Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

반말체 어미 ‘-게’의 의미기능 연구

이한민 ( Lee Han-min ),조은영 ( Cho Eun-young ) 국어학회 2015 국어학 Vol.74 No.-

본고는 조은영·이한민(2011)에서 정리하였던 연결어미에서 종결어미화된 ‘-게’의 의미기능과 문법화 과정의 연장선상에서 추가적인 ‘-게’의 용법으로 [가정]과 [추측유도]의 의미기능을 살피고자 하였다. [가정] ‘-게’구문은 조건절인 선행절과 결과절인 후행‘-게’절로 구성되며, 선행절의 부정을 이끄는 반어적 진술의 수사의문문으로 사용된다. [가정] ‘-게’는 선어말어미 ‘-었-’이 결합할 수 있는 점, 후행 ‘-게’절이 단독으로 쓰일 수 없는 점, 의미적으로 후행절의 내용이 선행절을 강조하는 기능을 한다는 점에서 [완료결과] ‘-게’와 연관성을 보인다. [추측유도] ‘-게’구문은 화자가 알고 있는 어떠한 사실에 대하여 청자의 ‘추측을 유도’하는 발화에서 사용되며, 설명의문문 형식이나 선택의문문 형식으로 쓰이지만, 청자로부터 신정보를 얻기 위한 질문으로는 사용되지 않는다. [추측유도] ‘-게’절은 선어말어미 ‘-었-’이 결합할 수 있는 점, 이미 이루어진 상황 혹은 확정된 사실에 대한 것이라는 점에서 [완료결과] ‘-게’와 유사한 의미를 보인다. 그러나 단독으로 사용될 수 있는 구문인지, 발화의 초점이 ‘-게’절에 있는지의 여부에서 차이를 보인다. [가정]은 [완료결과]와 통사적, 의미적으로 비슷한 부분이 많고, [완료결과]와 동일한 형식의 문장이 [가정]의 쓰임을 보이는 과도기적 형태도 존재한다. 따라서 [가정]은 [완료결과] 이후에 연결될 수 있는 단계로 볼 수 있다.[추측유도]의 경우에는 [완료결과], [가정]과 통사적, 의미적으로 공통적인 부분이 있지만, 조은영·이한민(2011)에서 정리한 종결어미 ‘-게’의 단계별 의미기능과 함께 다룰 수 있을지에 대해서는 결론을 내리지 못하였다. [추측유도]가 연결어미 ‘-게’에서 문법화한 종결어미가 아니라 다른 기원을 갖는 ‘-게’의 의미기능일 수도 있다는 가능성도 열어 두어야 할 것이다. 다만, [추측유도] ‘-게’가 공시적인 쓰임에서 연결어미 ‘-게’에서 문법화한 종결어미의 의미기능들과 연관성을 가지는 것은 분명하다. This paper tries to figure out the additory usage of final ending ‘-ge’―the semantic function of [supposition] and [assumption inducement]― as an extension to the grammaticalization process of final ending ‘-ge,’ originated from a connective ending ‘-ge’ organized by Cho, Eun-Young & Lee, Han-Min (2011). The sentence structure of [supposition] ‘-ge’ is consisted of the antecedent clause, which is a conditional clause, and the following clause ‘-ge’ clause, and is used as a rhetorical interrogative of an ironic statement denying the antecedent clause. It also shows some correlation with [completion result] ‘-ge’, considering the fact that ‘-ge’ can be combined with the tense prefinal ending ‘-eoss-’, and that following ‘-ge’ clause cannot be used by itself, and that the following clause can emphasize the antecedent clause semantically. The sentence structure of [assumption inducement] ‘-ge’ is often used when inducing a listener to make an assumption of a matter that a speaker already knows. However, it is not used as a question to get a new information from the listener although it may be used in a form of a wh-question or an alternative question. [Assumption inducement] ‘-ge’ clause shows some similar meaning with that of a [completion result] ‘-ge’ clause regarding the fact that it can be combined with the tense prefinal ending ‘-eoss-’ and that this clause is about something that has already happened or determined. However, it shows some differences in that whether this sentence structure can be used alone or its focus point of utterance is on ‘-ge’ clause itself. There exists several similarities between [supposition] and [completion result] in syntactic and semantic context, in addition to a transitional phase in which a sentence is used as a [supposition] clause when sentence structures exhibit identical features to [completion result]. Thus, it can be seen that [supposition] is a connecting stage following the [completion stage]. In case of [assumption inducement], there exists several similarities between [assumption inducement], [completion result] and [supposition] in syntactic and semantic context. However, the authors were not able to draw a definitive conclusion as to whether [assumption inducement] can be dealt with changing meanings of semantic functions of final ending ‘-ge,’ organized in Cho, Eun-Young & Lee, Han-Min (2011). Thus, there is an implied possibility that [Assumption inducement] may not be a grammaticalized final ending ‘-ge’ but that of different origins with dissimilar semantic functions. In the synchronic use, however, it is certain that [assumption result] ‘-ge’ has a definitive correlation with semantic functions of final endings that are grammaticalized in the connective ending ‘-ge.’

Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

갑상선 기능항진증 환자에서 인슐린감수성 및 인슐린분비능의 변화

최은진,강호철,이태희,정민영,이대호,장연진,박상선,조재현 대한내분비학회 1994 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.9 No.2

The impairement of glucose metabolism is frequently associated in hyperthyroidism. The present study was performed to determine the effect of the thyroid hormone excess on insulin sensitivity and on insulin secretory function in vivo. Ten newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients and fifteen healthy control subjects were subjected to frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests(FSIGT) after an overnight fast. Insulin sensitivity, represented by the insulin sensitivity index(S_1), was assessed by minimal model analysis of FSIGT data. Insulin secretion was measured by the total area under the insulin curve after glucose load. The results were as follows. 1) The K_G values, which represent glucose tolerance, were not different between the hyperthyroid patients and the normals(2.2+-0.3 vs. 2.5+-0.3%/min, p$gt;0.05). 2) S_1 was significantly decreased in the hyperthyroid patients in comparison to the normals(7.5+-1.4 vs. 2.6+-0.3X10^-4 min^-1/uU/ml, p$lt;0.05). 3) The basal insulin concentration was higher in the hyperthyroid patients than in the normals(8.3+-2.4 vs. 4.6+-0.4 uU/ml, p=0.07). In addition, the insulin secretory response to a glucose load was increased in the hyperthyroid patients as evidenced by the peak plasma insulin level(168.2+-30.4 vs. 89.2+-13.9 uU/ml, p$lt;0.05) and by the total area under the insulin curve(2641.1+-443.2 vs. 1696.7+-204.3 min uU/ml, p$lt;0.05). These results clearly demonstrated that insulin sensitivity was impaired in these newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients. However, glucose tolerance was maintained by the increased insulin secretion (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 9:108-114, 1994).

대장직장 종양에 대한 내시경 점막하 절제술의 연대순 임상 결과와 학습 곡선

이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),김은수 ( Eun Soo Kim ),박경식 ( Kyung Sik Park ),조광범 ( Kwang Bum Cho ),김동춘 ( Dong Choon Kim ),강유진 ( Yu Jin Kang ),이유진 ( Yoo Jin Lee ),이정민 ( Jung Min Lee ),최은성 ( Eun Sung Choi ),최재혁 ( Ja 대한소화기학회 2014 대한소화기학회지 Vol.64 No.4

Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective procedure for en-bloc curative resection of the colorectal tumor. As it requires high technical skills and experience in therapeutic endoscopy, it is important to understand learning curve of ESD technique. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the clinical results of ESD and to evaluate learning curve for the ESD of colorectal tumors. Methods: A total of 90 patients with 90 colorectal neoplasms, who had undergone ESD at a tertiary referral hospital from July 2009 to December 2012, were enrolled. The ESD was performed by a single endoscopist. All ESD cases were divided into three periods: first, cases 1-30; second, cases 31-60; and third, cases 61-90. Results: The en-bloc resection rates in third period (100%) was significantly higher than that of the first (93.3%) and second period (80%) (p=0.025). The perforation rate in third period (0%) also significantly decreased compared with that of the first (13.3%) and second period (20%) (p=0.032). To calibrate the difference of tumor size among periods, proficiency was calculated, as the procedure time per specimen area (min/cm2). The proficiency in third period (4.3) was significantly shorter than that of the first (16.8) and second period (10.2) (p=0.004). Conclusions: The learning curve of colorectal ESD in our study shows that at least 60 cases of ESD have to be conducted to acquire sufficient skill of degree without perforation. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:198-205)

추출방법에 따른 감귤 과피 유래 Flavonoid의 추출효율 및 항산화 효과에 대한 비교

최찬익 ( Chan Ick Cheigh ),정원근 ( Won Guen Jung ),정은영 ( Eun Young Chung ),고민정 ( Min Jung Ko ),조상우 ( Sang Woo Cho ),이재환 ( Jae Hwan Lee ),장판식 ( Pahn Shick Chang ),박영서 ( Young Seo Park ),백현동 ( Hyun Dong Paik 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 감귤 과피 가공부산물로부터 기능성 polyphenol 및 flavonoid가 새로운 추출방법인 아임계 추출법을 통해 추출되었고, 열수(80oC), 에탄올, 설탕용액을 이용한 기존 추출법과의 추출효율이 비교 분석되었다. 건조된 감귤 과피로부터 총 polyphenol(27.25±1.33mg QE/g DCP) 및 flavonoid(7.31±0.41mg QE/g DCP)에 대한 최대수율이 아임계 추출법(190°C, 1300 psi, 10 min)을 통해 획득되었으며, 이것은 기존 추출법 가운데 가장 높은 수율을 보인 에탄올 추출법을 통한 총 polyphenol(3.79±0.73mg QE/g DCP) 및 flavonoid(0.86±0.27mg QE/g DCP) 수율 대비 7.2배와 8.5배 이상 더 높은 것이었다. 추출방법에 따른 감귤 과피 추출물의 항산화 활성은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 이러한 결과는 건조 감귤 과피 1g 당 아임계 추출법(190oC, 1300 psi, 10 min)에 의한 항산화 성분의 상대 수율(relative yield, %)이 다른 추출방법을 통해 획득된 것보다 대략 9.5배 이상 더 높다는 것을 설명하는 결과로, 아임계 추출법이 기존의 전통적 추출법에 비하여 감귤 과피의 기능성 polyphenol 및 flavonoid를 추출하는데 매우 적합한 방법임을 제시하고 있다. The extraction of polyphenol and flavonoid from citrus peel was performed by the ethanol, sugar, hot water (80oC), and subcritical water extraction methods. The maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds (27.25±1.33mg QE/g DCP, QE and DCP indicate quercetin equivalent and dried citrus peel, respectively) and flavonoids (7.31±0.41mg QE/g DCP) were obtained by subcritical water extraction (SWE) with operating conditions of 190oC, 1300 psi, and 10 min. The yields by SWE were over 7.2-, and 8.5-fold higher than those of total polyphenols (3.79±0.73mg QE/g DCP) and flavonoids (0.86±0.27mg QE/g DCP) obtained using the ethanol extraction, which showed the highest extraction efficiency among tested conventional methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of extracts obtained by different methods showed no significant differences. However, the relative antioxidant yield per 1 g dried citrus peel by SWE (190oC, 10 min) was over 9.5-fold higher than that by the ethanol extraction.

Comparisons of obstetrical outcomes among vaginal, intramuscular progesterone treatment and conservative management for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies with a short cervix

( Young Li Kim ),( Young Jae Lee ),( Hee Young Cho ),( Eun Ah Kim ),( Min Jung Baek ),( Young Ran Kim ),( Sukho Kang ),( Ji Yeon Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

목적: To determine the differences in pregnancy outcomes among cases treated by vaginal progesterone, intramuscular(IM) progesterone and conservative management in twin pregnancies with a short cervix. 방법: This is a retrospective study of 273 twin pregnancies complicated by a short cervix(<2.5cm) who delivered from 2007 to 2016 in CHA Bundang Medical Center. Women who received cervical cerclage were excluded. Treatment groups included 1) group I; conservative management group without progesterone treatment(n=174), 2) group II; vaginal progesterone suppository group(n=30), 3) group III; IM progesterone injection group(n=69). Primary outcomes were spontaneous birth at <28, 32, 34, or 36 weeks of gestational age(GA). The secondary outcomes included hospitalized for tocolytics or antenatal corticosteroids, small for gestational age and low APGAR score(<7) at 5 min. 결과: Preterm birth before 36 weeks of GA was different among 3 groups(29.3%[51/174] vs.20.0%[6/30] vs.43.5%[30/69], p=0.034). Low APGAR score(<7) at 5min was significantly different among 3 groups(7.8%[27/348] vs.5.0%[3/60] vs.15.2%[21/138], p=0.018). After multivariate analysis, preterm birth(<36 weeks) occurred more frequently in group III than group I(aOR 6.90 95%CI:1.06-45.04, p=0.044). However, there was no significant difference between group II and III. Meanwhile, there were more cases with low APGAR score(<7) at 5 min in group III than group I(aOR 6.58 95%CI:1.43-30.21, p=0.015) and group II(aOR 17.04 95%CI:1.56-185.74, p=0.020) after multivariate analysis. 결론: In twin pregnancies complicated by short cervical length, IM progesterone group showed significantly greater occurrence of preterm birth before 36 weeks of GA in comparison with vaginal progesterone group and conservative management group.

재활승마의 효과에 대한 고찰

조경희,김은정,정재민,황보각 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2010 再活科學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

이 연구는 승마 운동의 효과에 대한 객관적이고 구체적인 정보를 제공하기 위해 승마운동이 균형, 자세, 골밀도, 근력, 정서에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 최신 동향을 살펴보기 위해 90년대 이후의 자료만을 선택하여 승마운동, 승마치료, 재활승마 등 재활 승마와 관련된 키워드를 검색하고 승마운동을 통한 효과를 알아보기 위해 균형, 안정성, 골밀도, 근력 등의 연관 검색어를 함께 검색하였다. 그 결과 지속적인 승마운동은 균형 능력 향상을 위해 효과적인 운동이며 대퇴전자부와 대퇴경부의 좌우측, L3,L4의 골밀도를 향상시키고 승마에서만 발달될 수 있는 특수한 부위를 자극한다. 또한 재활승마를 통해 인지적, 사회적인 부분에 대해 눈에 띄는 향상을 기대할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to provide information which objective and definite effect of horseback riding about balance, posture, bone mass, muscle strength, emotion. To search the newest trend, Studies for this literature review were sought which investigated the effect of HBRT, hippotherpay, therapeutic horseback riding since 1990. These literature searches were also linked to other descriptive terms. For example, balance, posture, bone mass, muscle strength, emotion. Continuos horseback riding therapy is effective exercise to improve balance ability and bone mass of femur trochanter, femur neck, lumbar 3-4. Also, horseback riding can expect to improve recognition and sociality.

노인정신장애 평가척도(Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale)의 한국판 표준화 연구

조맹제,박임순,신영민,김무진,정희연,정은기,최용성,조성진,서국희,함봉진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 치매와 우울증을 다차원적으로 평가할 수 있는 도구인 Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS)의 한국판(PAS-K)을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 번역, 역번역, 그리고 세차례의 예비조사를 통하여 PAS-K를 제작하였다. 60세 이상의 노인 291명(임상환자군 : 58명, 지역사회노인군 : 168명, 수용시설 거주자 : 67명)과 그들의 정보제공자들을 대상으로 PAS-K, Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), 그리고 Hachinski Ischemic Score 를 적용하고, Diagnostic Interview chedule(DIS-Ⅲ-R)을 사용하여 치매와 우울증을 진단하였다. PAS-K의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하고, 예민도와 특이도, Kappa값, 그리고 ROC커브 분석법을 이용하여 PAS-K의 6개의 소척도들(피검자면접 : 인지기능 장애척도, 우울척도, 뇌졸중척도, 정보제공자면접 : 인지기능 저하척도, 행동변화척도, 뇌졸중척도)의 최적 절단점을 구하였다. 결 과 : PAS-K는 높은 내적 일관성을 보였고, 검사자간 신뢰도도 만족할 만한 수준이었다. PAS-K의 소척도들을 다른 표준화된 검사도구들과 비교하였을 때 인지기능 장애척도와 인지기능 저하척도는 MMSE-K와, 우울척도는 GDS 및 HRSD와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 뇌졸중척도는 Hachinski Ischemic Score와 통계적으로 의미있는 상관관계를 보였다. 최적절단점은 인지기능 장애척도 10점, 인지기능 저하척도 3점, 우울척도 5점, 피검자면접과 정보제공자 뇌졸중척도 모두 1점, 그리고 행동변화척도 2점으로 추정하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 PAS-K의 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증되었고, 노인정신의학 역학연구나 보건분야에서 치매와 우울증의 임상경과관찰 및 일차 선별도구로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있게 되었다. Objectives : This study was designed to develop the Korean version of the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS-K), a multidimensional screening tool for the dementia and depression. Methods : Through three times preliminary trials, the authors translated PAS into Korean. The PAS-K, Geriatric Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hachinski Ischemic Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version were administered to 291 subjects over the age of 60 and the same number of their informants(67 subjects were institutionalized, 168 subjects were in community, 58 subjects were psychiatric hospital patients). And the Diagnostic Interview Schedule(DSM-Ⅲ-R) was independently administered to exactly diagnose dementia and depression. The reliability and validity test, optimal cut-off point estimation for six each scale and ROC curve analyses were done to investigate the diagnostic validity of PAS-K. Results : Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the PAS-K were high. Concurrent validity of each scales of PAS-K was good in being measured with other standardized scales. The optimal cut-off points of each scale of the PAS-K were estimated as follows : 1) Stroke Scale of subject interview : 1, 2) Cognitive Impairment Scale of subject interview: 10, 3) Depression Scale of subject interview : 5, 4) Stroke Scale of informant interview : 1, 5) Cognitive Decline Scale of informant interview : 3, and 6) Behavioral Change Scale of informant : 2. conclusions : The PAS-K was valid and reliable screening tools for detecting dementia and depression. Therefore the PAS-K could be widely and extensively used in psychogeriatric epidemiological research or clinical setting of primary screening for dementia and depression.

수근관 증후군의 국소 스테로이드 주사

조민규,이성훈,강은영,전평식,최영태 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.5