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John K. Emmerson,해군대학 해군대학 1981 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.3
동북 「아시아」는 세계에서 가장 중요한 지역중의 하나이다. 왜냐하면, 4대강국의 노력이 이곳이 집중되어 있기 때문이다. 즉, 양대 공산세력인 중공과 소련이 이 지역에 존재하는가 하면 서방세계에서 영도적 지위를 가진 일본과 미국이 이 지역에 세력을 가지고 있으며, 한국과 대만이 이곳에 위치하고 있다. 따라서 4대강국의 상호관게에 따른 문제에 대해서 언급하겠다. 여기서 가장 중요한 것은 무엇보다 중·소 대립이며, 이로 인하여 미국과 중공간의 접근이 이루어졌고 대만에 대해서는 외교관계를 청산했다.
ASEAN between China and America: Is It Time to Try Horsing the Cow?
Donald K. Emmerson 서강대학교 동아연구소 2017 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.5 No.1
Admirers of ASEAN are impressed with the fact that it continues to exist and that an outright war has never broken out between its members. Also often praised is the value to the region of promoting cooperation through the consensual process known as the ‘ASEANWay’. If ASEAN is a talk shop, these observers say, talking is at least better than fighting. ASEAN’s increasingly numerous and vocal critics reply that by valuing process more than product, consensus over accomplishment, the organization is failing to respond to urgent real-world challenges in Asia. Not least among such challenges is Chinese expansion in the South China Sea (SCS) and the stated intention of incoming US president Donald Trump to pull his country out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Only four ASEAN members have claims in the SCS and only four are in the TPP, but the sea’s and the treaty’s futures matter for the rest of the region as well. The fact of Chinese advancement and the risk of American disengagement are endangering the autonomy and relevance of ASEAN, not to mention the repercussions of Sino-American escalation. Already weakened by internal dissensus, the group’s ability to negotiate as a group with China on maritime security has been blocked by Beijing’s insistence on bilateral talks. Chinese material largesse has coopted Cambodia into vetoing any ASEAN agreement to restrain, moderate, or even question China’s designs on the heartwater of Southeast Asia. The ASEAN Way is being used against ASEAN itself. Heightened uncertainty as to America’s future role in and commitment to the region further heightens security concern. In its 50th anniversary year, Southeast Asians would do well to think outside the increasingly marginalised, internally divided, and procedurally restricted box that ASEAN has become. Three ideas already in circulation illustrate the kind of creativity that ASEAN will need if it is to sustain its acknowledged historical success in fashioning an independent political and economic identity for Southeast Asia.
Sung-Shim Hong(Sung-Shim Hong),Dennis Emmerson(Dennis Emmerson ) 한국캐나다학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.26 No.1
Code-switching is a complex sociolinguistic phenomenon, especially as the English language serves as a lingua franca around the globe. Furthermore, bilingual populations outnumber monolingual populations in most countries. This research attempts to describe the types and the functions of discourse-related CS by analyzing conversations of Korean Canadian bilinguals in a Toronto-based situation comedy, Kim’s Convenience, first aired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in 2016. We highlight extensive use of Korean words and expressions interspersed in the conversations uttered in English, and arrive at a conclusion that the types of CS in the sitcom display the majority of the six functions and motivations proposed by Jacobs (1983), Appel & Muysken (1987), and advocated by many others like Tseng and Cashman (2015) and Spice (2018). We maintain that the CS expressions in the show signal ethnic/group identity (Myers-Scotton, 1983, 1993) as expressive function, referential function, metalinguistic function, and poetic function which enhances the humorous tone in the show. We further propose an additional noteworthy function, i.e., heritage function in immigrants’ bilingual speech community. The ramification of this research is that the Canadian linguistic landscape seems to be tolerant toward bilingualism between English and a heritage language, which is Korean in this case.