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        Stability of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles in exposure media and their effects on the development of embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio)

        박광식,George Tuttle,Federico Sinche,Stacey L. Harper 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.1

        The stability of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) and the embryonic developmental toxicitywere evaluated in the fish test water. Serious aggregation ofAgNPs was observed in undiluted fish water (DM-100) inwhich high concentration of ionic salts exist. However,AgNPs were found to be stable for 7 days in DM-10,prepared by diluting the original fish water (DM-100) withdeionized water to 10 %. The normal physiology of zebrafishembryos were evaluated in DM-10 to see if DM-10can be used as a control vehicle for the embryonic fishtoxicity test. As results, DM-10 without AgNPs did notinduce any significant adverse effects on embryonicdevelopment of zebrafish determined by mortality, hatching,malformations and heart rate. When embryonic toxicityof AgNPs was tested in both DM-10 and in DM-100,AgNPs showed higher toxicity in DM-10 than in DM-100. This means that the big-sized aggregates of AgNPs werelow toxic compared to the nano-sized AgNPs. AgNPsinduced delayed hatching, decreased heart rate, pericardialedema, and embryo death. Accumulation of AgNPs in theembryo bodies was also observed. Based on this study,citrate-capped AgNPs are not aggregated in DM-10 and itcan be used as a control vehicle in the toxicity test of fishembryonic development.

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