Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Protein, Limiting Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Formulated Either on Total or Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Basis

Kumar, C. Basavanta,Gloridoss, R.G.,Singh, K.C.,Prabhu, T.M.,Suresh, B.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.11

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of $T_1$, TAA control; $T_2$ and $T_3$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; $T_4$, SIDAA control, $T_5$ and $T_6$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 dold fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% ($T_3$, 1,993 g) compared to control ($T_1$, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% ($T_6$, 2,076 g) compared to $T_4$ (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down ($T_3$, 1.741; $T_6$, 1.704) compared to respective controls ($T_1$, 1.696; $T_4$, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in $T_3$ (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to $T_4$ (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.

Development of Self-lubricating Nickel Based Composite Clad using Microwave Heating in Improving Resistance to Wear at Elevated Temperatures

G. Suresh,M. R. Ramesh,M. S. Srinath 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

This paper reports on a study of the high-temperature tribological performance of self-lubricating nickel-based compositeclad. A porous and crack free clad containing matrix, reinforcement, and lubricant phase is developed on titanium 31 alloyusing microwave irradiation. The microstructure of both NiCrSiB/WC and NiCrSiB/WC/Ag/BaF2 clad revealed very goodmetallurgical bonding with the substrate. The average microhardness of NiCrSiB/WC and NiCrSiB/WC/Ag/BaF2 clad is710.58 HV and 650.25 HV respectively, is comparatively higher than the titanium 31 substrate (320 HV). The addition of Agand BaF2solid lubricants in the clad endowing clad to operate at a broad temperature range. Compared with the NiCrSiB/WCclad, solid lubricant encapsulate clad has shown very low friction coefficient and wear rates. The sliding wear characteristicsof the clad were investigated by varying load and temperatures. The results revealed that oxide phases (NiO and Cr3O)andlubricant phases (Ag and BaWO4)formed at low and high temperatures are adequate to reduce delamination and material loss.

Development of Fine Denier Silkworm Hybrid CSR48×CSR5 of Bombyx mori L. for Superior Quality Silk

( G. V. Kalpana ),( N. Suresh Kumar ),( H. K. Basavaraja ),( N. Mal Reddy ),( A. K. Palit ) 한국잠사학회 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.2

Serious attempt for the improvement of quality parameters in silkworm hybrids came rather very late in India. Realising the need for productive breeds to the field and reorientation in breeding methodology, the silkworm breeders of CSRTI, Mysore were able to develop silkworm breeds with fine denier namely, JPN7, CSR48, B63 and B65 of specific industrial requirement through directional selection. As the success of silkworm breeds mainly depends on their combining ability, the developed breeds were subjected for hybrid evaluation. Out of 42 bivoltine hybrids studied, one hybrid, CSR48×CSR5 was identified for its superiority over the existing bivoltine hybrids namely CSR2×CSR4, CSR2×CSR5 and CSR18×CSR19 for majority of qualitative traits. Post cocoon testing of large quantity of cocoons of CSR48×CSR5 resulted in the production of high quality 3A grade silk. It is for the first time in the Indian Sericulture industry that high quality silk with longer filament length of 1474m, denier of 2.47, standard size deviation of 0.983d, maximum size deviation of 1.322, neatness of 96p, reelability of, 85% tenacity of 3.87 g/d, elongation of 22.32% and cohesion of 110 strokes was produced. The superiority of fine denier silkworm breeds and their hybrids are discussed.

Development of Fine Denier Silkworm Hybrid $CSR48{\times}CSR5$ of Bombyx mori L. for Superior Quality Silk

Kalpana G. V.,Kumar N. Suresh,Basavaraja H. K.,Reddy N. Mal,Palit A. K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.2

Serious attempt for the improvement of quality parameters in silkworm hybrids came rather very late in India. Realising the need for productive breeds to the field and reorientation in breeding methodology, the silkworm breeders of CSRTI, Mysore were able to develop silkworm breeds with fine denier namely, JPN7, CSR48, B63 and B65 of specific industrial requirement through directional selection. As the success of silkworm breeds mainly depends on their combining ability, the developed breeds were subjected for hybrid evaluation. Out of 42 bivoltine hybrids studied, one hybrid, $CSR48{\times}CSR5$ was identified for its superiority over the existing bivoltine hybrids namely $CSR2{\times}CSR4,\;CSR2{\times}CSR5\;and\;CSR18{\times}CSR19$ for majority of qualitative traits. Post cocoon testing of large quantity of cocoons of $CSR48{\times}CSR5$ resulted in the production of high quality '3A'grade silk. It is for the first time in the Indian Sericulture industry that high quality silk with longer filament length of 1474 m, denier of 2.47, standard size deviation of 0.983 d, maximum size deviation of 1.322, neatness of 96 p, reelability of $85\%$, tenacity of 3.87 g/d, elongation of $22.32\%$ and cohesion of 110 strokes was produced. The superiority of fine denier silkworm breeds and their hybrids are discussed.

Graphene oxide assisted spontaneous growth of V2O5 nanowires at room temperature.

Lee, Minoh,Hong, Won G,Jeong, Hu Young,Balasingam, Suresh Kannan,Lee, Zonghoon,Chang, Sung-Jin,Kim, Byung Hoon,Jun, Yongseok RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.19

<P>Graphene-decorated single crystalline V2O5 nanowires (G-VONs) have been synthesized by mixing graphene oxide (GO) and V2O5 suspensions at room temperature. In this process, V2O5 nanowires (VONs) are formed spontaneously from commercial V2O5 particles with the aid of GO. The as-formed one dimensional G-VONs were characterized by using a X-ray diffractometer, a X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope. GO plays a vital role in the VON formation with the simultaneous reduction of GO. A single G-VON showed superior electrical conductivity compared with that of the pure VONs obtained from the sol-gel method. This could be ascribed to the insertion of rGO sheets into the V2O5 layered structure, which was further confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy.</P>

Evaluation of chemopreventive effects of Thymoquinone on cell surface glycoconjugates and cytokeratin expression during DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

( G. Rajramal ),( K. Suresh ),( G. Sugunadevi ),( M. A. Vijayaanand ),( K. Rajalingam ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.10

The present study aimed to investigate the membrane stabilizing effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) on cell surface glycocon-jugates and cytokeratin expression against DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. 0.5% DMBA painting(three times per week) in hamster buccal pouches for 14 weeks resulted in the formation of well developed oral squamous cell carcinoma. We observed 100% tumor formation with marked abnormalities of glycoconjugates status in tumor bearing hamsters as compared to control animals. Oral administration of TQ at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, to DMBA painted hamsters on alternate days for 14 weeks, reduced the tumor formation as well as protected the levels of cell surface glycoconjugates in DMBA painted hamsters. The present study thus suggests that TQ has potent chemopreventive efficacy as well as protected the abnormalities on cell surface glycocon-jugates during DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis [BMB reports 2010; 43(10): 664-669]

Design and Implementation of 4 Bit Static RAM through Low-Power Pulse-Triggered Flip-Flop

G. Suresh,N. V. Lalitha,R. Aamani 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.9

In this paper a low-power pulse-triggered structure and a modified true single latch structure based on a signal feed-through scheme is designed in TSMC CMOS 180 nm technology. The Pulse triggered flip-flop (P-FF) solves the problem of long discharging path and achieves better speed and power performance. The pre and post lay-out simulations has been done using Cadence tool, the performance analysis on power-delay-product metrics are obtained through simulation and finally a 4-bit RAM is designed by using P-FF and then the implementation has been done on SOC 11.10 technology.

Plasma proteome analysis for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic potentials of chitosan oligosaccharides in ob/ob mice

Kumar, Suresh G.,Rahman, Md. Atiar,Lee, Sung Hak,Hwang, Hee Sun,Kim, Hyun Ah,Yun, Jong Won WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Proteomics Vol.9 No.8

<P>Altered levels of adipokines, derived as a result of distorted adipocytes, are the major factors responsible for changing biochemical parameters in obesity that leads to the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. In our previous reports, chitosan oligosaccharides (CO) were proved to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effect of CO on ob/ob mice, by means of differential proteomic analysis of plasma. This was followed by immunoblotting, and gene expression in adipose tissue to clarify the molecular mechanism. CO treatment showed reduced diet intake (13%), body weight gain (12%), lipid (29%) and glucose levels (35%). 2-DE results showed differential levels of five proteins namely RBP4, apoE, and apoA-IV by >2-fold down-regulation and by >2-fold of apoA-I and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) up-regulation after CO treatment. Immunoblotting studies of adiponectin and resistin showed amelioration in their levels in plasma. Furthermore, the results of gene expressions for adipose tissue specific TNF-α, and IL-6 secretary molecules were also down-regulated by CO treatment. Gene expressions of PPARγ in adipose tissue were in good agreement with the ameliorated levels of adipokines, thereby improving the pathological state. Taken together, CO might act as a potent down-regulator of obesity-related gene expression in ob/ob mice that may normalize altered plasma proteins to overcome metabolic disorders of obesity.</P>

Planning and Optimization of Energy Scheduling in Cohesive Renewable Energy Microgridto Meet Electric Load Demand of an Educational Institution

Bharathi G. Jaya,Padmanabhan T. Suresh 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.6

Promoting promising and environment-friendly energy systems with smart microgridsis one of the imperativesolutions to realize sustainable development goal 7 (SDG 7) of uninterrupted electricity for all. On this premise, we develop a Cohesive Renewable Energy Microgrid (CREM) that providesa guarantee for universal access to electricity in a sustainable, aff ordable, and reliable way by integrating diff erent energy sources. In this work, we propose a grid-independent microgrid with cohesive solar-wind generating units, a diesel powered electric generator, and a storagebank to meet the power requirements of an educational institution, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India (10° 48.2′ N, 79° 50.1′ E). This work targets to evaluate the performance of diff erent renewable energy sources as analternate for traditional fossil fuel to provide uninterrupted power supply in the college premises. In this work, a software tool called Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable, is employed to fi nd out the optimal confi gurations of the proposed CREM and to validate the potential of the microgrid by performing techno-economic analysis against the given load demand.The statistics related to thesunradiations and wind velocities of the Nagapattinam district are employed in this study to achieve accurate results.The optimization results provide minimumannual system cost andconsistent power supply related to the actual utility grid.The optimal confi guration of the proposed CREM comprises of 3.3 kW wind turbine, 13 kW solar photovoltaics (PV) panels, and a 15 kW Genset with an annualized cost of $115,451 and energy costof 0.082$/kWh. The proposed CREM produces 71,457 kWh/year of energy to fulfi llthe institutional load demand of 58,043 kWh/year. The results reveal that the annualized cost of a Gensetis the maximum and contributes 64.63% of annualized system cost followed by solar energy system with 12.97%, battery bank with 11.47%, a wind turbine with 6.61%, and converter with 4.31%

Modeling and Forecasting Livestock Feed Resources in India Using Climate Variables

Suresh, K.P.,Kiran, G. Ravi,Giridhar, K.,Sampath, K.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.4

The availability and efficient use of the feed resources in India are the primary drivers to maximize productivity of Indian livestock. Feed security is vital to the livestock management, extent of use, conservation and productivity enhancement. Assessment and forecasting of livestock feed resources are most important for effective planning and policy making. In the present study, 40 years of data on crop production, land use pattern, rainfall, its deviation from normal, area under crop and yield of crop were collected and modeled to forecast the likely production of feed resources for the next 20 years. The higher order auto-regressive (AR) models were used to develop efficient forecasting models. Use of climatic variables (actual rainfall and its deviation from normal) in combination with non-climatic factors like area under each crop, yield of crop, lag period etc., increased the efficiency of forecasting models. From the best fitting models, the current total dry matter (DM) availability in India was estimated to be 510.6 million tonnes (mt) comprising of 47.2 mt from concentrates, 319.6 mt from crop residues and 143.8 mt from greens. The availability of DM from dry fodder, green fodder and concentrates is forecasted at 409.4, 135.6 and 61.2 mt, respectively, for 2030.