reforms, the concentration of SSI increased around the big cities. Therefore putting emphasis on the SSI to reduce regional disparities has decreased.

LOW-LEVEL RADIO EMISSION FROM RADIO GALAXIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE

KRISHNA GOPAL,WIITA PAUL J.,BARAI PARAMITA The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5

We present an update on our proposal that during the 'quasar era' (1.5 $\le$ z $\le$ 3), powerful radio galaxies could have played a major role in the enhanced global star-formation, and in the widespread magnetization and metal pollution of the universe. A key ingredient of this proposal is our estimate that the true cosmological evolution of the radio galaxy population is likely to be even steeper than what has been inferred from flux-limited samples of radio sources with redshift data, when an allowance is made for the inverse Compton losses on the cosmic microwave background which were much greater at higher redshifts. We thus estimate that a large fraction of the clumps of proto-galactic material within the cosmic web of filaments was probably impacted by the expanding lobes of radio galaxies during the quasar era. Some recently published observational evidence and simulations which provide support for this picture are pointed out. We also show that the inverse Compton x-ray emission from the population of radio galaxies during the quasar era, which we inferred to be largely missing from the derived radio luminosity function, is still only a small fraction of the observed soft x-ray background (XRB) and hence the limit imposed on this scenario by the XRB is not violated.

Congenital uterovaginal abnormalities, it’s embryogenesis, surgical management and clinical implications

( Krishna Gopal Paul ),( Kalyan Chakravarthi Kosuri ),( Hasam Bayad ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.5

Objective Congenital Mullerian duct malformations are a challenging group of conditions for surgeons and need surgical experience and skill. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to present the diagnosis, surgical management, and clinical implications of congenital uterovaginal abnormalities. Methods Between 1980 and 2015, 8 patients with congenital uterovaginal abnormalities were diagnosed. In one patient a unique case of an unusual horseshoe shaped double uterus communicating via a transverse canal along with agenesis of the cervix and vagina was noted, and utero-vaginal agenesis was diagnosed in 6 patients. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome with its female phenotype associated with bilateral testicular tissue in the inguinal canal with an accompanying absence of the ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, vagina, and an imperforate hymen, was diagnosed in one patient. Clinical examination of all the patients revealed well-developed secondary sexual characteristics. A modified McIndoe vaginoplasty procedure was the surgical treatment common to all patients to treat vaginal agenesis. The surgery was performed by a consultant (Dr. K.G. Paul) using the standardized surgical technique. Results An unusual Mullerian duct anomaly, uterus bicornisacollis, was successfully corrected by uteroplasty and a new cervix was constructed. Complete vaginal agenesis was corrected by a modified McIndoe vaginoplasty technique. None of the patients had any significant post-operative complications. Conclusion Knowledge of congenital uterovaginal abnormalities diagnosed in this study is essential for surgeons, clinical anatomists, radiologists, and morphologists who may increase the success of their diagnostic evaluations and surgical approaches to the region.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiac Surgery Practice and Outcomes

Kirun Gopal,Neethu Krishna,Rajesh Jose,Surya Sree Chitra Biju,Jaya Suriya Pichandi,Praveen Kerala Varma 대한흉부외과학회 2022 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.55 No.1

Background: While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all aspects of health care, its impact on cardiac surgical practice and outcomes is yet to be determined. We compared the outcomes of our cardiac surgical practice from the past year during the pandemic to those in a similar pre-pandemic period. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 307 patients who were involved in all adult cardiac surgical procedures performed between March 2020 and February 2021, which was considered the pandemic period, at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India. These were compared with data from the 1-year period between March 2019 and Feb- ruary 2020. During that earlier period, 491 patients underwent surgery, and the surgical outcomes were assessed. Outpatient visit data were also collected to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on outpatient follow-up visits. Results: A 37% decrease in surgical case volume was observed during the study period. No difference was found in operative mortality between the 2 time periods (3.3% vs. 2.6%, p=0.383). Overall postoperative complications were less frequent during this period, at 23% compared to 38% the previous year (p<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a dramatic decrease in surgical volume and outpatient medical follow-up. However, the pandemic and its attendant social restric- tions did not yield a significant change in the surgical outcomes of our patients. Hence, it is reasonable to continue cardiac surgical care during global health crises, and this can be done with good results.

Design and Analysis of Lightweight Trust Mechanism for Accessing Data in MANETs

( Adarsh Kumar ),( Krishna Gopal ),( Alok Aggarwal ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.3

Lightweight trust mechanism with lightweight cryptographic primitives has emerged as an important mechanism in resource constraint wireless sensor based mobile devices. In this work, outlier detection in lightweight Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) is extended to create the space of reliable trust cycle with anomaly detection mechanism and minimum energy losses [1]. Further, system is tested against outliers through detection ratios and anomaly scores before incorporating virtual programmable nodes to increase the efficiency. Security in proposed system is verified through ProVerif automated toolkit and mathematical analysis shows that it is strong against bad mouthing and on-off attacks. Performance of proposed technique is analyzed over different MANET routing protocols with variations in number of nodes and it is observed that system provide good amount of throughput with maximum of 20% increase in delay on increase of maximum of 100 nodes. System is reflecting good amount of scalability, optimization of resources and security. Lightweight modeling and policy analysis with lightweight cryptographic primitives shows that the intruders can be detection in few milliseconds without any conflicts in access rights.

A Pragmatic Approach of CRUD in Dynamic Composition of Web Services

Ashok Kumar P.S.,Gopal Krishna C. 한국산학기술학회 2012 SmartCR Vol.2 No.6

The Composition of semantic web services coordinates various web services into one complex service. The Ontology is Knowledge based management system. OWL (Web Ontology Language) has machine interpretability with Web contents, so OWL is highly supported by XML and RDF. OWL will provide additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics. CRUD will provide the persistent storage for all real world entities (objects) in repositories. In semantic web technology the CRUD operations are performed in the repositories to extend the search operations of specific items in the retail management system. In this paper we are confronting an approach to carry out CRUD operations in the Dynamic Composition of web services in retail management system. The Sample application in this paper is apparently based on the automatic object - ontology mapping with form generation by different party’s or suppliers. Finally this paper explains the development and privileges of CRUD operations in dynamic Composition of web services that to in retail management system.

Novel Trusted Hierarchy Construction for RFID Sensor–Based MANETs Using ECCs

Adarsh Kumar Agnihotri,Krishna Gopal,Alok Aggarwal 한국전자통신연구원 2015 ETRI Journal Vol.37 No.1

In resource-constrained, low-cost, radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor–based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), ensuring security without performance degradation is a major challenge. This paper introduces a novel combination of steps in lightweight protocol integration to provide a secure network for RFID sensor–based MANETs using error-correcting codes (ECCs). The proposed scheme chooses a quasi-cyclic ECC. Key pairs are generated using the ECC for establishing a secure message communication. Probability analysis shows that code-based identification; key generation; and authentication and trust management schemes protect the network from Sybil, eclipse, and de-synchronization attacks. A lightweight model for the proposed sequence of steps is designed and analyzed using an Alloy analyzer. Results show that selection processes with ten nodes and five subgroup controllers identify attacks in only a few milliseconds. Margrave policy analysis shows that there is no conflict among the roles of network members.

Mode-coupling assisted electron accelerations by a plasma wave

Devki Nandan Gupta,Krishna Gopal,Victor V. Kulagin,석희용 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.3

The acceleration of electrons by a plasma wave in the presence of density ripple in plasma has been investigated. Plasma density ripple can excite higher harmonics of different phase velocities of the fundamental plasma wave. The combined role of the different harmonics of the plasma wave contributes significantly in electrons energy gain during acceleration by the fundamental plasma wave. Our calculation shows that the plasma electrons gain considerable energy during the acceleration by the plasma waves in the presence of a density ripple in plasma. The initial electron energy and the ripple density play an important role for the acceleration of an electron.

Do contractors undertake more learning and innovation than multinational subsidiaries at least developed host-sites? A study of clothing firms in Cambodia

Rajah Rasiah,Vignes Gopal Krishna,Kurunathan Ratnavelu 기술경영경제학회 2015 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.23 No.3

This paper seeks to test the argument that contractors introduce significant learning andinnovation activities comparable more or than integrated multinational clothing producers atleast developed host-sites. This follows from recent developments in the theory ofmultinationals that lead firms are increasingly abandoning peripheral innovation activitiesthat are characterised by low value added operations to focus on branding and associatedR&D activities. Any such development will offer opportunities for contract manufacturers,both national and foreign owned, to upgrade and specialise in innovative activities related tomanufacturing at distant host-sites as the brand holders at major markets will then specialiseon product R&D and design, and branding activities. The results from tobit regressionsshow that contract firms show higher process technology and innovation capabilities (ICs)than integrated firms in the clothing industry. Hence, there is econometric evidence tosupport the argument that changes in manufacturing offers tangible opportunities forcontract manufacturers in global value chains to upgrade into cutting-edge processes andtechniques, and ICs.

Understanding Barriers to Malaysian Women with Breast Cancer Seeking Help

Norsa'adah, Bachok,Rahmah, Mohd Amin,Rampal, Krishna Gopal,Knight, Aishah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Delay in help-seeking behaviour which is potentially preventable has a major effect on the prognosis and survival of patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to explore reasons for delay in seeking help among patients with breast cancer from the East Coast of peninsular Malaysia. A qualitative study using face-to-face in-depth interview was carried out involving 12 breast cancer patients who had been histo-pathologically confirmed and were symptomatic on presentation. Respondents were selected purposely based on their history of delayed consultation, diagnosis or treatment. All were of Malay ethnicity and the age range was 26-67 years. Three were in stage ll, seven in stage lll and two in stage lV. At the time of interview, all except one respondent had accepted treatment. The range of consultation time was 0.2-72.2 months with a median of 1.7 months, diagnosis time was 1.4-95.8 months( median 5.4 months )and treatment time was 0-33.3 months (median 1.2 months). The themes derived from the study were poor knowledge or awareness of breast cancer, fear of cancer consequences, beliefs in complementary alternative medicine, sanction by others, other priorities, denial of disease, attitude of wait and see and health care system weakness. Help-seeking behaviour was influenced by a complex interaction of cognitive, environmental, beliefs, culture and psycho-social factors. Breast cancer awareness and psychological counselling are recommended for all patients with breast symptoms to prevent delay in seeking clinical help.