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Franking, Ryan,Kim, Heesuk,Chambers, Scott A.,Mangham, Andrew N.,Hamers, Robert J. American Chemical Society 2012 Langmuir Vol.28 No.33
<P>The UV-induced photochemical grafting of terminal alkenes has emerged as a versatile way to form molecular layers on semiconductor surfaces. Recent studies have shown that grafting reactions can be initiated by photoelectron emission into the reactant liquid as well as by excitation across the semiconductor band gap, but the relative importance of these two processes is expected to depend on the nature of the semiconductors, the reactant alkene and the excitation wavelength. Here we report a study of the wavelength-dependent photochemical grafting of alkenes onto single-crystal TiO<SUB>2</SUB> samples. Trifluoroacetamide-protected 10-aminododec-1-ene (TFAAD), 10-<I>N</I>-BOC-aminodec-1-ene (t-BOC), and 1-dodecene were used as model alkenes. On rutile (110), photons with energy above the band gap but below the expected work function are not effective at inducing grafting, while photons with energy sufficient to induce electronic transitions from the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Fermi level to electronic acceptor states of the reactant molecules induce grafting. A comparison of rutile (110), rutile (001), anatase (001), and anatase (101) samples shows slightly enhanced grafting for rutile but no difference between crystal faces for a given crystal phase. Hydroxylation of the surface increases the reaction rate by lowering the work function and thereby facilitating photoelectron ejection into the adjacent alkene. These results demonstrate that photoelectron emission is the dominant mechanism responsible for grafting when using short-wavelength (∼254 nm) light and suggest that photoemission events beginning on mid-gap states may play a crucial role.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2012/langd5.2012.28.issue-33/la302169k/production/images/medium/la-2012-02169k_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la302169k'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Frank C. Onwuka,Osaro Erhabor,M.U. Eteng,I.B. Umoh 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral dietary supplementation with ginger on cadmium-induced toxic effects on biochemical, hematological, and pathophysiological indices of albino rats. The effect of cadmium and cadmium/ginger treatment on lipid peroxidation was measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testes and kidney; serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzyme were investigated alongside hematological indices. The results showed that cadmium induces a significant increase in both testicular and kidney MDA, whereas cadmium/ginger treatment produced a significant reversal of the effect of lipid peroxidation (P=.004). Cadmium treatment induced 75%, 78%, and 22% increases in activities of ACP, PAP, and ALP, respectively, whereas the cadmium/ginger-treated group reversed these values for enzyme activities (P=.001). Results of organ weight and hematological indices analysis in the cadmium-treated rats showed a decrease in organ weight and distortion of the hemopoietic features, whereas the cadmium/ginger-treated rats showed an improvement in organ weight and hematological indices (P=.04 and .001, respectively). The reversal of the toxic effects of cadmium in the cadmium/ginger-treated albino rats heralds the antioxidant potency of ginger toward cadmium toxicity-associated oxidative stress.
Federal Funds Rate Changes: A Test of Market Efficiency
Frank W. Bacon,Charles E. McMillan KINFORMS 2007 Management Review Vol.2 No.2
This study tested the effect of two federal funds rate increase and two federal funds rate decrease announcements on stock price performance. Using standard risk adjusted event study methodology with the market model, the study analyzed 22,444 recent observations for the four event study periods from the thirty DOW firms with total market capitalization of three and one-half trillion dollars and the S&P 500 Index to examine the impact of the federal funds rate change announcements on stock price. Results show a significant negative market reaction prior to the announcements of both increases and decreases in the change in the federal funds rate. This suggests the market associates possible economic instability with any Federal Reserve intervention and views this discretionary monetary policy action as a negative signal. This is consistent with Milton Friedman’s monetarist theory stating that Keynesian discretionary monetary policy creates rather than corrects economic instability. Findings support efficient market theory at the semi-strong form level as documented by Fama (1970). Similar too many other event study findings in the finance literature (stock splits, repurchases, dividend announcements and etc.), effects of trading activity on the basis of the anticipated announcement surfaced prior to it being made public.
Disease Detection on Tomato Leaves and Rate of Spread Analysis Using Image Processing Techniques
( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Waqas Qasim ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Fawad Khan ),( Jo Jihoon Park ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2
Cultivating crops using greenhouse technology is an advancement in food production. One major challenge is the early detection of diseases and its spread rate. Detecting diseases in plants accurately and timely can help mitigate much losses in food production in greenhouse. Also the survival of most disease infection on plants is influenced by the bio - environmental factors that affects the plants. However the impact of this influence of bioenvironmental factors on the plants are not well known. The aim of this research was to develop algorithms to detect diseases in tomatoes leaves, and to analyze the effect of variations in the bioenvironmental conditions on disease spread rate using image processing technique in Mat lab 2017Ra software. The tomato plants under research were subjected to two main bioenvironmental conditions; temperature and relative humidity. All other conditions remained constant. Images of the leaves were taken with a point grey camera for diseases detection for about 64 days. The images were first preprocessed, segmented to determine the diseased areas. Segmentation was done using K- means clustering and features were extracted for training and classification. SVM were used to train and classify the images.The results shows that diseases were first detected on the 7<sup>th</sup> day after transplanting. On the 10<sup>th</sup> day, diseases were found on all the plants. The highest temperature and humidity were 15.8°C and 66rH respectively whiles the lowest were recorded at -2°C and 18rH respectively. It was concluded that disease spread rate was high in low temperature and high humidity conditions. Also the instability of the bioenvironmental conditions may have effect on the disease spread rate on the plant leaves.
Dry Metal Forming: Definition, Chances and Challenges
Frank Vollertsen,Florian Schmidt 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.1 No.1
In metal forming, lubricants are still used to prevent corrosion, to reduce friction, wear and tool load as well as to protect the workpieces and intermediates. In economic and ecological points of view, the challenge is the avoidance of lubricant usage. Within this article we define the term of dry metal forming, a technology which contributes an approach to establish green technology in mass production. Regarding this, the benefits of this technology are shown. Three different approaches exist to achieve a dry forming process: ceramic tools, self-lubricating coating systems and hard material coatings. Concerning this matter, the state of research in dry metal forming is reviewed within this paper.
A Wind Turbine Fault Detection Approach Based on Cluster Analysis and Frequent Pattern Mining
( Frank Elijorde ),( Sungho Kim ),( Jaewan Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.2
Wind energy has proven its viability by the emergence of countless wind turbines around the world which greatly contribute to the increased electrical generating capacity of wind farm operators. These infrastructures are usually deployed in not easily accessible areas; therefore, maintenance routines should be based on a well-guided decision so as to minimize cost. To aid operators prior to the maintenance process, a condition monitoring system should be able to accurately reflect the actual state of the wind turbine and its major components in order to execute specific preventive measures using as little resources as possible. In this paper, we propose a fault detection approach which combines cluster analysis and frequent pattern mining to accurately reflect the deteriorating condition of a wind turbine and to indicate the components that need attention. Using SCADA data, we extracted operational status patterns and developed a rule repository for monitoring wind turbine systems. Results show that the proposed scheme is able to detect the deteriorating condition of a wind turbine as well as to explicitly identify faulty components.
Adaptability and Fatalism as Southeast Asian Cultural Traits
( Frank Dhont ) 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.2
This paper will concentrate on how various particular Southeast Asian conditions created a distinct Southeast Asian cultural identity despite a very challenging geographical and historical diversity in the region. The paper will argue that Southeast Asians demonstrate an ability to adapt to changes and new values but also exhibit fatalism through a very high degree of passive acceptance to political and other changes that affect their society. The paper identifies a degree of environmental and geographical uniqueness in Southeast Asia that shapes context and gives rise to very distinct cultural traits. The historical transformation in the region brought about by colonialism and nationalism, combined with this geographical and political make-up of the region, had an immense impact on Southeast Asian society as it fostered adaptability. Finally, the political transitions brought about by various conflicts and wars that continued to affect the area in rapid succession all throughout the 20<sup>th</sup> century likewise contributed immensely to a local Southeast Asian fatalistic response towards change. Historically, Southeast Asia demonstrated these socio-cultural responses to such an extent that these are argued to permeate the region forming a distinct aspect of Southeast Asian culture.