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Theory, markedness and second language syntax: the case of resumptive pronouns in relative clauses
Fred R. Eckman 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1
Eckman, Fred R. 2004. Optimality Theory, markedness and second language syntax: the case of resumptive pronouns in relative clauses. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 10.1. 89-110. This paper proposes a constraint-based analysis for what is arguably the most interest-ing phenomenon in second language (L2) syntax, the occurrence of an L2 error pattern where the regularity cannot be explained in terms of either transfer from the learner's native language or input from the target language. The case in point for this paper involves the occurrence of resumptive pronouns in the relative clauses of learners of Swedish as a second language. It is argued that the systematicity of the learners' errors can be explained by independently-motivated assumptions of Optimality Theory. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee)
Contrast and hypercontrast in interlanguage
Fred R,Eckman,Gregory k,Iverson 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.2
Eckman, Fred R. and Gregory K. Iverson. 2000. Contrast and Hypercontrast in Interlanguage. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.2, 213-247. We report on an experimental study investigating a well-known, yet seemingly intractable, problem in L2 pronunciation, namely, the splitting of native language(NL) allo phones into separate target Ianguage (TL) phonemes. The results indicate that Iearners who were trained to contrast the relevant sounds in morphologically complex words generalized the contrast to morphologically-simple words. However, learners who were taught to make the contrast in morphologically simple words did not generalize this contrast to morphologically composite environments. Moreover, among speakers who already showed productive control of the contrast in actual words: perfonnance on nonce words revealed a pattern of overgeneralization, or hypercorrection, which was characteristic of neither the NL nor the TL. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee)
Proposal of a Model for Elastic-Plastic Fracture Analysis
Smith Fred W.,李圭用 釜山水産大學校 1984 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.1
크랙을 가진 靭性이 큰 材料의 破壞開始는 크랙先端의 大變形으로 인한 大塑性域을 形成하기 때문에 線形的으로는 解析할 수 없는 彈塑性 問題가 된다. 이와 같이 大變形을 수반하는 彈塑性 破壞解析을 위하여 fracture process zone에서의 變形量이 有限한 값을 가진다는 가정과 變形理論 및 크랙 平面에서의 平衡을 利用하여 理論的인 破壞모델인 크랙 平面 平衡 모델을 提示하였으며, 이 모델은 高溫 破壞解析에도 適用될 수 있음을 나타내었다.
Fred Kwame Ofosu,Fazle Elahi,Ramachandran Chelliah,Deog-Hwan Oh 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
This study provides insight on how different thermal treatment and lactic acid bacteria fermentation influenced sorghum metabolite, their potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Wet cooking (H95) and pressurized cooking (H121) improved the antioxidant capacity compared to raw sample. Fermentation of wet cooked samples (H95F) and pressurized cooked samples (H121F) further enhanced the ABTS and DPPH antioxidant capacity by 2.4 and 2.0 times; and 1.5 and 1.8 times higher than raw samples, espectively. Pediococcus acidilactici OHFR1 fermentation of sorghum M20 genotype after wet cooking at 60 °C, 80 °C and 95 °C decreased α-glucosidase inhibition to 39.1%, 40.55 and 46.4%, respectively, relative to non-fermented sample (51.6%). However, α-glucosidase inhibition was significantly enhanced to 70.1% after pressurized cooking and fermentation. Overall, 28 metabolites including phenolic compounds, amino acids and their derivatives, peptides and microbial metabolites were identified in M20 sorghum using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS non-targeted approach after treatments. Therefore, processed sorghum could be used as functional ingredients in diabetes management.
Fred Chuma Sitati,Madadi Moses Obimbo,Peter Gichangi 대한골대사학회 2021 대한골대사학회지 Vol.28 No.1
Background: Assessing people’s knowledge and beliefs about osteoporosis is fundamental to the formulation of preventive strategies for this condition. To our knowledge, no randomized community survey has been conducted using Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz (FOOQ) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) exclusively in the postmenopausal women in Kenya. This study aimed to assess postmenopausal women's knowledge and beliefs concerning osteoporosis in semirural Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving face-to-face interviews with 254 African postmenopausal women was conducted between October 2017 and February 2018. The questionnaire explored the socio-demographic characteristics; FOOQ was used to evaluate the knowledge these women had about osteoporosis, while OHBS was used to assess their beliefs. Results: The mean age of the participants was 64.6±10.7 years. About 26.4% (67/254) of the participants had no formal education, while 3.1% (8/254) were in formal employment. About 54.3% (138/254) of the women were married, and 51.2% (130/254) were in the lowest and lower wealth quintile. FOOQ had a mean score of 8.6 (standard deviation±1.8; range, 0-17). OHBS revealed a low level of perceived susceptibility to osteoporosis. Perceived benefits of exercising and calcium intake as well as perceived seriousness of osteoporosis as a disease were at moderate levels. The level of health motivation was also moderate. Conclusions: The women in this study demonstrated limited knowledge about osteoporosis. The low susceptibility score makes the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in this population challenging. We recommend public health education for all postmenopausal women in this setting.
Challenges and Opportunities in Area Studies Programs
Fred L Blair 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2001 영미연구 Vol.7 No.-
Area Studies offer students new opportunities to complement their study of foreign language by gaining knowledge and understanding of the culture where the language is spoken. In the era of globalization it is essential that people be able to effectively interact with people From different cultures, This paper explores the nature of what cultural literacy is and what students need to know about a different culture. It stresses that one should be familiar with a culture's myths, proverbs and idioms as basic fundamental knowledge. The remaining disciplines such as history, politics. economics and sociology are taught by the existing departments of the college and special care has to be taken that the curriculum of Area Studies doesn't overlap or be redundant with already offered courses. Area Studies learning methods go beyond traditional classroom lectures. Students have to be directly involved in their learning by analyzing source material directly from the target culture. They must see themselves as cultural beings inter-acting with people who given the same set of circumstances think and make judgments entirely different than their own Opportunities to study abroad must be guided in such a manner that the encounters in the target cultures are recorded and create a database for analysis upon return home. Students will be equipped to canyon their ethrographic and analytical skills into their future lives and be able to effectively communicate and conduct business in foreign environments without the impediments that result from misunderstanding people from other cultures.