16세기 畿湖士林派의 형성과 그 문학적 지향

禹應順 한국한문학회 2003 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.31

본고는 사림파의 내적 분화와 그 변모 양상에 주목하면서 16세기 기호사림파의 형성과 문학적 지향을 밝힌 것이다. 사림파는 거듭된 사화로 큰 타격을 입었으나 성장을 지속하여, 중종대에 이르러는 畿湖地方의 지식인들이 다시 정계에 진출하게 된다. 조광조를 중심으로 한 기호사림파는 경제적 현실 대응 태도를 지녔으며, 문학에서도 비분강개한 정조의 작품을 남겼다. 16세기 기호사림파는 공통된 학문적 지향, 정치적 견해를 지녔던 동류 집단으로 이들은 일관되게 훈구파의 사장적 경향을 반대하면서 화려한 수사보다는 내용의 진실성을 추구하였다. 이들이 표방했던 우국애민의 열정, 기묘사화 후의 비분강개한 기풍은 영남사림파가 지향했던 온유돈후의 미의식과는 일정한 편차가 있었다. 이들은 좌절과 비분의 정서를 우의적 기법을 통해 형상화하였고, 생활윤리를 교육, 보급하고자 하는 의도에서 교훈적 작품을 남기기도 하였다. This paper's aim is to bring light on the appearance of Gi-ho-sa-lim and their literary intention in 16th century, watching the internal division of Sa-llm(士林) and their change. Although repeated Sa-hwa(士禍) and political defeat Sa-lim increased their latent political power continually. In King Jung-jong(中宗)‘s reign, the intellectual in Gi-ho(畿湖) territory entered into politics. Gi-ho-sa-lim and their leader Jo, Kwang-jo(趙光祖) placed emphasis on Kyeong-se(經世, the statecraft) and they created some literary works that contained their sorrowful indignation over the injustice. Gi-ho-sa-lim in 16th century had common scholastic intention and common political views. Their literary intention was the political criticism which was based on the negative understanding of the situation. They expressed social trend and political situation. They revealed the public indignation and the deep emotion against the immorality by various literary techniques. They were opposite to the inclination toward literature itself of Hun-gu(勳舊) and pursued the reality of the contents. Their doctrines - passion of U-kuk-ae-min(憂國愛民), patriotism and affection toward the plebeian) and Bi-bun-gang-gae(悲憤慷慨) sorrowful indignation over the injustice) after Gi-myo-sa-hwa(己卯士禍) - were different from the aesthetic consciousness of Yeong-nam-sa-lim(嶺南士林), On-yu-don-hu(溫柔敦厚) mildness and sincerity). They expressed their political break and indignation by allegorical technique and often created some instructional works in order to educate the plebian.

공황장애 환자에서 약물 치료와 심박동수 변이(Heart Rate Variability)의 관련성

우종민,김응석,윤혜영,최영희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate relation between 6 weeks pharmacotherapy and the alteration of autonomic nervous system in patient with panic disorder. Methods : The subjects were patients (n=44) who met DSM-IV criteha for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. They were measured Anxiety Disorder Inventory Schedule-Panic attack & agoraphobia (ADIS-P & A), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HAM-D), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and heart rate Vahability (HRV) before and after 6 weeks pharmacotherapy. We prescribed paroxetine primahly and benzodiazepine (clonazepam, alprazolam) in case needed. For analysis, we performed paired sample t-test, partial correlation, stepwise multiple regression. Results : After 6 weeks pharmacotherapy, a assessed clinical inventories significant improved. In HRV, patients showed stabilized sympathetic activity (LF, Normalized LF, 1og_LF), increased parasympathetic activity (Normalized HF). There were significant correlation between symptom improvement with parasympathetic components and symptom aggravation with sympathetic components. Multiple regression analysis showed that Normalized HF and TP were best explanatory variables of symptom improvement. Conclusion : This study suggests that 6 weeks pharmacotherapy is related to the alteration of autonomic nervous system and clinical improvement.

생체신호 측정 및 데이트 수집 장치의 개발

우응제,박승훈 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1994 건국의과학학술지 Vol.4 No.-

We have developed biological signal measurement modules and PC-based data acquisition system. Biological signals included in this system are ECG, EEG, EMG, invasive blood pressure, respiration, and temperature. Parameters of each module can be controlled by PC through a data acquisition and control card. The data acquisition and control card can collect up to 16 channels of biological signals with sampling rate of 50~10,000Hz and 12-bit resolution. All measurement modules and data acquisition functions are controlled by microcontroller which receives commands from PC. All data transfers among PC, microcontroller, and ADC are done through a shared RAM access by polling method for real time operation. This system is being used in KKU BME Medical Instrumentation Laboratory in research areas such as ECG interpretation, high-resolution ECG, polysomnography, long-term monitoring of biological signals, design of intelligent alarm system, etc.

古時調 詩語 시소러스 개발

우응순,권순회,한창훈 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2002 民族文化硏究 Vol.37 No.-

본 논문의 목표는 고시조의 정보 처리를 위한 방법론을 탐구하고, 실제 정보 검색에 쓰일 수 있는 <古詩調 詩語 시소러스>를 개발하여 한국학 문헌 자료의 정보화 및 그 활용을 극대화하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 기초 방법론 연구를 수행하고 이에 기반하여 디스크립터 2,000항목 규모의 시소러스를 구축하였다. 먼저 기초 방법론 연구에서는 시소러스의 목표 및 적용 대상의 범위, 용어간의 관계 정의, 고시조 용어 분류·코드 체계 설계를 수행하였다. 시소러스 구축의 목표는 전문적인 고시조 자료 검색에 유용한 학술용 시소러스 구축에 두고 고전시가 전반으로의 확장성을 고려하였다. 적용 대상의 범위는 15세기부터 20세기 초까지 창작된 고시조 원문 텍스트 및 여기에 부수된 서지, 작가, 서발, 음악 정보로 규정하였다. 용어간의 관계 정의에서는 국제표준화기구 기술위원회(ISO/TC)의 '단일언어 시소러스 제정 및 개발 지침(ISO 2788)'을 기준으로 고시조의 특성을 반영하여 등가 관계, 계층 관계, 연관 관계에 대한 개념을 규정 하였다. 이에 근거하여 디스크립터(우선어) 및 비우선어 선정의 원칙, 상위어 및 하위어, 관련어 선정의 원칙을 제시하였다. 용어 분류 체계는 계층형 시소러스의 기본 구조라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 ①문학 관련 시소러스의 특징에 맞게 이미지나 관념 등을 효율적으로 분류할 수 있는 체계를 마련하고, ②개념형 분류 체계(Ontology)를 중심으로 고시조 전문 연구자들의 관심과 지식 체계를 반영함으로써 전공자 수준의 이용가치를 증대시키고, ③고시조 어휘의 분야별·영역별 분류방식의 표준적 준거로 활용할 수 있으며, ④고전 문학이나 한국학 일반의 시소러스와의 호환성을 고려하여 고시조 용어분류 체계를 설계하였다. 먼저 개념형 분류 체계 방식에 의거하여 대분류 항목을 '1. 時間', '2. 空間', '3. 人物', '4. 事物', '5. 觀念', '6. 事件', '7. 言語'로 구분하고, 고시조의 주제적 특성을 반영하여 중분류 및 소분류 항목을 설정하였다. 그리하여 최종적으로 82개의 하위노드를 가진 <고시조 용어분류·코드>를 설계하였다. 이상과 같은 기초 연구를 기반으로 2,000항목 규모의 시소러스를 구축하였다. 데이터베이스로 구축된 고시조 5,180수 및 주요 가집 13종에 수록된 7,183수(중출 작품 포함)를 대상으로 어절 단위의어휘를 추출한 후, 이를 기반으로 기초 어휘를 수집하고 유의어 및 동의어를 군집화하였다. 이어 동음이의어나 동형이의어, 복합어 등에 대한 어휘 통제를 거쳐 시소러스의 기반이 되는 어휘데이터베이스(Lexical DB)를 구축하였다. 이를 기반으로 우선 지시형 시소러스와 계층형 시소러스를 구축하였다. 우선어(USE) 선정은 동의어 가운데 통용성이 가장 높다고 판단되고, 언어적 인지도 및 활용성 면에서 다른 것보다 우월하며, 의미 표현이 고시조 분야의 의미로 한정될 수 있는 것을 우선적으로 선택하였다. 또한 어휘 통제 및 검증을 필수적으로 거친 용어를 우선하였다. 한편 관계형 시소러스는 극히 제한된 범위에서 실험적으로 구현하였다. 비우선어(UF)의 경우 고시조가 가창된 특성을 반영하여 訛字를 포함한 모든 이형 표기를 포함하였다. 유사동의어는 사안에 따라 비우선어로 처리하였다. 상위어(BT)와 하위어(NT)는 고시조 어휘의 범위하에서 선정하고 다중 계층 관계를 설정하지 않았다. 따라서 상위어는 1개로 한정하였다. 한편 관계형 시소러스는 극히 제한된 범위에서 실험적으로 구축되었다. This paper aims at seeking after a methodology to process information in classic Shijo and magnifying the informationalization and application of the philological data in Korean Studies by developing a thesaurus of poetic dictions. For this, I carried out a basic study of the methodology and constructed a thesaurus of 2,000 item size on the basis of this. First of all, in the study of basic methodology, I embodied the purpose and the application range of objects, the definition of the relation between terms, the classification of classic Shijo terms and the design of the code system. The purpose lies in construction of thesaurus which could be useful in searching classic Shijo data for the professional and includes the possibility to be extended to the whole of classic poems and songs. The application range of objects is restricted to the original texts which were created between the 15th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and additional information as bibliography, author, prefaces and postscripts, and music. The definition of the relation between terms includes equivalence relation, hierarchical relation and associative relation following 'Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri(ISO 2788)' and considering the characteristics of classic Shijo. And on the basis of this, I suggested a principle of selecting descriptors(preferred terms) and non-descriptors, and a principle of selecting hypernyms, hyponyms and related terms. A classificational system of terms can also be regarded as a basic structure of hierarchical thesauri. In this reserch, it is designed ①to provide a system for efficient classification of images and concepts, which is adequate to the characteristics of the literature related thesaurus, ②to amplify the utility value to the speciality level, by mirroring the interests and knowledge system of the professional classic Shijo researchers, and ③to be applied as a standard of methods in classifying vocabularies of classic Shijo by fields or domains. While dong this, I also considered the convertibility of it into classic literature or Korean Studies. Firstly I distinguished seven major classes, i.e. 1. TIME, 2. SPACE, 3. HUMAN, 4. THING, 5. NOTION, 6. EVENT, 7. SPEECH according to the method of ontology, and then separated middle and lower ones mirroring thematic characteristics of classic Shijo. Thus, I produced <Table of term classification and codes in classic Shijo> in the end. The 2000 item thesaurus I mentioned above was constructed observing the criteria in this table. After extracting word unit vocabulary from 5,180 classic Shijos which were constructed in the database and 7,183 which were in 13 major song books(including overlaps), collected basic vocabulary from them and grouped synonyms including pseudo-synonyms. Then, I constructed a leical DB controlling homophones, homographs and compunds. On the basis of this result, I constructed an indexed thesaurus and a hierarchical thesaurus. The selecting of USE was carried out considering the height of currency, the degree of linguistic recognition, the applicative superiority and the domain specificity in classic Shijo. In addition, the vocabulary passed lexical control and evaluation were preferred. UF includes all the allomorphs including even wrong characters. Pseudo-synonyms were treated as UF, case by case. BT and NT were selected within the domain of classic Shijo and I did not give them any hierarchy. So, BT was restricted to one item. On the other hand, I gave body to a relational thesaurus experimentally within a small amount limit.

올림픽 이념의 교육적 의의 : Coubertin 을 중심으로

박현우,정웅근 師範大學 體育硏究所 1992 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.13 No.2

Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts standen Materialismus, Animalismus und Nationalismus im Zentrum der europaischen Gesellschaft. Diese fuhrten das Geistesleben aller Menschen zum Chaos der Lebenswelt. Coubertin(1863∼1937) wollte diese Problem nicht Kurzsichtig, sondern langfristig uberwinden, indem eine revolutionare Padagogik durch sportliche Tatigkeit und Spiele angeboten werden sollte. Padagogische Probleme fuhrten endgultig zur Aufgabe der Aufgabe der Erziehung und Bildung besonders im Hinblick auf die Menschenwerdung zuruck. Neuhumanisten des 18./19. Jahrhunderts bestimmten den Menschen als Wesen der Krafte bilden kann, und zugleich als ein aktives,ein bildsames Wesen(Meinberg, 1984:55). Fur Humboldt ist es der hochste Zweck des Menschen, sich zu bilden(Humboldt, 1964:8). Hier ist es sehr klar, daß die Menschen aus sich selbst heraus und durch andere Krafte bilden Konnen. Erziehung erscheint in diesem Kontext als ein weg der Menschenbildung, weil das Kernproblem der Erziehung die Bildung verschiedener Kraften im Hinblick auf die Menschwerdung ist. Wenn die Menschwerdung von der proportionallen und harmonischen Entwicklung aller Kraften abhangig ist, kann eine wichtige Aufgabe in der Erziehung das sein, wodurch fur diese Entwicklung hochste Effektivtat erreicht werden kann. Coubertin wollte durch seine Padagogik, d.h durch die Olympische Idee und sportliche Tatigkeit, einheitliche Bildung aller Krafte gestalten. Fur ihn dient die sportliche Erziehung folgenden Aspekten: 1. durch die Gesunderhaltung und Fordenung des Geistigen dem Bilden des Leib-Seele-Einheit des Menschen. 2. durch den Konkurrenzgeist der Selbstbeherrschung, der Egalitat, der Gerechtigkeit ung dem besten Konnen. 3. durch das moralische Prinzip der Befolgung der Regeln,der Regeln, der Rechten, und der Praxis der Menschenliebe. 4. durch den asthetischen Kunstsinn der Selbstbestimmung der individuellen Moralitat, der Verschonerung,der Umgebung und hingblicklich auf den asthetischen Schutz des Naturschutzes. Der einheitlichen Bildung aller Krafte, die durch sportliche Erziehung gebildet werden konnen,d.h korperliche, geitige, moralische, asthetische Kraft, entspricht genau die olympische Idee und die Grundlage der Padagogik Coubertins. Wir mussen noch einmal ernst an den Sinn der sportlichen Erziehung denken, die notwendige Faktoren fur Men-schenbildung und-erziehung enthalt.

ITS를 위한 무선 통신 시스템에 관한 연구

남옥우,김재형,김응배 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Highway congestion, traffic-related pollution, and difficulty locating travel destinations are some of the mounting problems facing most Korean drivers on a regular basis. ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) is an integrated system aiming to improve the transportation efficiency of existing road infrastructure, enhance the safety of driving, and save the transportation cost in terms of mitigating the traffic congestion by using advanced information, telecommunication, sensing, and control technologies. In this study, we are intended to assess the properties and application method of wireless communications either existing commercial systems or none existing dedicated wireless systems (e.g., Paging, Wireless Data, Cellular Radio Communication, Personal Communication Systems, and FPLMTS) and provide solutions to select a possible communication method to realize the Intelligent Transportation Systems.

레미콘 폐수 성상특성

신응배,김창우 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1993 공학기술논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Due to increasing construction activities over the last decade or so demands for concrete have been increased at a higher rate. As more ready-mixed concrete plants are operating across the nation more and more wastwaters have been generated and discharged into natural water courses with inadequate treatment facillities posing water pollution problems. These high-alkalinity and high-turbidity laden wastewater may have significant deleterious effects on water quality in natural streams. There exists a need for a comprehensive analysis of wastwater generated as a result of ready-mixed concrete plants operation. This will enable us to understand thoroughly the constituents and its characteristics in wastwater and to design an efficient treatment process system. This paper presents the result of wastewater characteristics analysis and evaluation of the selected industries throughout the country. A comparative evaluation is also performed wherever possible to understand the differences in characteristics between observed and reported data.

요부 변성 후만증에서 Wedged Cage(SynCage^�]를 이용한 전후방 수술적 치료

김응하,김선우 대한척추외과학회 2003 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.10 No.3

TiO₂(Rutile)-H₂O 현탁용액의 유동성질에 미치는 농도 및 온도효과

이철우,한상준,김응렬 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

TiO₂- water 현탁계의 유동성질을 계의 농도와 온도의 변화에 따라 Couette 형회전 점도계를 이용하여 측정하였으며 Ree-Eyring flow equation으로부터 유도된 dilatant flow equation에 적용하여 고찰하였다. Rutile-water 현탁계는 30%wt 이상의 고농도에서는 thixotropy를 나타내고 25%wt 이하의 농도에서는 dilatancy를 나타내었으며 유동에 대한 활성화 에너지는 약 14Kcal/mol정도였다. 본연구에서는 유동성질간의 전이를 한 물질 내에서 구조의 형성과 파괴가 경쟁적으로 일어난다는 견지에서 고찰하였다. Rheological properties of Rutile-water suspension with various conditions of particle concentrations and temperatures. The rheologicl properties were measured using Couette type rotational viscometer. And we calculated flow parameters with applied to BKHR flow equation. Rutile-water suspension shows dilatancy at lower concentration relatively (at below 28%wt.) but at higher concentration(above 30%wt.) thixotropic flow was observed. And the activation energy for flow was about 14Kcal/mol. In this paper we studied this transition in the view point of competitive rate process between structure formation and deformation in the same material.

플라보노이드의 세포 신호전달 조절

이응룡,강근호,강용진,김우열,최혜연,김봉우,정효순,조쌍구 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

Many studies revealed the neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive actions of dietary flavonoids. The plausible mechanistic interpretation of the various effects of flavonoids was concentrated on the anti-oxidant or free radical-scavenging properties of these phytochernicals, both in model systems and under in vivo conditions. While there has been a major focus on the anti-oxidant properties. there is an emerging view that flavonoids and their in vivo metabolites. do not act as conventional hydrogen-donating anti-oxidants. but they may exert regulatory functions in cells through actions at protein kinase or lipid kinase signaling pathways. Flavonoids and more recently their metabolites. have been reported to act at phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI 3-kinase). Akt/protein kinase B(Akt/PKB), protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen activated protein kinase(MAP kinase), and various tyrosine kinases signaling cascades. Inhibitory or stimulatory actions at these pathways are likely to affect cellular function profoundly by altering the phosphorylation state of target molecules and by modulating gene expression. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of action of flavonoids, either as anti-oxidants or modulators of cellular signaling pathways, and the influence of their metabolism on these properties are key to the evaluation of these potent biomolecules as anti-cancer agents, cardio-protectants, and inhibitors of neurodegeneration.