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Delayed Parallel Interference Cancellation for GPS C/A Code Receivers
É,amonn P. Glennon,Roderick C. Bryant,Andrew G. Dempster 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2 No.-
A number of different techniques are available to mitigate the problem of cross correlations caused by the limited dynamic range of the 10-bit Gold codes in the GPS C/A code. These techniques include successive-interference cancellation (SIC) and parallel-interference cancellation (PIC), where the strong signals are subtracted at IF prior to attempting to detect the weak signals. In this paper, a variation of these techniques is proposed whereby the subtraction process is delayed until after the correlation process, although still employing a pure reconstructed C/A code signal to permit prediction of the cross correlation process. The paper provides details on the method as well as showing the results obtained when the method was implemented using a software GPS receiver. The benefits of this approach are also described, as is the application of the method to the cancellation of CW interference.
제라드 마꾸 明知大學校 國際人權敎育硏究센터 2001 國際人權敎育硏究 Vol.3 No.
프랑스의 법조인 양성체제와 사법개혁 프랑스에 있어서는 일반법관과 행정법관의 양성체제를 함께 다루는 것은 일반적이 아니다. 1980의 법률개정 이래 행정법원의 재판관들은 법관이라는 칭호를 가지게 되었지만, ( 최고행정재판소인 국사원(Conseil d'Etat)의 위원(심판관)들은 법관에 포함되지는 아니함) 헌법 제66조의 사법권은 일반법관만을 포함한다. 따라서 프랑스의 법조인 양성체제를 파악하기 위하여 이하에서는 행정법원의 법관의 경우와 일반법원의 법관양성의 경우를 나누어 고찰하는 것이 적절할 것이다. 전통적으로 행정재판은 국가최고위 인사로 구성된 국사원에 의해 수행되는 최고위공공행정영역에 속해 있었다. 그 후 행정법원의 창설과 그에 이은 고등행정법원의 창설은 그 행정법관은 국립대학원(Ecole Nationale d'Administraion : ENA)에 의해 충원되도록 되었다. 이에 따라 1958년의 법원개혁에 의해 국립사범대학원(Ecole Nationale de la Magistrature: ENM)이 창설되었다. 그러나 이 국립 사범대학원은 일반법관의 양성만을 유일한 목적으로 한다. 따라서 국립사범대학원의 법조인 양성과정은 행정법관의 양성과는 다른 내용을 가지게 되었다. 경쟁시험에 의한 채용은 이미 오래 전부터 행정공무원과 법관에 공통한 채용방법이지만, 우체국 공무원 등 실제적 필요성에 의한 특별채용방법도 여전히 존재하고 있다. 행정법원 법관의 충원방법에 관하여는 최고행정재판소(Conseil d'Etat)와 고등행정법원 및 지방행정법원의 각 경우를 나누어 보는 것이 적절한 것이다. 행정법원이나 일반법원이나 양심과(?)원에 대한 규정은 공통으로 다음의 두 가지 요청을 조화하려는 것이다. 그 첫째로는 법관양심을 목적으로 하는 사법전문대학원(ENM)이나 행정전문대학원(ENA)등 특수적 자질을 확보하는 것이고, 두 번째는 법조인 영역에 법조영역이외의 풍부한 직업적 경험과 전문지식을 유입할 수 있도록 충분한 개방성을 확보하는 것이다. 이러한 목적으로 비추어 볼 때, 법적지식과 법학연구 발전을 체계화하는 직업인 법학 교수는 필수적인 법관임용자격자이다. 법학교수들의 지적 기여는 판례의 발전에 공헌함으로써 사법체제의 현대화에 기여할 수 있다. 그러나 실제로 법학교수들이 행정법원이나 일반법원에 법관으로 참여하는 것은 상대적으로 미약하다. 법원교수들은 최고행정재판소(Conseil d'Etat: 국사원)보다는 최고위적 사법재판기구인 대법원(Cour de Cassation:파기원)에 대법관으로 참여하는 것이 더욱 중요하다. 그러나 법학교수가 법조인으로 참여하는 것이 그들의 역할에 있어서 유일한 형태는 아니며, 나아가 그것이 가장 중요한 것은 물론 아니다. 장기적으로 보아 법관임용 공개경쟁시험에서 합격하려는 사람들에게 법학교육을 확보해주는 법학교수의 법학교육자로서의 자격은 그들의 핵심적 공헌이다. 나아가 법학논문 발표와 판례형식도 법학교수의 큰 공헌이다.
SPATIAL CLUSTERING FROM<i>GALEX</i>-SDSS SAMPLES: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING
Heinis, Sé,bastien,Budavá,ri, Tamá,s,Szalay, Alex S.,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Aragó,n-Calvo, Miguel A.,Wyder, Ted K.,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Peter, Friedman G.,Martin, D. C IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.698 No.2
Why hybrid porous solids capture greenhouse gases?
Fé,rey, Gé,rard,Serre, Christian,Devic, Thomas,Maurin, Guillaume,Jobic, Hervé,Llewellyn, Philip L.,De Weireld, Guy,Vimont, Alexandre,Daturi, Marco,Chang, Jong-San Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical Society reviews Vol.40 No.2
<P>Hybrid porous solids, with their tunable structures, their multifunctional properties and their numerous applications, are currently topical, particularly in the domain of adsorption and storage of greenhouse gases. Most of the data reported so far concern the performances of these solids in this domain, particularly in terms of adsorbed amounts of gas but do not explain at the atomic level why and how adsorption and storage occur. From a combination of structural, spectroscopic, thermodynamic experiments and of molecular simulations, this <I>tutorial review</I> proposes answers to these open questions with a special emphasis on CO<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB> storage by some rigid and flexible hybrid porous materials.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Why and how hybrid porous solids capture gases: exploration combining appropriate <I>in situ</I> measurements and molecular simulations. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cs00040j'> </P>
Chemical forms of calcium in Ca,Zn- and Ca,Cd-containing grains excreted by tobacco trichomes
Sarret, Gé,raldine,Isaure, Marie-Pierre,Marcus, Matthew A,Harada, Emiko,Choi, Yong-Eui,Pairis, Sé,bastien,Fakra, Sirine,Manceau, Alain National Research Council 2007 Canadian journal of chemistry Vol.85 No.10
<P> Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) plants exposed to toxic levels of zinc and cadmium excrete metals through their leaf trichomes (epidermal hairs) as Zn,Ca- and Cd,Ca-containing grains. Little is known about the nature and formation mechanism of these precipitates. The chemical, crystalline, and noncrystalline compositions of individual grains produced by tobacco were studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), micro-X-ray diffraction (µXRD), and calcium K-edge micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (µXANES) spectroscopy. Zinc is predominantly incorporated in calcite and cadmium in calcite and vaterite. Aragonite, which occurs occasionally, does not seem to contain trace metals. In addition to being precipitated in its three possible polymorphic forms, calcite, aragonite, and vaterite, calcium is also speciated as amorphous CaCO3 and possibly organic Ca in some grains. Most often, a particular grain consists of two or more crystalline and noncrystalline phases. The observed variability of intra- and inter-grain elemental and phase composition suggests that this biomineralization process is not constrained by biological factors but instead results from thermodynamically and kinetically controlled reactions. This study illustrates the potential of laterally resolved X-ray synchrotron radiation techniques (µXRD and µXANES) to study biomineralization and metal immobilization processes in plants.Key words: biomineralization, detoxification, micro-XANES, micro-XRD. </P>
Baryon acoustic oscillations in the Ly<i>α</i>forest of BOSS DR11 quasars
Delubac, Timothé,e,Bautista, Julian E.,Busca, Nicolá,s G.,Rich, James,Kirkby, David,Bailey, Stephen,Font-Ribera, Andreu,Slosar, Ane,e,Lee, Khee-Gan,Pieri, Matthew M.,Hamilton, Jean-Ch Springer-Verlag 2015 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.574 No.-
Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing Across Tumors from 8, 705 Patients
Kahles, André,Lehmann, Kjong-Van,Toussaint, Nora C.,Hü,ser, Matthias,Stark, Stefan G.,Sachsenberg, Timo,Stegle, Oliver,Kohlbacher, Oliver,Sander, Chris,Rä,tsch, Gunnar Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2018 Cancer cell Vol.34 No.2
Non-linear MHD modelling of edge localized modes dynamics in KSTAR
Bé,coulet, M.,Kim, M.,Yun, G.,Pamela, S.,Morales, J.,Garbet, X.,Huijsmans, G.T.A.,Passeron, C.,Fé,vrier, O.,Hoelzl, M.,Lessig, A.,Orain, F. IOP 2017 Nuclear fusion. Fusion nucléaire. &n.Illiga Vol.57 No.11
<P>The explanation of the existence of the rotating MHD modes in the pedestal region before Type I edge localized mode (ELM) crash and in the inter-ELM periods (ELM precursors) observed in KSTAR is provided for the first time in the present paper. The dynamics of ELMs, observed using electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) in KSTAR tokamak, is compared to the modelling results of the non-linear reduced resistive MHD code JOREK. The realistic KSTAR pulse parameters and geometry including X-point and scrape off layer (SOL) were used. The full ELM crash modelling was performed using JOREK code for single and multi-harmonic representation and in multi-cycles ELMy regimes including relevant flows. The most unstable toroidal modes numbers (<I>n</I> = 5–8), velocity (~5 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> for <I>n</I> = 8 mode) and the direction of the mode rotation were reproduced in modelling. The two fluid diamagnetic effects and toroidal rotations included in the model were found to be the most important factors in explaining the experimentally observed rotation of the ballooning modes before the ELM crash and in the inter-ELM phase. In multi-harmonic multi-cycle simulations the spectrum of temperature fluctuations is similar to the experimental one in the inter-ELM phase, where several rotating modes with medium <I>n</I> numbers were detected in 5–30 kHz frequency range. The rotating modes can contain single or several harmonics which last from 0.2 ms to few ms in time, and can appear and disappear in the inter ELM period or persist until a new ELM crash.</P>