Korean students' motivation to pursue higher education in the United States

이벤희 ProQuest LLC 2017 국내박사

Geographical indications : a great opportunity to foster trade and development under the transatlantic trade and investment partnership and the trips agreement : the case of Belizean bananas

Bores-Lazo, Jesus ProQuest LLC 2017 국내박사

A HISTORY OF THE CENTER FOR NEW MUSIC AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, 1966-1991 (IOWA, MUSIC PERFORMANCE)

FARLEY, BARBARA C. PHILLIPS The University Of Iowa 1991 국내박사

Transnational determinants of military doctrine (Germany, Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, Israel)

Farley, Robert M University of Washington 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

Military doctrine forms an important component of military organization, and military organizations learn doctrine from one another by engaging in collaboration. Through collaboration, they share tacit knowledge, which is necessary to the development and execution of military doctrine. An organization's doctrine will more closely resemble that of its collaborators than that of its enemies. This dissertation demonstrates the importance of collaboration between military organizations in the case of the Reichswehr and the Red Army between 1921 and 1941, the United States Navy and the Royal Navy between 1914 and 1945, and the Israeli Defense Force and the United States Army between 1948 and 2001.

Development of fatigue models for copper traces on printed wiring assemblies under quasi-static cyclic mechanical bending

Farley, Daniel M University of Maryland, College Park 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigates the fatigue durability of copper (Cu) traces on printed wiring assemblies (PWAs) under quasi-static cyclic mechanical flexure, using experimental results from a set of three-point bending fatigue tests, finite element (FE) modeling of the stresses generated during the cyclic bending tests, and response surfaces (RS) to facilitate iterative assessment of the model constants. Cyclic three-point bend tests were conducted on land grid array (LGA) components during this investigation. Failure analysis revealed the fatigue failure sites to be in the Cu traces, at the outer edge of the foot-print of the solder joint. A three-dimensional, elastic-plastic FE model simulating the event (based on a global and local modeling strategy) was used to determine the stresses and strains occurring at the failure site during the cyclic loading. Parametric studies were conducted to examine the influence of elastic-plastic constitutive behavior on the stress and strain states at the failure site. Results of the parametric studies were captured in compact meta-models, using polynomial response surfaces. The durability data was collected from the experiment and used in conjunction with these models, to develop a set of compatible constitutive and fatigue model constants that best fit the behavior observed. Since the loading was not fully reversed, a mean stress correction factor was needed. Existing correction methods, such as the modified Morrow model, were found to be deficient for tensile means stresses, due to high mean stresses predicted by classical constitutive models. A new correction model was proposed, based on a "tanh" term, which forced a saturation of the mean stress effect at higher stress levels for tensile means stresses. This saturation effect was also considered for compressive loading, termed the BCS model ("B" for "bounded" effect of the mean stresses), and compared with the standard unbounded model, termed the UCS model. A detailed iterative methodology was developed to iterate the Cu elastic-plastic constitutive model constants as well as the cyclic fatigue model constants needed to satisfy the observed durability behavior. This iterative model was based on the average strain values in cross section of the trace, at the failure site. The resulting fatigue model constants were termed the "averaged fatigue constants (AFCs). To further improve on the fatigue constants, the fatigue damage initiation and propagation behavior were considered separately, using a continuum damage mechanics method termed the successive initiation method. In this phase of the study, the constitutive model constants were those determined from the AFC model. This method uses an incremental damage growth concept rather than a classical fracture propagation concept, since there is distributed damage observed in the experiment. The resulting fatigue constants were termed the incremental fatigue constants (IFCs). Finally, the validity of the modeling approach and the developed AFC and IFC model constants are explored, using results from a published case study of four-point cyclic bend tests of leadless chip resistors (LCRs). The model appears to predict the results reasonably well.

Identified Teaching Strategies of Academic Language in Foreground Programming

Farley, Shamel Fordham University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

This study investigated how creators utilize academic language in the form of Tier Two and Tier Three words in four foreground programs. Foreground programs are televised programs especially made for younger audiences. I analyzed the language presented in four shows recommended for preschool children: (1) WallyKazam, (2) Tumble Leaf, (3) Doc McStuffins, and (4) Peg Plus Cat. Data in the study was triangulated through the use of the following: (a) tally notes, (b) transcripts, and (c) annotated notes. The data revealed the complexities of language present in the programs. Data showed that the show's producers embed academic language in each episode. Target words were introduced and followed up through several repeated experiences in Tumble Leaf and WallyKazam. Other examples of Tier Two and Tier Three words were simply introduced through conversations in Doc McStuffins and Peg Plus Cat. Language in the programs showed significance, connections and sign systems of knowledge according to Gee's seven building tasks of discourse analysis. Based on my findings, the shows' producers relied heavily on introducing, restating the vocabulary and providing time for the characters to discuss the words' meaning through their conversations and actions. The findings of my study indicated that foreground programs provide preschoolers with various tiers of language repeatedly.

Wild Roots: Ginseng, Conservation, and Nature in the Appalachian South

Farley, Katherine Washington University in St. Louis ProQuest Disser 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a medicinal plant native to eastern North America. Though the plant has a history of Indigenous use, wild American ginseng roots have been commercially harvested, primarily for export to east Asia, since the 18th century. There is a long history of harvesting ginseng in Appalachia as a source of supplementary income, as living-wage jobs in the region have historically been scarce. Today, harvesters can make hundreds of dollars per pound of dried, wild-harvested American ginseng roots. However, ginseng populations in the wild today are thought to be substantially smaller than their historical peak, which may be due to the impacts of overharvesting. Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial that can take ten or more years to reach reproductive maturity, so it is thought to be particularly vulnerable to disturbances such as harvesting. Conservationists note that poor Appalachian ginseng harvesters frequently break rules intended to protect ginseng and suggest that ginseng decline is primarily due to irresponsible harvesting practices and a willingness to overlook environmental impact for short-term gain. This dissertation argues instead that many ginseng diggers adhere to a rural, working-class environmentalism that emphasizes sustainable resource use, which is frequently overlooked by mainstream environmentalists who emphasize "pristine," "untouched" wilderness. This dissertation explores the tension between these two environmentalisms through three specific conflicts related to ginseng harvesting and conservation: illegal ginseng harvesting, planting farmed ginseng seeds in the wild, and growing "wild-simulated" ginseng in habitats crafted to mimic the wild. I show that many poor Appalachian ginseng harvesters care deeply about the health of their local environment and take steps to protect it, and suggest that declining ginseng populations are due to a combination of other factors, including habitat loss, herbivore overpopulation, and a minority of ginseng harvesters who do use unsustainable practices. I conclude with a brief overview of recommendations for landowners and policymakers based on my research that are intended to increase wild ginseng populations as well as benefit the people who rely on ginseng income.

Catalytic Reductive Carbene and Vinylidene Transfer Reactions

Farley, Conner M Purdue University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Carbenes are reactive organic intermediates comprised of a neutral, divalent carbon atom. The reactivity of carbenes is often orthogonal to polar functional groups (nucleophiles and electrophiles), making them valuable intermediates for organic synthesis. For example, carbenes can engage in cheletropic reactions with olefins to form cyclopropane rings or undergo insertions into weak element-hydrogen bonds. The most established strategy for accessing carbene intermediates is through a redox-neutral decomposition of diazoalkanes to form a transient M=CR2species. Over the course of nearly a half-century of development, many instrumental synthetic methods have emerged that operate on this basis. Despite the combined utility of these methods, the scope of catalytic carbene transfer reactions remains largely constrained by the inherent instability of the starting materials. Diazoalkanes often require electron-withdrawing groups to provide stability through resonance effects.Contrary to redox-neutral methods, reductive carbene transfer reactions utilize non-stabilized 1,1-dihaloalkanes as carbene precursors. The Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation reaction represents the most documented example of this class, and remains today as the most practical method for parent methylene (:CH2) transfer. Nevertheless, reductive carbene transfer processes have proven to be remarkably resistant to catalysis. Our group is interested in developing first-row transition metal catalysts which can initiate an oxidative addition into 1,1-dihaloalkanes, followed by a two-electron reduction with an outer-sphere reductant to provide access to a M=CR2intermediate for carbene transfer.The application of this mechanistic hypothesis toward reductive methylene transfer using CH2Cl2as the carbene source and a Ni catalyst is outlined in chapter one. The discovery of an unexpected cyclooligomerization of methylene carbenes is discussed. Mechanistic studies are presented, which are consistent with a pathway in which carbenes are iteratively inserted into an expanding metallacycle. In chapter two, the corresponding activation of 1,1-dichloroalkenes for vinylidene transfer in [5+1]-cycloadditions with vinylcyclopropanes is outlined. Finally, in the third and final chapter, organic reactions catalyzed by complexes which feature metal-metal bonds are reviewed.

Characterizing the Sources and Atmospheric Processing of Ambient Particulate Matter Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Farley, Ryan University of California, Davis ProQuest Dissertat 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has important implications on air quality, global climate and human health. However, significant uncertainty remains in the chemical and physical transformations of PM during atmospheric transport. Ambient measurements are critical for understanding the sources and processing of the aerosols in order to inform models and public policy. In this work, high-resolution soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SP-AMS) was used during three different field campaigns to obtain real-time measurements of aerosol composition and properties under a variety of different environments to better understand the atmospheric evolution of PM.The first study was conducted at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO), a mountaintop site in the Pacific Northwest, in order to explore the aging of biomass burning (BB) emissions and their effects on the remote troposphere. Despite low aerosol concentrations, oxidized biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) exhibiting extremely low volatility was detected throughout the study. Five wildfire plume events that had undergone between 10 hours and 10 days of atmospheric transport were sampled and a statistically significant loss of OA mass relative to CO was seen, indicating the removal of OA during long range transport. The results from this field study were also integrated with observations from the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP) campaign, which characterized fresh wildfire emissions to provide a detailed depiction of the evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol over its atmospheric lifetime.The second study took place in Fresno, a highly polluted city in the San Joaquin Valley of California impacted by residential wood burning emissions. Here, the SP-AMS was operated in a configuration to selectively measure only black carbon (BC) containing soot particles. A persistent, multiday fog event was used as a case study to examine the aqueous-phase processing of the soot aerosol within fog droplets. Fog processing resulted in a substantial increase in BC coating thickness due to the accumulation of ammonium nitrate and secondary OA formed in the aqueous phase. Reactions occurring in cloud and fog droplets were found to play a key role on the amount and composition of coating material present on black carbon aerosol.Finally, a SP-AMS was operated during the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) in Houston, TX in order to explore the sources of soot particles and their effects on cloud properties. Both ensemble and single particle spectra were collected in order to directly characterize the black carbon mixing state. K-means clustering analysis of the single particle measurements revealed diverse and highly variable soot particle compositions with coating-to-mass ratios spanning between 0.1 and 100. The coating material was generally hygroscopic, including oxidized OA and sulfate, suggesting that these particles may act as effective CCN.

The relative effects of processing instruction and meaning-based output instruction on L2 acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive

Farley, Andrew Prather University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

The present experiment has investigated the relative effects of one type of input-based instruction and one type of output-based instruction on L2 acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive. Specifically, the research design examined whether processing instruction (PI) and meaning-based output instruction (MOI) would bring about improved performance on sentence-level tasks involving the interpretation and production of the Spanish subjunctive of doubt. The results reveal that both instruction types brought about improved performance on the assessment tasks, and the performance of both treatment groups was statistically similar in every respect. These results differ from those of previous research that has compared processing instruction with traditional output-based instruction (VanPatten and Cadierno, 1993, Cadierno, 1995, Cheng, 1995). PI does not appear to have been more beneficial to learners than the output-oriented group. MOI is unlike traditional output-based instruction in that it does not carry a mechanical component. In addition, MOI provides incidental input to learners that is focused on the target item. These issues are discussed as the most plausible explanations for the results that differ from previous research.