Public Debt and Economic Growth Nexus in Malaysia: An ARDL Approach

Foo Tzen YOONG,Abdul Rahman Abdul LATIP,Nur Azura SANUSI,Suhal KUSAIRI 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

The aim of this study is to find out the time-series nexus of public debt and economic growth in Malaysia. For an upper-middle income country, Malaysia had experienced over 50% ratio of debt to GDP since 2009 until now. The question arises is whether this trend is healthy to the economy. With a focus into the debt-to-GDP ratio from 1970-2015, this study investigates the short-run and long-run relationship between public debt and economic growth in Malaysia. This study used secondary data by collecting time-series data (1970-2015) from the World Bank Data and Bank Negara Malaysia. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is applied in this study to examine the relationship between debt and economic growth. Based on ARDL framework, it shows that there is a long-run effect between the debt and economic growth in Malaysia. While the significance value of Error Correction Term shows that there is a long-run adjustment in the short run. Generally, this study found government expenditures, in the long run, strongly influence the GDP per capita. Through the findings, the government expenditures could increase the GDP per capita. The study also reveals that any increment of the debt ratio will result in reduction of the GDP per capita.

FACTORS INFLUENCING PURCHASING SOURCE DECISION

Foo Nin Ho,Seonsu Lee 한국동북아학회 1996 한국동북아논총 Vol.1 No.2

System Identification and Control of the Broken River

Foo, Mathias,Su Ki Ooi,Weyer, Erik Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2014 IEEE transactions on control systems technology Vol. No.

<P>In this paper, control system designs are proposed for the Broken River in Victoria, Australia. The aim of the control system is to improve water resource management and operation for the benefit of irrigators and the environment. Both centralized and decentralized control schemes are considered. The decentralized scheme consists of a number of PI and I controllers, while the centralized scheme is a model predictive controller. The controllers are designed based on simple models obtained using system identification methods. In a realistic simulation scenario, the control systems compared very favorably with current manual operation offering increased operational flexibility with a significant potential for substantial water savings, improved level of service to irrigators, and improved environmental benefits.</P>

English in Singapore - a lingua franca and a language for international commiinicatioii - efforts in maintaining both fimctkms

( Foo Chee Jan ) 숭실대학교 인문과학연구소 1996 인문학연구 Vol.26 No.-

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Advantages and limitations

Foo Cheong Ng,Wai Loon Yam,Tze Ying Benjamin Lim,Jin Kiat Teo,Kok Kit Ng,Sey Kiat Lim 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.5

Purpose: The use of ultrasound in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has not been shown to translate to better clinical and stone outcomes. To compare the operative outcomes, postoperative outcomes and complication rates of ultrasound-guided access PCNL (USGA-PCNL) versus fluoroscopy-guided access PCNL (FGA-PCNL). Materials and Methods: A total of 184 consecutive patients who underwent PCNL from July 2008 to September 2014 were identified from our PCNL database. Seventy-two patients underwent USGA-PCNL and 112 FGA-PCNL. Results: The patients were similar in age, sex, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, mean largest stone diameters, side of PCNL, number of stones and the degree of hydronephrosis between both groups. There were higher rates of upper pole (5.6% vs. 3.6%), mid pole (8.3% vs. 2.7%) and multiple pole punctures (4.2% vs. 0%) in USGA-PCNL compared to FGA-PCNL (p=0.027). There was no difference in the stone free rates of both groups in univariate analysis. Those who had FGA-PCNL were 2.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.09–4.75; p=0.029) times more likely to require a second-look procedure compared to USGA-PCNL on univariate analysis but not on multivariate analysis. There were no differences in Clavien-Dindo complications. No patient in the USGA-PCNL group experienced organ injuries during puncture compared to 1 patient in the FGA-PCNL group who had pneumothorax requiring urgent chest tube insertion. Conclusions: The use of ultrasonography to guide access puncture during PCNL eliminates the risk of inadvertent organ injuries. Similar operative and stone outcomes show that the learning curve for USGA is minimal compared to conventional FGA.

Wide Speed Direct Torque and Flux Controlled IPM Synchronous Motor Drive Using a Combined Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer and HF Signal Injection

Foo, Gilbert,Rahman, M.F. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2009 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.9 No.4

This paper proposes a new speed sensorless direct torque and flux controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive. Closed-loop control of both the torque and stator flux linkage are achieved by using two proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The reference voltage vectors are generated by a SVM unit. The drive uses an adaptive sliding mode observer for joint stator flux and rotor speed estimation. Global asymptotic stability of the observer is achieved via Lyapunov analysis. At low speeds, the observer is combined with the high frequency signal injection technique for stable operation down to standstill. Hence, the sensorless drive is capable of exhibiting high dynamic and steady-state performances over a wide speed range. The operating range of the direct torque and flux controlled (DTFC) drive is extended into the high speed region by incorporating field weakening. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Using EASY framework to facilitate economics students’ critical thinking in asynchronous online discussions

Foo, Soon Yen 서울대학교 교육연구소 2021 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.22 No.4

Critical thinking (CT) is a 21st century skill that is essential for students to develop for the future workforce. One way that has found success in facilitating CT in students is asynchronous online discussions (AODs); however, the research does not refect the impact of this medium specifcally in the context of Economics education. This study therefore aims to investigate whether incorporating AODs in an Economics classroom using the Expressing, Asking, Summarising and Yielding (EASY) framework is efective at fostering CT in high school students. A case study approach was adopted in the current study. The fndings reveal that the improvement in the students’ CT abilities could be a result of the use of the EASY framework (as a scafold) to shift students’ thinking from lower to higher levels. Nevertheless, the improvement in students’ thinking levels as shown in AODs may not be representative of all participants’ ability to consistently think at a high level across the four AODs. Based on the fndings of this study, implications and suggestions for future research have been discussed.

The Depressed Patient : Effective Intervention

Foo, Tsoi Wing Medical Publications Korea 1985 Medical Progress Vol.7 No.10

WHEN CONSUMER KNOWLEDGE IS POWER: DETERMINANTS OF LUXURY MATURITY STAGES

Foo-Nin Ho,Jared Wong 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11

While many marketing researchers conceptualize the binary split between luxury and non-luxury consumers, this paper takes the more refined approach of the heterogenization of the luxury consumer segment by exploring the progressive stages of luxury consumer maturity, reflected by diverging luxury consumption behavior. An argument for a progression of maturity is presented here in terms of making purchases of well-known luxury brands (e.g., Louis Vuitton or Prada) versus more obscure luxury brands (e.g., Marni or Ann Demeulemeester). As brands continue to be acquired by conglomerates (e.g. LVMH, Kering Group, Richemont, etc.), a perspective from luxury holding companies was a logical starting point. In each holding company’s portfolio, brands represent different positions, with the well-known brands occupying the flagship positions within the conglomerate. These brands capitalize on overt usage of branding and logo (which we term as Stage 1 brands). More obscure companies within the major conglomerates or independent fashion houses tend to rely less on branding and have a greater focus on savoir faire and technical applications of material and cut, requiring a higher degree of fashion knowledge (termed here as Stage 3 brands). Stage 2 brands represent the cohort of fashion houses that exist as non-flagship brands within the context of a larger conglomerate. To categorize each participant based on their shopping patterns, we calculate a metric termed here as a “maturity ratio” that falls between 1 and 3 and is used to assign each consumer to a stage. Therefore, we put forth the following hypotheses: Fashion knowledge is the mediating variable that drives progression of consumer maturity. That is, the higher a consumer’s knowledge about fashion, the more mature and discriminating the consumer’s tastes and shopping patterns will be [H1]. Materialism works to encourage consumers to learn more about fashion and therefore have higher fashion knowledge [H2]. A high consumer need-for-uniqueness (CNFU) will lead consumers to learn more about fashion in order to discover ways to stand out from the norm [H3]. Consumers who are self-conscious will have high fashion knowledge due to the pressures of social anxiety to have a socially acceptable outward appearance [H4].

Multi-Agent System for Optimization of Microgrids

Foo Y.S. Eddy,Gooi H.B 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Microgrids are low voltage networks usually located at the consumer end of the distribution system. It typically consists of consumer loads, energy storage and small generation systems and is capable of islanding to protect itself against grid supply interruption. With the increased awareness of clean energy power systems, renewable technologies such as solar PV, wind turbines and fuel cells are gradually emerging within the power system network, and control and management for these equipment are necessary to ensure the stable operation of microgrids. However, existing centralized control systems are unable to handle the large number of renewable components and thus, a decentralized control scheme called Multi-Agent System (MAS) is introduced to manage these components. The implementation of distributed control will include JADE as the platform for agent communications as well as developing customizable agents for specific microgrid requirements such as ancillary services, power trading and negotiation and network security.