Isolated System Towards A Successful Radiotherapy Treatment

Moawad, Emad The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2010 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.44 No.2

Purpose Establishment of the specifications and standards for successful radiotherapy treatments through identifying three objectives: administering the appropriate low-waste dose, developing dose-delivery skills and monitoring an earlier response to therapy. Methods The appropriate low-waste dose is administered via the work-energy principle, considering the interaction between the drug and the tumor as an isolated system. Then, chelated with any compound that could form a lipid-soluble complex with the radioactive metal ions, it is injected directly into the tumor via a multihole needle to improve the distribution of the injectate solution. This can be detected by monitoring the tumor response through newer imaging techniques that combine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) with CT, so that nonresponding tumors can be identified early to modify the administered dose. Results The accuracy of estimating the initial effective radioactive dose depends on the equivalence of the growth energy of the tumor estimated from the CT scan and the decay energy of the effective radioactive dose. Besides earlier or more accurate assessment of the tumor response by PET with the glucose analogue $^{18}F$-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ($^{18}F$-FDG), this contributes to the most safe and low-cost successful treatment. This approach assessed the therapeutic significance of lipid-soluble compounds with the radioactive metal ions in protecting system isolation, which plays a major role in targeted tumor therapy. Conclusion Treatment success shows that the three identified objectives are completely dependent objectives. It should also be taken into consideration that radionuclide decay-generated Auger electrons may bemore effective in very small tumors to avoid a cross dose.

Suggested Integrative Approach for Hand Abscess with Cupping Therapy: a case study

Hussein Emad Ahmed Fathy,Negm Shahira Hassan Ibrahim,Shaikh Tabish Ishaq,Saleh Ahmed Helmy,Hussein Emad Ahmed Fathy 대한약침학회 2023 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.26 No.1

A forty-three-year-old male patient was diagnosed with an acute abscess in the dorsum of the right hand. On the 5th day of conventional pharmacological therapy the patient was still suffering, and was referred to the Outpatient department (OPD) to evacuate and drain the abscess and treat the edema around the area with Hijama (wet cupping therapy, WCT). The hand abscess was successfully cured within a week using an integrative approach of wet cupping therapy together with conventional drug therapy.

Dielectric Properties of a BaTiO3 Ceramic Prepared by Using the Freeze Drying Method

Emad K. Al-Shakarchi 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.2

A modified catecholate process has been developed to synthesize high-purity barium titanate by using a freeze drying method to produce ultra-fine powders from a barium titanium catechol complex, Ba[Ti(C6H4O2)3]. The complex prepared from TiCl4, C6H4(OH)2 and BaCO3. The freeze drying of the complex Ba[Ti(C6H4O2)3] under a primary vacuum at a freezing temperature of -50 ℃ for a long time 24 hrs is necessary to transfer the complex Ba[Ti(C6H4O2)3] from a liquid phase to a solid phase. A subsequent calcination of the complex for 12 hrs at a temperature of 700 ℃ was very important to remove the acetates from the mixture. Finally, a sintering process was required for the pellets so that high density samples could be investigated. The dielectric properties, the structural phase, and the particle size of the sintered pellets have investigated as functions of frequency and temperature in order to determine the critical temperature for the phase transition. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the structural properties and the particle size. The tetragonal phase of BaTiO3 with the lattice constants a = b = 3.9734 Å, and c = 4.012 Å was successfully obtained.

Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller of 3-Phase Induction Motors for Efficiency Improvement

Emad Abdelkarim,Mahrous Ahmed,Mohamed Orabi,Peter Mutschler 전력전자학회 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.2

The paper presents an accurate loss model based controller of an induction motor to calculate the optimal air gap flux. The model includes copper losses, iron losses, harmonic losses, friction and windage losses, and stray losses. These losses are represented as a function of the air gap flux. By using the calculated optimal air gap flux compared with rated flux for speed sensorless indirect vector controlled induction motor, an improvement in motor efficiency is achieved. The motor speed performance is improved using a fuzzy logic speed controller instead of a PI controller. The fuzzy logic speed controller was simulated using the fuzzy control interface block of MATLAB/SIMULINK program. The control algorithm is experimentally tested within a PC under RTAI-Linux. The simulation and experimental results show the improvement in motor efficiency and speed performance.

Scaling Factor Design Based Variable Step Size Incremental Resistance Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV Systems

Emad M. Ahmed,Masahito Shoyama 전력전자학회 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.1

Variable step size maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) are widely used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to extract the peak array power which depends on solar irradiation and array temperature. One essential factor which judges system dynamics and steady state performances is the scaling factor (N), which is used to update the controlling equation in the tracking algorithm to determine a new duty cycle. This paper proposes a novel stability study of variable step size incremental resistance maximum power point tracking (INR MPPT). The main contribution of this analysis appears when developing the overall small signal model of the PV system. Therefore, by using linear control theory, the boundary value of the scaling factor can be determined. The theoretical analysis and the design principle of the proposed stability analysis have been validated using MATLAB simulations, and experimentally using a fixed point digital signal processor (TMS320F2808).

Variable Step Size Maximum Power Point Tracker Using a Single Variable for Stand-alone Battery Storage PV Systems

Emad M. Ahmed,Masahito Shoyama 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.2

The subject of variable step size maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms has been addressed in the literature. However, most of the addressed algorithms tune the variable step size according to two variables: the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage (VPV) and the PV array current (IPV). Therefore, both the PV array current and voltage have to be measured. Recently, maximum power point trackers that are based on a single variable (IPV or VPV) have received a great deal of attention due to their simplicity and ease of implementation, when compared to other tracking techniques. In this paper, two methods have been proposed to design a variable step size MPPT algorithm using only a single current sensor for stand-alone battery storage PV systems. These methods utilize only the relationship between the PV array measured current and the converter duty cycle (D) to automatically adapt the step change in the duty cycle to reach the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. Detailed analyses and flowcharts of the proposed methods are included. Moreover, a comparison has been made between the proposed methods to investigate their performance in the transient and steady states. Finally, experimental results with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are presented to verify the performance of the proposed methods.

C. elegans Behavior of Preference Choice on Bacterial Food

Emad Abd-elmoniem Abada,Hyun Sung,Meenakshi Dwivedi,박병재,이선경,안주홍 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.3

Caenorhabditis elegans is a free living soil nematode and thus in its natural habitat, C. elegans encounters many different species of soil bacteria. Although some soil bac-teria may be excellent sources of nutrition for the worm, others may be pathogenic. Thus, we undertook a study to understand how C. elegans can identify their preferred food using a simple behavioral assay. We found that there are various species of soil bacteria that C. elegans prefers in comparison to the standard laboratory E. coli strain OP50. In particular, two bacterial strains, Bacillus my-coides and Bacillus soli, were preferred strains. Interest-ingly, the sole feeding of these bacteria to wild type ani-mals results in extended lifespan through the activation of the autophagic process. Further studies will be required to understand the precise mechanism controlling the behav-ior of identification and selection of food in C. elegans.

Direct shear behavior of concrete filled hollow steel tube shear connector for slim-floor steel beams

Emad Hosseinpour,Shahrizan Baharom,Wan Hamidon W. Badaruzzaman,Mahdi Shariati,Abdolrahim Jalali 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.26 No.4

In this paper, a hollow steel tube (HST) shear connector is proposed for use in a slim-floor system. The HST welded to a perforated steel beam web and embedded in concrete slab. A total of 10 push-out tests were conducted under static loading to investigate the mechanical behavior of the proposed HST connector. The variables were the shapes (circular, square and rectangular) and sizes of hollow steel tubes, and the compressive strength of the concrete. The failure mode was recorded as: concrete slab compressive failure under the steel tube and concrete tensile splitting failure, where no failure occurred in the HST. Test results show that the square shape HST in filled via concrete strength 40 MPa carried the highest shear load value, showing three times more than the reference specimens. It also recorded less slip behavior, and less compressive failure mode in concrete underneath the square hollow connector in comparison with the circular and rectangular HST connectors in both concrete strengths. The rectangular HST shows a 20% higher shear resistance with a longer width in the load direction in comparison with that in the smaller dimension. The energy absorption capacity values showed 23% and 18% improvements with the square HST rather than a headed shear stud when embedded in concrete strengths of 25 MPa and 40 MPa, respectively. Moreover, an analytical method was proposed and predicts the shear resistance of the HST shear connectors with a standard deviation of 0.14 considering the shape and size of the connectors.

Assessment of the relationship between serum soluble Klotho and carotid intimaemedia thickness and left ventricular dysfunction in hemodialysis patients

( Emad Abdallah ),( Osama Mosbah ),( Ghada Khalifa ),( Amna Metwaly ),( Omnia El-bendary ) 대한신장학회 2016 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.35 No.1

Background: The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) and carotid intimaemedia thickness (CIMT) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 88 patients with end-stage renal disease on regular HD. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and C-reactive protein were measured. The serum levels of s-Klotho and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) were measured using an Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Echocardiography and measurement of CIMT were also conducted. The studied patients were divided according to the median s- Klotho level into 2 groups: patients with low s-Klotho (Group I) and patients with high s-Klotho (Group II). Results: Mean value of s-Klotho was significantly low in HD patients compared to controls (P ¼ 0.001), and mean value of FGF-23 was significantly high in HD patients compared to controls (P ¼ 0.001). The mean values of parathyroid hormone, FGF-23, and phosphorus were significantly high in Group I compared to Group II, whereas the mean value of serum calcium was significantly low in Group I compared to Group II. The mean values of CIMT, LV mass (LVM), LVM index, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were high in Group I compared to Group II. Patients with low s- Klotho had significantly more coronary artery disease (CAD). In a regression analysis of s-Klotho with different markers of cardiovascular diseases, s-Klotho showed significant association with CIMT, LVEF, and CAD, but not with LVM and LVM index. Conclusion: The present study showed that patients with a low s-Klotho were more often associated with increased CIMT, LV dysfunction, and CAD, and it seems that there was independent association between s-Klotho and CIMT, LVEF, and CAD.

Determination of optimum SLA process parameters of H-shaped parts

Emad Rajabi Khorasani,Hamid Baseri 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.3

A model was proposed for optimization of stereolithography (SLA) process parameters to achieve the minimum shrinkage of H-shaped parts. A neural network was designed to correlate the input parameters to dimensional error of the parts manufactured by SLA. For this purpose, the data of a previous study from the literature was used that investigated the effect of three important parameters (layer thickness, hatch overcure and hatch spacing) of the SLA process by measuring the H-shaped parts manufactured by SLA 250. Then, the neural network model was imported into two optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm and simulated annealing) and the optimal values were determined. Results showed that the combination of neural network and optimization algorithms could determine the optimal input parameters for the minimum shrinkage with good accuracy.