온라인 아동 성착취 근절을 위한 법률개정 방안 : 국제규범과 국내 법령의 비교를 중심으로

정주은,남장현,서지혜 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2020 Ewha Law Review Vol.10 No.-

온라인을 기반으로 한 아동ㆍ청소년에 대한 성착취는 아동ㆍ청소년이 쉽게 유혹되고 어른들에 의하여 발견되는 것이 어렵기 때문에 심각한 피해를 야기한다. 본 연구는 온라인 아동 성착취의 심각성을 인지하고 관련 법령의 개정 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 우선 우리나라의 아동ㆍ청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률 및 형법 등의 법제 및 현황과 문제점을 살펴보았다. 이를 기반으로 UN아동권리협약 및 제2, 제3선택의정서와 UN아동권리위원회의 권고사항 및 특별보고관의 권고, 팔레르모의정서, 란사로테협약 등 국제규범의 내용을 살펴보고, 해당 국제규범과 해외의 입법례 등과 비교하여 현행 국내 법령의 개선방안을 모색하였다. 연구를 통해 현행 국내 법령의 부적절한 용어 개선이 필요하고, 아동 최선의 이익 원칙에 의한 법 해석 및 적용을 해야 하며, 현행 형법을 활용함과 동시에 그루밍 등 새로운 개념에 대하여 법률에 규정해야 함을 발견하였다. 이와 더불어 성착취물 등에 대한 처벌을 확대하고 형량과 양형기준을 개선하여야 할 필요성도 절감하였다. 현재 국회에 계류 중인 법률개정안을 검토하여 해당 법률안에서 주목할 점과 보완할 점에 대하여 설시하였다. 보론으로는 함정수사의 도입과 제3선택의정서 비준의 필요성을 주장하였다. 이에 비추어 볼 때, 최근 일련의 사건 이후 아동ㆍ청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률이 많은 부분에서 긍정적인 방향으로 개정되었지만 보호의 대상인 아동ㆍ청소년에 대한 범죄이므로 더욱 엄중히 처벌해야할 필요필요가 있는바, 국제규범에 따라 아동ㆍ청소년의 성보호를 위한 개정이 더욱 필요함을 시사한다. Online child sexual exploitation leads to serious damage because children and juveniles are easily tempted but it is hard for adults to find the breeding ground for crime. This study was intended to recognize the seriousness of online sexual exploitation for children and juveniles and to propose the law amendment. First of all, we explored the current status and problems of the legislation, such as the Act on the Protection of Sex in children and juveniles and the Criminal Law in the Republic of Korea. We reviewed the contents of international rules such as the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Second and Third Choice Protocol, the recommendations of the U.N. Commission on the Rights of the Child, the recommendations from the CRC and special rapporteur, the Palermo Protocol, the Lanzarote Convention. In accordance with those international rules, we sought the amendment of current domestic law. According to the study, we concluded that the inappropriate terms in the current domestic law should be modified, and the law should be interpreted and applied in accordance with the principle of the best interests of children. Also, new concepts such as ‘grooming’ should be stipulated in the law while utilizing the existing Criminal law. In addition, we were faced with the necessity of expanding punishment for sexual exploitation and improving sentencing guidelines. We reviewed the proposition which was pending in the National Assembly and suggested pros and cons. And then, we complementally argued for the institution of entrapment and the ratification of the Third Choice Protocol.

장르에 따른 dictogloss 활동이 한국 중학생들의 영어 듣기 능력과 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

장은혜,김은주 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2012 교과교육학연구 Vol.16 No.4

영어 듣기 능력 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 여겨져 온 dictogloss 활동이 장르에 따라 어떠한 효과가 있는지에 관한 연구는 매우 부족한 편이다. 본 연구의 목적은 장르에 따른 dictogloss 활동이 한국 중학생의 영어 듣기 능력과 정의적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것에 있다. 이를 위하여 중학생 60명을 대상으로 8주 동안 총 12차시의 dictogloss 활동을 실시하였다. 본 실험 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장르에 따른 dictogloss 활동이 학습자들의 영어 듣기 능력에 미친 영향을 알아본 결과, 이야기체와 서술체 듣기 자료 집단 모두 사전 듣기 평가보다 사후 듣기 평가 점수가 크게 향상되었음을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 이야기체와 서술체 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그렇다면 장르에 따른 dictogloss 활동이 학습자 수준별로 실시되었을 때, 학습자들의 영어 듣기 능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 이야기체와 서술체 듣기 자료의 하위 수준 학습자 모두 dictogloss 활동을 통해 영어 듣기 능력이 유의미한 수준으로 향상되었고, 이는 dictogloss 활동이 하위 수준 학습자의 듣기 능력을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 나타낸다. 또한 장르에 따른 dictogloss 활동이 상향식과 하향식 듣기 이해 과정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아본 결과, 이야기체와 서술체 집단 모두 상향식 듣기 문항 유형의 평균이 하향식 듣기 문항보다 크게 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다. 이야기체 듣기 자료의 경우 상.하위 수준 학습자 모두 상향식 듣기 이해 과정에 유의미한 향상이 있었고, 서술체 듣기 자료의 경우 하위 수준 학습자만 상향식과 하향식 듣기 이해 과정에 유의미한 향상이 있었다. 둘째, 장르에 따른 dictogloss 활동이 학습자들의 정의적 태도에 미친 영향을 알아본 결과, 이야기체와 서술체 모두 사후 태도 점수에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 dictogloss가 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Although dictogloss has been thought to be beneficial in many listening classrooms, the benefits of dictogloss based on different genres have not yet been thoroughly investigated in second language listening research. There is therefore a need for a study aimed at looking into the effects of dictogloss in terms of different genres, and according to the learners’ proficiency levels in listening skills and their attitudes toward dictogloss. A total of 60 Korean middle school students were selected, and they were allocated randomly into two homogeneous groups according to two differing genres: narrative and descriptive. Each group was then subdivided according to their pre-listening test scores: higher-level and lower-level groups. The study was conducted over an eight-week period, excluding one week for training sessions that immediately preceded it. The results were compiled and analyzed quantitatively in order to investigate the effects of dictogloss depending on different genres. In addition, the participants' attitudes toward the dictogloss activity was examined. The findings obtained from the study are twofold. First, both of the groups - narrative and descriptive - benefited from engaging in the dictogloss tasks. No statistically significant differences, however, were found within groups; it can therefore be inferred that dictogloss tasks might help to improve L2 learners' English listening skills regardless of the genre. Varying results, however, were obtained depending on the learners' language proficiency level. Lower-level learners in both groups showed improvements in their post-listening test; this indicates statistically significant differences in listening skills. In addition, the results of the effect of dictogloss activities depending on different genres showed a significant difference with respect to the bottom-up processing. In the case of the narrative genre, there is a statistically significant differences on top-down processing and descriptive genre, only the lower-level group showed differences in bottom-up and top-down processing. Second, the results indicate that the participants' overall attitude toward the dictogloss activities tended toward the positive side of the spectrum with respect to both genres, but there were intergroup differences depending on the participants' proficiency levels. The proposed reason for this is that learning cooperatively may have positively affected both the higher-level group students and the lower-level group students as the higher-level group students took the lead from the front and formed a competitive environment in good faith. Moreover, the lower-level group students established more interest toward group activities, and this induced them to lively engage in the activity as they were able to immediately solve problems by getting feedback from discussion between groups. It is therefore suggested that teachers and researchers should attempt to devise a wider variety of dictogloss activities that are appropriate for learners of different proficiency levels in different contexts to systematically tackle and confirm the validity of this activity.

산 혹은 알칼리 음독시 상부 위장관의 주 손상 부위

장혜영,김성은,정구영,정성애,주미순 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: It is generally known that while alkali ingestion injures principally the esophagus, acid usually spares the esophagus and damages the stomach mainly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the most common site of upper gastrointestinal tract injury in acid/alkali ingestion based on endoscopic findings. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 40 patients who ingested acid/alkali for types and amounts of product ingested, time required to undergo endoscopy, and initial endoscopic findings. Endoscopic lesions were graded according to the criteria suggested by Zagar and were graded at the authors' discretion to compare acid injury and alkali injury. Results: In the acrid ingestion group(n=27), the esophagus injury score was 2.55±1.18, the stomach injury score was 2.62±1.78, and the difference was -0.07±1.13, therefore, no significant difference was present(p=0.939). In the alkali ingestion group(n=10), the esophagus injury score was 1.63 ± 1.50 and the stomach injury score was 2.63 ± 1.20. Stomach injury was significantly more severe than esophageal injury(difference : -1.00± 1.18, p=0.026, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Conclusion: While no difference exists between injuries of the esophagus and the stomach due to acid ingestion, the stomach was the most common site in alkali injury.

역류식 충진탑에서 수력학적인 분석과 이산화탄소의 탈착에 관한 연구

楊善惠,崔東勳,지혜미,金恩貞,金彰昊 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

This study was carried out to interpret hydraulic behavior and CO₂gas desorption in countercurrent packing tower which packed 50 mm plastic Hiflow-ring. The results are as follows: 1. To compare with conventional packing, 50mm Hiflow-ring could save energy because of low pressure drop under high load. 2. As relative error between calculated value and investigated value was less than 6% in the loading point and flooding point we found that we can predict results mathematically which occurres in the packing tower. 3. The unique magnituteds of packing which was used are as follows. C_(L) = 2.1×10^(-4), n = 0.787 so we can predict efficency which occurres.

전산유체역학을 이용한 싸이클론형 전기집진기 고도 설계 연구

이은주,장동순,나혜령,김혜숙 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

A computer program is developed in order to figure out the physical insight of the combined dust removal equipment, that is, cyclonic electrostatic precipitator. The computer program employs Patankar's control-volume based finite-difference method, in which SIMPLEC algorithm is used for the resolution of pressure-linked momentum equation. Further two equation k-ε model is incorperated for Reynolds stresses and many empirical formulae are employed for dust charging and electric resistivity. A series of extensive parametric investigations are performed in terms of tangential velocity(swirl intensity), applied voltage across two electrodes, and particulate diameters, etc. It is found that the electrostatic force gives much more strong effect, expecially for small particulate, on the dust removal than the centrifugal force. Other calculated results are physically acceptable and consistent.

복수과 진료 환자의 중복 처방에 대한 분석 및 평가

이지은,장혜경,오지영,유윤경,김현지,임숙인,연숙희,강진숙,최귀령 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

In an aging society, there is an increasing possibility of the duplication of the drugs given to patients because they take many kinds of drugs. Among the prescriptions given to the patients who was treated at multiple ambulatory clinics in St. Mary's hospital for one month of September, 2002, in which drugs that has identical or similar effects are prescribed, we analysed and evaluated them by patients' characteristics, kinds of medication, severity of side effects on a case by case basis. More, we assessed the potential additional costs. As a result of this study, the duplication rate turned out to be 6.69% and it was shown that the proportion of the elderly patients over 60 was high. The gastro-intestinal medications took up a large part and most of the cases showed that the danger caused by double taking of medicine was slight, but there were some examples in which the serious side effects were predicted. Expected additional costs were the average 11.349 won and it ranges from the minimum of 56 won to the maximum of 135,720 won. In conclusion, the management of drug histories of the patients who need the plural treatments is very important and the necessity of the individual and professional guidance of taking medicines for the elderly patients is emerged, too.

KS H ISO 1242 표준의 평가 : 라반딘 정유의 산값 측정

전혜림,이은지,장혜진,손현화,김건,김남선,전명숙,이동선 서울여자대학교 2010 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.22 No.-

The acid value (AV) as well as the ester value of essential oil is an important index to evaluate quality of essential oil. The official standard analytical method of KS H ISO 1242 dealing with “Essential oils - Determination of acid value” was assessed experimentally using two lavandin essential oils obtained in France as an example. One French lavandin oil sample showed the results of AV= 0.9 by both indicator method and potentiometry. Another sample showed AV = 1.9 by indicator method and AV = 1.6 by potentiometry. Latter lavandin oil sample exhibited significantly higher acid value than maximum value of 1 described in the standard. This result suggests that latter lavandin oil was contaminated, because this oil was contained in an orange juice bottle. Results of this study proved that KS H ISO 1242 could be used as a suitable scientific standard for the determination of acid value of essential oils.

숙명박물관 브랜드 프로모션을 위한 통합적 브랜드 개발 -2D, 3D, 4D 디자인 프로세스를 중심으로-

길혜경,김보현,오정은,이서연,이지원,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 여성생활사 중심의 유물 박물관인 숙명박물관의 인지도와 브랜딩의 문제를 해결하기 위해 브랜드·스페이스·마케팅을 활용한 통합 브랜드 개발 프로세스를 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 아울러 본 연구는 박물관의 브랜드를 프로모션하고 그래픽, 제품, 공간의 통합 브랜드를 구축하는 일련의 프로세스를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구의 시간적 범위는 2017년 3월부터 6월까지 총 15주간 숙명여대 환경디자인학과 <브랜드·스페이스·마케팅>수업에서 진행된 수업의 결과물로서 4개 팀 중, 1개 팀의 작업물로 한다. 본 연구의 대상적 범위는 ‘숙명여자대학교 숙명박물관'의 2D~4D까지의 전반으로 설정한다. 그 결과, 제품부터 공간까지 숙명박물관의 통합된 브랜딩은 일 관성과 객관성, 스토리성을 얻을 수 있었다. ’숙명박물관'은 학교의 박물관이라는 장점을 극대화시켜 가치와 스토리를 부여하고 하나의 브랜드로 리뉴얼했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 향후 보편적인 박물관들의 차별화된 브랜드 개발의 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대하며 브랜드 개발에 있어서 G·I, P·I, S·I의 통합 브랜드 메뉴의 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

댄스스포츠 선수들의 기술수준에 따른 경쟁상태 불안에 관한 연구

변해심,장혜은 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

This study was intended to make a comparative analysis of the competitive anxiety factors of both amateur and professional male/ female dance sports athletes's competitive anxiety factors. This study was conducted for 232 amateur, professional male/female dance sports athletes participating in the 3rd National Dance Sports Championship for the President's Medal of Dong-A Ilbo held in Apr 27, 2003 and the 5th Emerald Ball Championship Contest held in Apr 27, 2003. Based on the research procedure and data analysis, the following conclusion was drawn: 1. It was found that the level of cognitive anxiety, of competitive state anxiety factors, was higher for amateur athletes and male athletes than it was for professional athletes and female athletes. And it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of functions(professional and amateur)(p<.05). 2. It was found that the level of physical anxiety, like the cognitive anxiety factor, was higher for amateur dance sports athletes than it was for professional dance sports athletes. Unlike the cognitive anxiety factor, it was found that the level of physical anxiety was higher for female athletes than it was for male athletes. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the physical anxiety between the levels of functions(p<.05). 3. It was found that the level of self-confidence was higher for professional dance sports athletes than it was for amateur dance sports athletes. And it was found that the level of self-confidence was higher for male athletes than it was for female athletes. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the physical anxiety according to the level of functions and gender(p<.05). 4. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in all of the competitive state anxiety factors(cognitive anxiety, physical anxiety and self-confidence) according to dance sports athletes' career(p<.05). Among other things, it was found that the lower their career of sports was, the higher the level of cognitive anxiety and physical anxiety was and the more career they had, the higher level of self-confidence they had.

정서유발단어에 대한 주의이동시 뇌신경망의 활성 양상

김연희,장은혜,고명환,신승훈,양경혜,손진훈 한국뇌학회 2002 한국뇌학회지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 fMRI를 사용하여 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동과 관련한 뇌신경망을 규명하기 위하여 12명의 오른손잡이 여대생을 대상으로 수행하였다. fMRI 실험을 위한 뇌활성화 과제는 예비실험을 통하여 선정된 행복, 슬픔, 위협에 해당하는 각각 36개씩의 단어와 각 단어의 짝을 이루기 위한 중성단어를 이용하여 변형된 Posner 패러다임을 블록디자인으로 고안하였다. fMRI 영상은 1.5T Simens Vision scanner를 사용하여 실시하였으며, single-shot EPI 기법으로(TR/TE:3840/40ms, flip angle: 90, FOV: 220, 64x64 matrix, Slice thickness: 6mm) 이미지를 얻었고 피험자의 반응시간을 기록하였다. 자료분석은 SPM-99 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 정서유발단어는 중성단어에 비하여 반응시간이 의미있게 빨라 효과적인 주의이동이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. 정서유발단어와 중성단어에 의한 뇌활성화 상태를 감산분석한 결과, 좌측 상두정엽, 양측 후두엽 및 소뇌에서 뇌활성화를 보였고, 이들 영역은 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동시 특징적으로 활성이 일어나는 뇌영역임을 보여주었다. 또한 여러 가지 정서가를 가진 단어에 의해 유발되는 주의의 정도가 특징적인 신경망의 활성과 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to delineate the neural network related to the shift of attention and its modulation by emotion-provoking words using functional MRI (fMRI). Twelve right-handed normal female volunteers participated in fMRI study. Their mean age was 24 years and the mean modified Edinburgh score was +90. Emotion-provoking words representing happy, sad, threatened, and neutral emotional valences respectively were chosen by the assessment of 60 normal volunteers using semantic differentiation and Mannequin scales. The activation tasks were designed using modified Posner's paradigm to have 4 blocks of each emotional and control periods, Imaging was conducted on a 1.5T Siemens Vision scanner. Single-shot echoplanar images (TR/TE = 3840/40 ms, flip angle = 90, FOV = 220, matrix = 62 ? 64, slice thickness = 6㎜) were acquired in 20 contiguous slices parallel to the AC_PC line as well as conventional T1-weighted images. Response times were obtained during the scanning, Imaging data were realigned, coregistered, normalized, smoothed, and statistically analyzed in group using SPM-99 software. The results showed that emotional valence of word stimuli produced the effect of attentional engagement. The left superior parietal, inferior frontal, bilateral occipital lobes and cerebellum were main area of modulation of attentional network by emotional words stimuli. The different extent of brain activation induced by different emotion-provoking words were determined.