Radiology Residents' Awareness about Ionizing Radiation Doses in Imaging Studies Their Cancer Risk during Radiological Examinations

Senem Divrik Gökçe,Erkan Gökçe,Melek Coşkun 대한영상의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.13 No.2

Objective: Imaging methods that use ionizing radiation have been more frequent in various medical fields with advances in imaging technology. The aim of our study was to make residents be aware of the radiation dose they are subjected to when they conduct radiological imaging methods, and of cancer risk. Materials and Methods: A total of 364 residents participated in this descriptive study which was conducted during the period between October, 2008 and January, 2009. The questionnaires were completed under strict control on a one-to-one basis from each department. A X2-test was used for the evaluation of data obtained. Results: Only 7% of residents correctly answered to the question about the ionizing radiation dose of a posteroanterior (PA) chest X-ray. The question asking about the equivalent number of PA chest X-rays to the ionizing dose of a brain CT was answered correctly by 24% of residents; the same question regarding abdominal CT was answered correctly by 16% of residents, thorax CT by 16%, thyroid scintigraphy by 15%, intravenous pyelography by 9%, and lumbar spine radiography by 2%. The risk of developing a cancer throughout lifetime by a brain and abdominal CT were 33% and 28%, respectively. Conclusion: Radiologic residents should have updated knowledge about radiation dose content and attendant cancer risks of various radiological imaging methods during both basic medical training period and following practice period. Objective: Imaging methods that use ionizing radiation have been more frequent in various medical fields with advances in imaging technology. The aim of our study was to make residents be aware of the radiation dose they are subjected to when they conduct radiological imaging methods, and of cancer risk. Materials and Methods: A total of 364 residents participated in this descriptive study which was conducted during the period between October, 2008 and January, 2009. The questionnaires were completed under strict control on a one-to-one basis from each department. A X2-test was used for the evaluation of data obtained. Results: Only 7% of residents correctly answered to the question about the ionizing radiation dose of a posteroanterior (PA) chest X-ray. The question asking about the equivalent number of PA chest X-rays to the ionizing dose of a brain CT was answered correctly by 24% of residents; the same question regarding abdominal CT was answered correctly by 16% of residents, thorax CT by 16%, thyroid scintigraphy by 15%, intravenous pyelography by 9%, and lumbar spine radiography by 2%. The risk of developing a cancer throughout lifetime by a brain and abdominal CT were 33% and 28%, respectively. Conclusion: Radiologic residents should have updated knowledge about radiation dose content and attendant cancer risks of various radiological imaging methods during both basic medical training period and following practice period.

Antibacterial activity of soy edible coatings incorporated with thyme and oregano essential oils on beef against pathogenic bacteria

Gökçe Polat Yemiş,Kezban Candog˘an 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.4

Inhibitory effects of soy-protein edible coatings incorporated with 1, 2, or 3% of thyme or oregano essential oils (EOs) were determined against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC), Listeria monocytogenes (LM), and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in vitro and on fresh beef during refrigerated storage for 14 days. The soy-protein coatings with oregano and thyme EOs exhibited similar antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria. Greater antimicrobial activity of soy edible coatings was demonstrated against SA when 3% of EOs were added. Coatings with 3% thyme and oregano EOs exhibited 2.86 and 2.59, 1.97 and 1.90, and 1.87 and 1.83 log CFU/g reductions in SA, LM, and EC populations, respectively, as compared with the control by Day 14. This study demonstrated that application of edible coatings containing oregano and thyme EOs on fresh beef cuts could have a potential for controlling pathogenic bacteria and enhancing color stability with acceptable sensory characteristics.

Experiences with Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy in Turkish Women Based on Roy Adaptation Model: A Content Analysis

Gözde Gökçe İsbir,Samiye Mete 한국간호과학회 2013 Asian Nursing Research Vol.7 No.4

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to explore how Turkish women experience nausea and vomiting in pregnancy based on the Roy Adaptation Model. Methods: To collect data, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 35 pregnant women who had nausea and vomiting. The sample of the study included pregnant women who were in their first 12 weeks of gestation, did not have medical problems and had nausea, retching and/or vomiting for at least the last 3 days. Data were collected in semi-structured interview form based on the Roy Adaptation Model and with a background data sheet. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis. Results: Data were classified into four adaptive modes according to the Roy Adaptation Model. The behaviors in the physiological mode were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, inadequate nutrition, inguinal pain, burning sensation and irritation in the throat, ketosis, and urinary incontinence. The behaviors in the self-concept mode were feeling weak, crying, inadequate self-care, changes in sexual intercourse, and social isolation. The behaviors in the role function mode were being unable to fulfill the responsibilities at home and work. The behaviors in the interdependence mode were dissatisfaction with relationships. Conclusion: The study findings help nursing staff detect the stimuli and the behaviors of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Further research may evaluate the impact of a counseling program prepared under the guidance of a nursing model on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to explore how Turkish women experience nausea and vomiting in pregnancy based on the Roy Adaptation Model. Methods: To collect data, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 35 pregnant women who had nausea and vomiting. The sample of the study included pregnant women who were in their first 12 weeks of gestation, did not have medical problems and had nausea, retching and/or vomiting for at least the last 3 days. Data were collected in semi-structured interview form based on the Roy Adaptation Model and with a background data sheet. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis. Results: Data were classified into four adaptive modes according to the Roy Adaptation Model. The behaviors in the physiological mode were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, inadequate nutrition, inguinal pain, burning sensation and irritation in the throat, ketosis, and urinary incontinence. The behaviors in the self-concept mode were feeling weak, crying, inadequate self-care, changes in sexual intercourse, and social isolation. The behaviors in the role function mode were being unable to fulfill the responsibilities at home and work. The behaviors in the interdependence mode were dissatisfaction with relationships. Conclusion: The study findings help nursing staff detect the stimuli and the behaviors of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Further research may evaluate the impact of a counseling program prepared under the guidance of a nursing model on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

The Restrictive Immunity Doctrine and Employment Claims: Recent Trends in the Face of Competing Interests

Yasir Gökçe (사) 이준국제법연구원 2016 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.9 No.2

Absolute immunity means that a State cannot exercise legislative, judicial or executive powers over another State due to the mere fact that the latter is sovereign. Today, it is rejected by a considerable number of States which represent various legal systems. States argue that private acts of a State performed jure gestionis, apart from the conducts performed jure impreii, are justiciable. It can be asserted that the current State practice embracing the restrictive approach is the direction in which international law has been evolving. That said, States’ interests which led to the adoption of State immunity still continue to induce legislative bodies and courts to be cautious in formulating a broad exception to immunity for employment contracts, causing them to refocus on the question of whether the employment relationship is destined for governmental, public, or sovereign purposes.

Metallurgical Assessment of Novel Mg–Sn–La Alloys Produced by High‑Pressure Die Casting

Azim Gökçe 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.7

Mg alloys containing Al are widely used for industrial applications, but the use of these alloys as an automotive part is limiteddue to the low melting temperature of the Mg17Al12intermetallic phase. Therefore, magnesium alloys without aluminumthat can withstand higher operating temperatures are of interest to the automotive industry. The objective of this work is todevelop Al-free Mg alloys for industrial applications. In the current work, four types of alloys were produced with varyingLa contents. The high-pressure die casting method was selected to overcome the problems inherent in the gravity castingmethod with respect to the production of parts with complex shapes and thin walls. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed thatthe base alloy (Mg–5Sn wt%) comprises of α-Mg and Mg2Snphases whereas La containing alloys included intermetallicphases such as LaMg3,Mg17La2,and La5Sn3. Corresponding grain sizes of the alloys with La are lower than those of theMg5Sn alloy. Due to this lower grain size and emerging dispersoids, the tensile strength of the Mg5Sn4La alloy (205 MPa)is roughly double that of Mg5Sn. Moreover, the addition of the 4% wt. La to the Mg5Sn alloys led to an increase in yieldstrength and ductility by 25% and 50%, respectively.

The Toughness of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Foam Concrete under Various Uni- and Tri-Axial Compression Loads

H. S. Gökçe,N. Öksüzer,H. A. Kamiloğlu,M. Eyüboğlu,F. Yılmaz 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.7

Foam concrete has recently become a key construction material in terms of meeting thespecial needs of modern engineering applications such as thermal insulation, absorption ofstatic and dynamic loads. In this study, the effect of polypropylene fiber content and variousuni- and tri-axial compression loads on the toughness response of polypropylene fiberreinforcedfoam concrete was investigated. Up to a certain strain level (0.1 mm/mm), theultimate compression stress of specimens under uni- and tri-axial loading increased fromabout 1 MPa to 16 MPa with the increased target densities of foam concrete. There was astrain-hardening capability of low-density foam concrete while the specimens failed by strainsofteningin the high-density series. The optimum fiber amounts were found to be 3.9%,4.6%, and 6.4% for low, medium, and high target densities of foam concrete, respectively. Atlow-density series, the bubbles were observed to be relatively bigger and mostly merged witheach other. A reduction in foam content (vice versa, increasing target density of mixture) andthe presence of fiber resulted in smaller pore size and a more homogenous distribution ofthem in the matrix. In conclusion, the desired pore structure and efficient bridging of fibers inthe matrix allowed the production of favorable foam concrete with higher toughness.

The Neurochemical Effects of Prazosin Treatment on Fear Circuitry in a Rat Traumatic Stress Model

Sema Ketenci,Nazife Gökçe Acet,Gökçe Elif Sarıdoğan,Banu Aydın,Hülya Cabadak,Mehmet Zafer Gören 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.2

Objective: The timing of administration of pharmacologic agents is crucial in traumatic stress since they can either potentiate the original fear memory or may cause fear extinction depending on the phase of fear conditioning. Brain noradrenergic system has a role in fear conditioning. Data regarding the role of prazosin in traumatic stress are controversial. Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of prazosin and the noradrenergic system in fear conditioning in a predator stress rat model. We evaluated the direct or indirect effects of stress and prazosin on noradrenaline (NA), gamma-aminobuytyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glycine levels and choline esterase activity in the amygdaloid complex, the dorsal hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex and the rostral pons. Results: Our results demonstrated that prazosin might alleviate defensive behaviors and traumatic stress symptoms when given during the traumatic cue presentation in the stressed rats. However prazosin administration resulted in higher anxiety levels in non stressed rats when the neutral cue was presented. Conclusion: Prazosin should be used in PTSD with caution because prazosin might exacerbate anxiety in non-traumatized subjects. However prazosin might as well alleviate stress responses very effectively. Stress induced changes included increased NA and GABA levels in the amygdaloid complex in our study, attributing noradrenaline a possible inhibitory role on fear acquisition. Acetylcholine also has a role in memory modulation in the brain. We also demonstrated increased choline esterase acitivity. Cholinergic modulation might be another target for indirect prazosin action which needs to be further studied.

A Case of Emetophobia Responding to Mirtazapine and Propranolol Treatment

Merve Köksal,Gökçe Koçak,Yusuf Öztürk,Ali Evren Tufan 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.4

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution Using Anion Exchange Resin: Equilibrium Isotherms and Kinetics

Cennet Korkmaz,Gökçe Didar Değermenci,Nejdet Değermenci 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.11

Phosphate removal before discharging wastewater into the receiving environment is important since eutrophication has become an environmental problem on a global scale. In this study, phosphate ion removal from aqueous solutions was investigated using a strong anion exchange resin, Purolite A200E. The effects of initial phosphate ion concentration, initial pH value of the solution, resin dosage, stirring speed, presence of some anions in solution, and temperature on the ion exchange process were researched. Resin dosage, stirring speed, and temperature increases were determined to increase the phosphate removal rate. The highest phosphate removal efficiency was observed in the pH interval 7–9. With initial phosphate concentration of 10 and 20 mg/L, 1.50 g/500 mL resin dosage fully removed phosphate at the end of 120 min. However, at phosphate concentrations higher than 20 mg/L, increasing phosphate concentrations caused a reduction in removal efficiency. The competitive anion with the most effect on phosphate removal was sulfate while adding bicarbonate did not affect phosphate removal. Pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models were used to assess experimental data. Kinetic studies revealed that the ion exchange process can be explained better by the PFO kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed with the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, and the Freundlich isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better.

Arterial Stiffness in Patients Taking Second-generation Antipsychotics

Ebru Fındıklı,Mustafa Gökçe,Vedat Nacitarhan,Mehmet Akif Camkurt,Hüseyin Avni Fındıklı,Selçuk Kardas,Merve Coşgun Şahin,Mehmet Fatih Karaaslan 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.4

Objective: That treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) causes metabolic side effects and atherosclerosis in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) is well-known. Increased arterial stiffness is an important marker of arteriosclerosis and has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a marker of arteriosclerosis in patients with schizophrenia and BD who use SGAs. Methods: Patients and controls were collected from our psychiatry outpatient clinics or family medicine. Mental illness was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Mean age, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, Framingham risk score (FRS), etc. were determined. Simultaneous electrocardiography and pulse wave were recorded with an electromyography device. The photo-plethysmographic method was used to record the pulse wave. Inclusion criteria included use of SGAs for at least the last six months. Patients with diseases that are known to cause stiffness and the use of typical antipsychotics were excluded. Results: Ninety-six subject (56 patients, 40 controls) were included in our study. There were 49 females, 47 males. Patients had schizophrenia (n=17) and BD (n=39). Their treatments were quetiapine (n=15), risperidone (n=13), olanzapine (n=15), and aripiprazole (n=13). Although differences in mean age, gender, and FRS in the patient and control groups were not statistically significant (p=1), PWV was greater in patients in the antipsychotic group (p=0.048). Conclusion: This study supported the liability to stiffness in patients with schizophrenia and BD. Using SGAs may contribute to arterial stiffness in these patients.