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Yansi Foong(Yansi Foong ),Shelby Browning(Shelby Browning ),Jeffrey Seay(Jeffrey Seay ) 적정기술학회 2022 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.8 No.3
Combating the environmental crisis caused by mismanaged plastic waste is a global challenge, especially in developing regions due to a lack of recycling availability and waste management infrastructure. One way communities can combat this challenge is by using the process of slow pyrolysis to convert plastic waste into liquid cooking fuel. Using this fuel in cookstoves can help combat the public health issue caused by breathing in smoke from a cooking fire. Open fire cooking remains a common means of cooking in the developing world, and long-term exposure to smoke can lead to chronic lung and eye health problems. The burden of these health problems falls disproportionately on women. Our hypothesis is that switching from wood fire cooking to using stoves fueled by liquid fuel produced from waste plastic will have a positive impact on indoor air pollution, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. To test this hypothesis, a series of experiments to measure particulate emissions, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were conducted. Cookstoves similar to those used in households in developing countries were used when conducting experiments. The results of these experiments indicated that polyfuel produces less particulate than fire wood, with an average PM2.5 of 7.7 μg/ m3 compared with fire wood which had a PM2.5 of 325.6 μg/m3. Polyfuel also produces no sulfur dioxide emissions. Kerosene, which is a traditional cooking fuel in much of the world, produced sulfur dioxide emissions of 5.2 ppm under the experimental conditions. If implemented globally, the results of this research suggest that converting plastic waste into cooking fuel can not only reduce the amount of plastic waste entering the ecosystem but can also combat the global public health problems caused by open fire cooking.
CT and MRI Cardiac Imaging in Singapore: A Historical Context
Foong Koon Cheah 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.3
In Singapore, the development and progression of cardiac imaging mirrors that in many other parts of the world. The interventional radiologists of the 1970s and 1980s could perform coronary angiography but the rise of cardiologists with the requisite clinical and technical skills meant radiologists were gradually concentrating their skills in the non-cardiac arena.
Daphne Foong,Meena Mikhael,Jerry Zhou,Ali Zarrouk,Xiaodong Liu,Jan Schröder,Jose M Polo,Vincent Ho,Michael D O’Connor 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.2
Background/AimsInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are specialized gastrointestinal (GI) pacemaker cells required for normal GI motility. Dysfunctions in ICC have been reported in patients with GI motility disorders, such as gastroparesis, who exhibit debilitating symptoms and greatly reduced quality of life. While the proteins, calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1) and the receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), are known to be expressed by human ICC, relatively little is known about the broad molecular circuitry underpinning human ICC functions. The present study therefore investigates the transcriptome and proteome of ANO1-expressing, KITlow/CD45–/CD11B– ICC obtained from primary human gastric tissue. MethodsExcess human gastric tissue resections were obtained from sleeve gastrectomy patients. ICC were purified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACSorting). Then, ICC were characterized by using immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. ResultsCompared to unsorted cells, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed the KITlow/CD45–/CD11B– ICC had: a 9-fold (P < 0.05) increase in ANO1 expression; unchanged KIT expression; and reduced expression for genes associated with hematopoietic cells (CD68, > 10-fold, P < 0.001) and smooth muscle cells (DES, > 4-fold, P < 0.05). RNA-sequencing and gene ontology analyses of the KITlow/CD45–/CD11B– cells revealed a transcriptional profile consistent with ICC function. Similarly, mass spectrometry analyses of the KITlow/CD45–/CD11B– cells presented a proteomic profile consistent with ICC activities. STRING-based protein interaction analyses using the RNA-sequencing and proteomic datasets predicted protein networks consistent with ICC-associated pacemaker activity and ion transport. ConclusionThese new and complementary datasets provide a valuable molecular framework for further understanding how ICC pacemaker activity regulates smooth muscle contraction in both normal GI tissue and GI motility disorders.
Stress and damping of wide cantilever beams under free vibration
Faruq Muhammad Foong,Thein Chung Ket,Ooi Beng Lee,Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.1
Research has shown that the damping of a vibrating structure is highly dependent on its stress function. In this study, the bending stress and damping of wide cantilever beams under free vibration were analyzed using the classical plate and beam theory. The damping stress equation for cantilever beams under free vibration was derived based on the empirical function of unit dissipating energy, whereas the plate bending equation was derived using the double finite integral transform method. The bending stress and damping ratio results from the beam and the plate theory were compared with simulation results from finite element analysis (FEA) for different length-to-width ratios. Results show that the plate theory displayed a good agreement with FEA results in terms of estimated value and trending curve shape when a significantly large number of terms were used. Using a small number of terms resulted in large errors at high length-towidth ratios, but provided sufficient estimates when the length-to-width ratio dropped below four. It was found that the beam theory was only valid for beams with very high length-to-width ratios or square plates. Beyond this ratio, the beam theory recorded a higher error estimate than the plate theory. Overall, the most accurate stress and damping estimations come from the use of plate theory with a very high number of terms.
An Adaptive Digital DC-DC Converter based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Huey Chian Foong,Meng Tong Tan,Yuanjin Zheng 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
This paper presents the design of an adaptive optimal controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for digital DC-DC converters. The proposed PSO controller adopts integral square error (ITSE) of the output voltage as the fitness function. The algorithm is implemented in CMOS 0.18 ㎛ process. It achieves an optimal response within 20 iterations and in the time of 1 ms.
Slope stability analysis using black widow optimization hybridized with artificial neural network
Loke Kok Foong,Huanlong Hu,Mesut Gör,Hossein Moayedi,Abdolreza Osouli 국제구조공학회 2022 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.29 No.4
A novel metaheuristic search method, namely black widow optimization (BWO) is employed to increase the accuracy of slope stability analysis. The BWO is a recently-developed optimizer that supervises the training of an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the factor of safety (FOS) of a single-layer cohesive soil slope. The designed slope bears a loaded foundation in different distances from the crest. A sensitivity analysis is conducted based on the number of active individuals in the BWO algorithm, and it was shown that the best performance is acquired for the population size of 40. Evaluation of the results revealed that the capability of the ANN was significantly enhanced by applying the BWO. In this sense, the learning root mean square error fell down by 23.34%. Also, the correlation between the testing data rose from 0.9573 to 0.9737. Therefore, the postposed BWO-ANN can be promisingly used for the early prediction of FOS in real-world projects.
Choi Yee Foong,Mohd Syahir Anwar Hamzah,SAIFUL IZWAN ABD RAZAK,Syafiqah Saidin,Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.2
Dry bacterial cellulose nanofiber (BC) sheet coated with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was developed and characterized towards acute wound healing applications. This new approach of PLA coating on BC revealed enhanced physical and antibacterial properties. Commercial BC sheets originated from the manufacturing of nata de coco jelly were dried and coated with the PLA at various concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % w/v for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties and followed by loading of antiseptic such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC). PLA has been proposed for the use of coating materials at a concentration of 8 %, the biocomposite sheet started exhibiting a low moisture uptake, prolonged swelling in simulated wound fluid solution and high tear (9.17 Nm2/kg) and burst indices (32.5 kPa·m2/g). The 8 % PLA coating revealed porous fiber-like morphology as observed under scanning electron microscope. Therapeutic loading capacity of the BC/8 PLA was substantially higher than the pristine BC. Furthermore strong antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureaus and Escherichia coli were observed for the BC/8PLA biocomposite film. These reports were clearly suggestive of the fact that synthetic biodegradable polymers, such as PLA, may be exploited for the synergistic combination with BC for antimicrobial and acute wound management. This new and modified fiber source material could reduce the dependency on plant based cellulose for more demanding biomedical applications such as wound healing materials, vascular graft, cartilage replacement, drug delivery and tissue engineering.