Characterization and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi from sunn pests in Turkey

Gül Esra,Babaroğlu Numan Ertuğrul,Demirci Fikret 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

The sunn pests (Eurygaster spp.) which are important pests of wheat and barley, can lead to 100% yield loss in the case of an epidemic. This study was conducted to characterize the entomopathogenic fungi, obtained from the sunn pests collected from different overwintering areas of Turkey and determine their pathogenicity. Seventeen Beauveria pseudobassiana, 12 Beauveria bassiana, 16 Cordyceps farinosa, 1 Purpureocillium lilacinum, and 2 Clo nostachys rosea species were identified. Pathogenicity tests were performed with three B. pseudobassiana, two B. bassiana, four C. farinosa, and one P. lilacinum isolates. B. pseudobassiana isolates BB34 and AF4 caused 100% death on the 9th day, and another B. pseudobassiana isolate E512 caused 100% death on the 12th day. C. farinosa isolate KOKA2 caused 95.8% death on the 15th day. Ultimately, B. pseudobassiana was determined to be the most prevalent and virulent species on sunn pests.

Emulating the Turkish Experience through European Neighborhood Policy-Prospects for Democratization in the Arab and Muslim World Considered

Gül M. Kurtoğlu-Eskişar 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2007 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.14 No.2

A widespread consensus among scholars on the Turkey-EU accession talks in recent years is their overall positive impact on the Turkish democracy. Can the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) have a similar effect on other neighboring target Muslim countries? This paper seeks to answer the question by overviewing some of the main democratization efforts in Turkey since the 1990s. The following section then compares the Turkish experience with other Muslim countries (those with a Muslim-majority population) that are ENP partners, by stressing the differences. The final section concludes by discussing the prospects of democratization in the latter based on these findings, and the potential roles that the ENP can play to further promote the ongoing process.

Remembering traditional craftsmanship: conserving a heritage of woodworking in Rize, Turkey

Gül Aktürk 국립민속박물관 2020 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.15 No.1

The rural vernacular architecture in the highlands of the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey has survived for over 200 years, yet the local traditions of craftsmanship in wood are disappearing. As these craft skills are no longer being handed down, the value of the intangible heritage that lies behind the vernacular architecture is no longer being promoted, despite the importance of woodworking in the historical evolution of the area. This paper reviews the longstanding tradition of woodworking and its relationship with the local community. Based on unstructured interviews with local people, analysis of archival sources and on-site observations, the study first highlights the use of wood in daily life, including everyday objects, decoration and carving on traditional furniture. Then it examines current local practices, the interconnected value of the built heritage, and the loss of those values in construction today. I ask how woodworking was used in the past and how people can now promote it. I will discuss the continuity of this legacy particularly through oral history, and how better public inclusion could safeguard this element of intangible heritage in the future.

A CRITIQUE OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

Gül Berna Özcan 국제개발협력학회 2016 국제개발협력연구 Vol.8 No.3

With empirical evidence gathered from four different donor programmes launched in the Kyrgyz Republic, this study offers a critical analysis of western aid interventions. The findings point out that local effects of extensive aid exposure have weakened reforms and captured agency interests. Aggressive market liberalisation and decentralisation policies ignored long-term state and industrial capacity building.

Investigation of Moisture Management and Frictional Characteristics of Top Layers Used in Disposable Absorbent Hygiene Products

Hande Gül Atasağun,Sukran Kara 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.9

Absorbent hygiene products are developed to absorb body fluids. They are designed as layered structures andinclude baby diapers, adult incontinence products, and feminine care products. Their top layers - namely cover stock andacquisition and distribution layer (ADL) - should pass the liquid quickly to the underneath layers and also distribute it on thestructure before reaching the absorbent core. Hence, the performance of the hygiene products is closely related to theinteraction between these layers. Furthermore, a wetted cover stock can lead to discomfort sensation due to the skin-productinteraction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate both moisture management and frictional characteristics of top layers,considering their interactions. The materials used in this study are currently used in commercially available absorbenthygiene products. For the study, nine combinations were formed with cover stocks and ADLs having different structures andunit masses. The findings indicated that their physical and structural properties had substantial effects on removing liquidaway from the skin quickly and transferring it to the absorbent core. Also, the mass of ADLs was found to be effective on thefrictional behaviors of combinations. The results of this study can be used to design absorbent hygiene products that enhancewearer comfort.

Examination of Gusset Plate Modeling via Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

Hakkı Deniz Gül,Kıvanç Taşkın 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.2

The connection of the braces of special concentrically braced steel frames to the adjoining frames is usually modeled as a pin connection in practice. However, in the actual case, stiff gusset plates settle in brace-ends to provide the connection of brace elements to the structural system. In this study, gusset plates are modeled as the semi-rigid and pin connection to investigate the modeling effects on the structural responses on both member and global levels. The finite element model of a single brace element is calibrated according to previous experimental work to provide reliable analytical work. The two analytical steel frame models of a fictitious office building are created to perform the nonlinear response history analysis. Analysis results showed that the pin connection assumption for the brace-ends could not reflect the buckling behavior of the brace member with sufficient accuracy. Gusset plates should be designed as a structural element, and their mechanical properties should be implemented into the analytical model to accurately simulate the buckling and the post-buckling behavior of brace members.

Nonlinear vibrations of axially moving beams with multiple concentrated masses Part I: primary resonance

M. Sar gül,H. Boyaci 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.2

Transverse vibrations of axially moving beams with multiple concentrated masses have been investigated. It is assumed that the beam is of Euler-Bernoulli type, and both ends of it have simply supports. Concentrated masses are equally distributed on the beam. This system is formulated mathematically and then sought to find out approximately solutions of the problem. Method of multiple scales has been used. It is assumed that axial velocity of the beam is harmonically varying around a mean-constant velocity. In case of primary resonance, an analytical solution is derived. Then, the effects of both magnitude and number of the concentrated masses on nonlinear vibrations are investigated numerically in detail.

Methylphenidate and Central Precocious Puberty: A Probable Side Effect among Seven Children with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Ayça Törel Ergür,Hesna Gül,Ahmet Gül 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.3

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most preferred drug for treatment of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we aimed to discuss the possible effects and mechanisms of MPH on precocious puberty (PP) via a case series with seven children who had normal body mass index. In this case series we evaluated seven children with ADHD, who had received MPH for at least 6 months (0.5 mg/kg/dose three times a day, maximum 60 mg) and admitted to Department of Pediatric Endocrinology with PP symptoms. The mean age was 8.16 years. Basal hormonal levels (luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone, and estrogen/testosterone) were within normal range. Results of LH-releasing hormone stimulation tests demonstrated central pubertal responses. Glutamine, dopamine and noradrenaline are most important excitatory neurotransmitters that have a role at the beginning of puberty. The effect of MPH, cumulating dopamine and noradrenaline in the synaptic gap could be associated with the acceleration of puberty with the excitatory effect of dopamine’s gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, excitatory effect of noradrenaline’s GnRH release and the disappearance of GnRH receptor expression suppressor effect on prolactin disinhibitory effect.

Effect of adherence to carbohydrate counting on metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Sinem Bayram,Gül Kızıltan,Onur Akın 대한소아내분비학회 2020 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.25 No.3

Purpose: Carbohydrate counting provides better glycemic control and flexibility than other food planning methods. Consistent adherence to such a complex method is difficult, especially for youth. However, studies that determine adherence to this method and whether it alters metabolic control are limited. The aim of the current study was to determine adherence to this method and investigate its effect on metabolic control, anthropometric measurements, insulin dose, and energy intake. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 53 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 2 to18 years and receiving intensive insulin therapy were trained and followed for 6 months. Demographics, anthropometrics, insulin requirements, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting lipids, and food records at baseline and study conclusion were evaluated. At the end of the study patients were divided into adherer and nonadherer groups according to carbohydrate estimate deviations from standardized daily sample menus and calculations for accurate insulin doses. More than 10-g variation in daily consumed carbohydrate amount or failure to decide bolus insulin dose was defined as a nonadherer. Results: The mean HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index standard deviation score changed after the carbohydrate counting training while the mean HbA1c between groups was significant (P<0.05). Total daily insulin doses increased, and the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased in both groups. There were significant correlations between HbA1c and carbohydrate deviation scores as well as HbA1c and caregiver's education level. Conclusion: Since adherence to carbohydrate counting may affect metabolic control, health professionals should evaluate and monitor carbohydrate counting skills of caregivers and patients in order to improve efficiency.

Effects of various cone-beam computed tomography settings on the detection of recurrent caries under restorations in extracted primary teeth

Kıvanç Kamburoğlu,Gül Sönmez,Zeynep Serap Berktaş,Hakan Kurt,Doĝukan Özen 대한영상치의학회 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ex vivo diagnostic ability of 9 different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) settings in the detection of recurrent caries under amalgam restorations in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two primary teeth were used. Twenty-six teeth had dentine caries and 26 teeth did not have dentine caries. Black class II cavities were prepared and restored with amalgam. In the 26 carious teeth, recurrent caries were left under restorations. The other 26 intact teeth that did not have caries served as controls. Teeth were imaged using a 100×90-mm field of view and a 0.2-mm voxel size with 9 different CBCT settings. Four observers assessed the images using a 5-point scale. Kappa values were calculated to assess observer agreement. CBCT settings were compared with the gold standard using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) values for each setting were compared using the chi-square test, with a significance level of α=.05. Results: Intraobserver kappa values ranged from 0.366 to 0.664 for observer 1, from 0.311 to 0.447 for observer 2, from 0.597 to 1.000 for observer 3, and from 0.869 to 1 for observer 4. Furthermore, interobserver kappa values among the observers ranged from 0.133 to 0.814 for the first reading and from 0.197 to 0.805 for the second reading. The highest AUC values were found for setting 5 (0.5916) and setting 3 (0.5886), and were not found to be statistically significant (P>.05). Conclusion: Variations in tube voltage and tube current did not affect the detection of recurrent caries under amalgam restorations in primary teeth.