A molecular orbital study of hydrogen superoxide

Furlong, Leroy R Catholic University of America Press 1959 국내석사

Banking structure and the theory of economic regulation

Furlong, Frederick Thomas University of California 1978 해외박사

DIODE-LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY APPLIED FOR THE ACTIVE CONTROL OF COMBUSTION (TEMPERATURE, WATER VAPOR)

FURLONG, EDWARD RANDALL STANFORD UNIVERSITY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Adaptive control strategies which utilize the unique measurement capabilities afforded by diodelaser absorption sensors were developed to measure and control the gas temperature and the water-vapor concentration in various atmospheric-pressure combustors. The wavelengths of two distributed feedback (DFB) InGaAsP diode lasers were current-tuned at 10-kHz rates across H₂O transitions near 1343 nm (ν₁+ν₃ band) and 1392 nm (2ν₁, ν₁+ν₃ bands) to record spectrally-resolved absorption lineshapes. The path-averaged rotational temperature was inferred from the ratio of peak spectral absorption coefficients. The water mole fraction (X_H2O) was then determined from the inferred temperature and the measured absorbance. A closed-loop feedback system was developed to monitor and control the gas temperature of the burned gases in a flat-flame burner. The control system was capable of maintaining the gas temperature to within 1% of the desired value for various set points, with an actuator-limited settling time below 30 ms. The combustion control system was then applied to adaptively control the magnitude and frequency of naturally occurring temperature fluctuations in a ducted burner by oscillating the fuel flow acoustically, reducing these oscillations by 73%. Adaptive strategies were developed to monitor and control X_H2O and the magnitude of forced temperature oscillations (T_rms values) in the combustion region of 5-kW and 50-kW acoustically-forced dump combustors. The feedback system optimized the measured T_rms values in the combustion region by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the fuel forcing, resulting in a rapid increase in the extent of reaction from an uncontrolled level of 47% to 85% in <math> <f> ∼</f> </math>100 ms. The extent of reaction was further increased to 97% by adjusting the actuator power using a secondary control effort which maximized the measured X_H2O (in <math> <f> ∼</f> </math>10 sec.). Effective feedback control of T_rms substantially reduced the measured CO, C₂H₂, and C₂H₄ concentrations in the exhaust. The successful demonstration of closed-loop control in realistic combustion systems illustrates the potential of diode-laser absorption sensors for improved measurement and control of combustion and other high temperature process streams, particularly for applications that require applications that require remote and non-intrusive monitoring.

Number cognition and cooperation

Furlong, Ellen Elizabeth The Ohio State University 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Cooperation is adaptive for humans and animals; however, some cooperative behaviors are more common than others. Mutualisms, in which organisms gain benefits during cooperation, are more common than reciprocity, in which organisms alternate roles as donors and receivers of benefits over time. Reciprocity involves more complex cognitive skills than mutualisms, requiring organisms interact repeatedly, remember past interactions, take future ones into consideration, and compare costs and benefits of cooperative behavior. Relations among costs and benefits define reciprocity, such that if costs decrease or benefits increase, a reciprocal dilemma can become a mutualism. It was traditionally assumed a prisoner's dilemma could be converted to a mutualism by changing ratios of costs and benefits, and that linear-transformations preserving ratios (e.g., increasing or decreasing costs and benefits by orders of magnitude) should not lead to changes in cooperation. This supposition assumes that costs and benefits are represented in the brain as they exist in reality---that subjective quantities increase linearly with objective quantities. However, evidence across evolution and development suggests that linear representations of quantities are accessible through experience and development to human adults, and that young children and animals represent quantities logarithmically---that is, differences among small quantities are over-estimated and differences among large quantities are compressed. Because logarithms do not preserve ratio information, linear transformations may lead objective reciprocal dilemmas to be experienced as mutualisms. This hypothesis successfully made five predictions about the effect of linear transformations on cooperative behavior. First, linear transformations of parameters led to more cooperative behavior in adults engaged in the prisoner's dilemma game, a task of reciprocal cooperation (Experiment 1). Second, logarithmically-scaled ratios of costs and benefits better predicted cooperative behavior than linearly-scaled ratios (Experiment 2). Third, linear transformations had a smaller effect on cooperation in populations with access to linear representations (adult humans, Experiment 3) than populations relying on logarithmic representations (human children; Experiment 4). Fourth, linear transformations in the prisoner's dilemma led to similar cooperative behavior as in a mutualism task (Experiments 5 and 6). Last, solitary organisms failing to meet the social cognitive requirements to engage in reciprocity (orangutans) show cooperative behavior in a linearly transformed dilemma. Together these findings show that cooperative behavior depends not on objective relations between costs and benefits, but on subjective, logarithmically-scaled relations.

On the lower frequencies: Listening and African American expressive culture

Furlonge, Nicole Leta Brittingham University of Pennsylvania 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In the most influential and foundational texts in contemporary African American and Black Feminist literary studies, music and vernacular forms function as the locus of an authentic black cultural identity. Despite the audible culture that permeates this field, very little attention has been given to the role of listening in interpretive work. Seeking at once to argue and to account for an emphasis on audition in African American and Black Feminist literary and cultural studies, this dissertation examines the possibilities and difficulties of listening as a cultural, intellectual, and political practice. It argues most fundamentally that listening is a process---a critical and artistic practice that changes given the pressures various historical, cultural, social, political, or technological moments can bring to bear. This study foregrounds an act of listening that is self-aware and intentional, thereby allowing for an exploration of how aural practices have generated particularly useful and sometimes limiting notions of black racial identity over time. This dissertation argues that it is listening's ability to make audible otherwise inaudible aspects of black culture and to test and critique prevailing assumptions in cultural theory that make it at once important and political. Methodologically, this study draws on African American, Black Feminist, and Feminist critical approaches, reader-response and Reception Studies, as well as Complexity Theory and the emerging field of Sound Studies as a way to explain how sound and listening culturally and materially mediate notions of difference. It combines analysis of literary texts with discussions of sound recordings, historical testimony, and photographs. This material in turn provides a foundation for examining how and why listening matters so profoundly in select African American literary texts. Ultimately, in isolating listening and listening culture, this dissertation aims towards a more precise understanding of the connections and conflicts between perceptions of sound and ideas about racialized, gendered and classed bodies.

Retention factors of Black faculty at a predominantly White university campus: A qualitative comparative study of Black and White faculty turnover factors

Furlong, Sumita Ghosh The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study was part of a larger effort to understand factors that lead to faculty attrition and retention on predominantly White university campus with the specific purpose of generating a grounded theory on retention factors that affect Black faculty more than their White counterparts in predominantly White university campus. To reach this goal, the study explored and compared feedback from eight Black and eight White faculty members from the University of Wisconsin-Madison through in-depth personal interviews regarding factors that influence their job change decisions. The investigation yielded a grounded theory confirming the existence of retention factors that affect Black faculty more than White faculty. These were identified as positive and supportive collegial and departmental relations; inclusive and friendly work environment; absence of alienation and isolation; opportunities for special projects and program development; and strong reputation of the institution, department or program of employment. Qualitative research was utilized as the mode of inquiry. This approach facilitated a rich understanding of the study phenomenon from the perspective of its internal stakeholders; allowed the generation of a grounded theory; and facilitated an inductive study through the use of modified inductive analysis for data collection and analysis. The study employed multi-source data collection with constant comparative, single site, multi-participant, case-study approach. This study aimed to add to the body of research in the area of Black and White faculty attrition and retention factors and aid institutional administrators, planners, policy makers, academic departments and other stakeholders of campus community to successfully recruit and retain Black faculty at a predominantly White university campus.

The Godforsaken Slave: Black Doubt and the Problem of Evil in American Antislavery Literature, 1760-1865

Furlong, Ryan David ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

I, most broadly, set out in this dissertation to interrogate the tight-knit relationships between American antislavery literature—from the late 1820s until the Civil War—and its intense preoccupation with the problem of evil and black doubt. I am keenly interested in a literary topos and rhetorical stratagem of the antislavery movement, and yet also, a historical reality, too, within antebellum America: the godforsaken slave. But what, then, is the godforsaken slave? Antebellum slaves—either as historical, real-life persons or fictional creations within the antislavery imagination—who doubted in, skeptically questioned, or summarily rejected belief in an all-loving, all-powerful God given the immense suffering and pain slavery wrought. This was the theological “problem of evil” godforsaken slaves wrestled with: 1) if God was all-good, all-knowing, and always just, and 2) if God was all-powerful, then3) why does he allow suffering and pain to exist (e.g. slavery)? Doubts, quite naturally, festered.However, as recent historical scholarship has shown, widespread cultural anxieties and fears over religious doubt, skepticism, agnosticism, infidelity, and atheism threatened not only the survival of churches and the salvation of souls, but also the fate of the nation in antebellum America. Antislavery writers capitalized on this by dramatizing godforsaken slaves as they suffered under the existential weight of the problem of evil and slavery, and thus, sparked religiously-anxious audiences to feel for, and stand with, the spiritually-troubled slave either to mitigate slavery or abolish it completely. I trace out the broadest contours of this fictional topos and historical phenomenon as the antislavery movement picked up steam in the late 1820s and early 1830s. Up until the Civil War, many antislavery novelists, short story writers, poets, songsters, autobiographers, orators, preachers, illustrators, columnists, prose writers, and more made the godforsaken slave soar to new popular heights as it dramatized slaves’ lowest of existential lows in order to not only advocate for bodily freedom, but also spiritual liberation.Since the early nineteenth century, racial and religious stereotypes of pious slaves or naturally religious blacks have hidden from view the feelings of intense doubt, skepticism, or even atheism many of these fictional black representations or real-life, historical slaves articulated in their antislavery sentiments. Most scholars and critics across the humanities and social sciences have thus assumed these less-than-pious sides of slave faith had little or nothing to do with pre-twentieth century black (literary) America or African American religious history. Some recent studies have even attempted to correct this picture by reading these doubts and skepticisms as evidence of a black “secularization” thesis: in short, as the West modernizes, it inevitably and ineluctably secularizes. However, the godforsaken slave—in reality or by representation—was neither evidence of the pious slave’s spiritual certitude or eternal hope, nor proof of (black) secularization in its infancy, but something quite different: antebellum slaves caught within the existential throes of faith in the early stages of nineteenth-century “secularization,” and part of a postsecular argument by American antislavery writers to thwart slavery’s faith-decimating, soul-crushing, and desacralizing nature by redeeming black faith and saving slave souls through attacking slavery or abolishing it altogether.This, then, sets up my overall thesis: in a word, the representations (and real-life experiences) of the godforsaken slave, in its 1) historical existence prior to the Civil War, was 2)an existentially raw and authoritative voice for protesting the soul-crushing and faith-shattering institution of slavery; by the mid-nineteenth century, the trope’s theological and historical 3)evolutions and malleable character had led to its substantial growth in existential intensity, as its4) interracial and justice-minded politics from both black and white antislavery writers called for an end to slavery’s injustices by appealing to slave doubts in, and skepticism towards, God’s divine justice as a horror in itself within an antebellum culture increasingly worried over the presence of doubt, skepticism, atheism, deism, and other non-Christian beliefs. I, ultimately, read the godforsaken slave as a 5) post secular argument for resurrecting black faith and liberating slave souls from spiritual bondage in, and through, dramatized scenes of, ironically, slave doubt and skepticism that appealed to far deeper religious motivations for the antislavery cause in audiences’ souls than secular Enlightenment ideals or human freedom could ever reach.I weave this five-fold argument in and out of each of the forthcoming chapters, which are organized around distinct antislavery genres. Chapter one is my extended introductory chapter used to carefully historicize, robustly theorize, and properly conceptualize the godforsaken slave before understanding its importance in the history of the American antislavery movement. Chapter two, then, examines the emergence of the godforsaken slave as a political argument within antislavery prose at the very inception of the antislavery movement in the late 1820s and1830s. Chapter three focuses on the “spoken-and-heard” nature of the godforsaken slave as antislavery poets, songsters, and orators attempted to humanize slaves through doubt-ridden and soul-harrowing sounds. Chapter four turns to the antebellum slave narrative as a particularly rich genre for exploring how former slaves told stories of spiritual liberation—not just pleas for black freedom—through both scenes of faithful and faithless slaves trapped within godforsaken distress. At last, chapter five reveals how antislavery fiction in the 1850s and early 1860sdramatized the godforsaken slave by taking it to new lengths, literally, and new heights, emotionally, rhetorically, and aesthetically, after the wild success of Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. In the epilogue, I finish with how the godforsaken slave helped to register the radical divisions within Civil War America, and what it might augur for a post-slavery, post-war nation.

Banking structure and the theory of economic regulation

Furlong, Frederick Thomas University microfilms international 1978 국내박사

International portfolio diversification : economic gains and equilibrium yield relationship

Eun, Cheol S UMI 1981 해외박사