Control of 3-Phase 4-Wire Isolated Grids

Jurgen Buttner,Thomas Ellinger,Andre Muller,Jurgen Petzoldt 전력전자학회 2001 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2001 No.10

The generation of isolated grids by pulsed converters with characteristics close to the mains of the utility companies is a pretentious task. For generation of three-phase four-wire isolated grids are presented possible topologies and the demands on the system control are processed. For control of all conceivable load and error conditions, an extensive control technology is necessary. This must permit unsymmetrical operating conditions for an unlimited period but recognize errors simultaneously and therefore an overloading the consumer and the power semiconductors reliable may prevent. Measurement results on an experimental plant show the problems to be solved.

Dosage Effects of Salt and pH Stresses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Monitored via Metabolites by Using Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

채영기,Seol Hyun Kim,James E. Ellinger,John L. Markley 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a common species of yeast, is by far the most extensively studied model of a eukaryote because although it is one of the simplest eukaryotes, its basic cellular processes resemble those of higher organisms. In addition, yeast is a commercially valuable organism for ethanol production. Since the yeast data can be extrapolated to the important aspects of higher organisms, many researchers have studied yeast metabolism under various conditions. In this report, we analyzed and compared metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under salt and pH stresses of various strengths by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A total of 31 metabolites were identified for most of the samples. The levels of many identified metabolites showed gradual or drastic increases or decreases depending on the severity of the stresses involved. The statistical analysis produced a holistic outline: pH stresses were clustered together, but salt stresses were spread out depending on the severity. This work could provide a link between the metabolite profiles and mRNA or protein profiles under representative and well studied stress conditions.

Tracing Metabolite Footsteps of Escherichia coli Along the Time Course of Recombinant Protein Expression by Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

채영기,Seol Hyun Kim,James J. Ellinger,John L. Markley 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

The recombinant expression of proteins has been the method of choice to meet the demands from proteomics and structural genomics studies. Despite its successful production of many heterologous proteins, Escherichia coli failed to produce many other proteins in their native forms. This may be related to the fact that the stresses resulting from the overproduction interfere with cellular processes. To better understand the physiological change during the overproduction phase, we profiled the metabolites along the time course of the recombinant protein expression. We identified 32 metabolites collected from different time points in the protein production phase. The stress induced by protein production can be characterized by (A) the increased usage of aspartic acid, choline, glycerol, and N-acetyllysine; and (B) the accumulation of adenosine, alanine, oxidized glutathione, glycine, N-acetylputrescine, and uracil. We envision that this work can be used to create a strategy for the production of usable proteins in large quantities.

Dosage Effects of Salt and pH Stresses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Monitored via Metabolites by Using Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

Chae, Young Kee,Kim, Seol Hyun,Ellinger, James E.,Markley, John L. Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a common species of yeast, is by far the most extensively studied model of a eukaryote because although it is one of the simplest eukaryotes, its basic cellular processes resemble those of higher organisms. In addition, yeast is a commercially valuable organism for ethanol production. Since the yeast data can be extrapolated to the important aspects of higher organisms, many researchers have studied yeast metabolism under various conditions. In this report, we analyzed and compared metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under salt and pH stresses of various strengths by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A total of 31 metabolites were identified for most of the samples. The levels of many identified metabolites showed gradual or drastic increases or decreases depending on the severity of the stresses involved. The statistical analysis produced a holistic outline: pH stresses were clustered together, but salt stresses were spread out depending on the severity. This work could provide a link between the metabolite profiles and mRNA or protein profiles under representative and well studied stress conditions.

Tracing Metabolite Footsteps of Escherichia coli Along the Time Course of Recombinant Protein Expression by Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

Chae, Young Kee,Kim, Seol Hyun,Ellinger, James J.,Markley, John L. Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

The recombinant expression of proteins has been the method of choice to meet the demands from proteomics and structural genomics studies. Despite its successful production of many heterologous proteins, Escherichia coli failed to produce many other proteins in their native forms. This may be related to the fact that the stresses resulting from the overproduction interfere with cellular processes. To better understand the physiological change during the overproduction phase, we profiled the metabolites along the time course of the recombinant protein expression. We identified 32 metabolites collected from different time points in the protein production phase. The stress induced by protein production can be characterized by (A) the increased usage of aspartic acid, choline, glycerol, and N-acetyllysine; and (B) the accumulation of adenosine, alanine, oxidized glutathione, glycine, N-acetylputrescine, and uracil. We envision that this work can be used to create a strategy for the production of usable proteins in large quantities.

Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Predictive Control of a Grid Connected Wind Power Systems with Integrated Active Power Filter Capabilities

Hamouda, Noureddine,Benalla, Hocine,Hemsas, Kameleddine,Babes, Badreddine,Petzoldt, Jurgen,Ellinger, Thomas,Hamouda, Cherif The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.6

This paper proposes a real-time implementation of an optimal operation of a double stage grid connected wind power system incorporating an active power filter (APF). The system is used to supply the nonlinear loads with harmonics and reactive power compensation. On the generator side, a new adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is proposed to track the maximum wind power point regardless of wind speed fluctuations. Whereas on the grid side, a modified predictive current control (PCC) algorithm is used to control the APF, and allow to ensure both compensating harmonic currents and injecting the generated power into the grid. Also a type 2 fuzzy logic controller is used to control the DC-link capacitor in order to improve the dynamic response of the APF, and to ensure a well-smoothed DC-Link capacitor voltage. The gained benefits from these proposed control algorithms are the main contribution in this work. The proposed control scheme is implemented on a small-scale wind energy conversion system (WECS) controlled by a dSPACE 1104 card. Experimental results show that the proposed T2FLC maintains the DC-Link capacitor voltage within the limit for injecting the power into the grid. In addition, the PCC of the APF guarantees a flexible settlement of real power exchanges from the WECS to the grid with a high power factor operation.

Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Predictive Control of a Grid Connected Wind Power Systems with Integrated Active Power Filter Capabilities

Noureddine Hamouda,Hocine Benalla,Kameleddine Hemsas,Badreddine Babes,Jurgen Petzoldt,Thomas Ellinger,Cherif Hamouda 전력전자학회 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.6

This paper proposes a real-time implementation of an optimal operation of a double stage grid connected wind power system incorporating an active power filter (APF). The system is used to supply the nonlinear loads with harmonics and reactive power compensation. On the generator side, a new adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is proposed to track the maximum wind power point regardless of wind speed fluctuations. Whereas on the grid side, a modified predictive current control (PCC) algorithm is used to control the APF, and allow to ensure both compensating harmonic currents and injecting the generated power into the grid. Also a type 2 fuzzy logic controller is used to control the DC-link capacitor in order to improve the dynamic response of the APF, and to ensure a well-smoothed DC-Link capacitor voltage. The gained benefits from these proposed control algorithms are the main contribution in this work. The proposed control scheme is implemented on a small-scale wind energy conversion system (WECS) controlled by a dSPACE 1104 card. Experimental results show that the proposed T2FLC maintains the DC-Link capacitor voltage within the limit for injecting the power into the grid. In addition, the PCC of the APF guarantees a flexible settlement of real power exchanges from the WECS to the grid with a high power factor operation.

A Spray-Processable, Low Bandgap, and Ambipolar Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymer

Steckler, Timothy T.,Zhang, Xuan,Hwang, Jungseek,Honeyager, Ryan,Ohira, Shino,Zhang, Xiao-Hong,Grant, Adrian,Ellinger, Stefan,Odom, Susan A.,Sweat, Daniel,Tanner, David B.,Rinzler, Andrew G.,Barlow, S American Chemical Society 2009 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.131 No.8

Local Policymaking in Sport: Sport Managers’ Perspectives on Work Processes and Impact

Remco Hoekman,Agnes Elling,Hugo van der Poel 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2022 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.7 No.1

In this study we sought a better understanding of the develop- ment and functioning of local sport policy, from the perspective of local sport managers (LSMs). Local sport budgets in the Netherlands continue to be allocated mainly to sport facilities (85% of sport budgets), despite increasing interest in the instru- mental value of sport, particularly to achieve health and welfare objectives. This seems to produce somewhat of a mismatch between wider policy discourse and local sport policy. We studied LSMs’ perspectives on recent changes in sport policy, and how these relate to changes in the environment (from a socio-eco- logical perspective), alongside LSMs’ actual practices, policy values and personal beliefs regarding effective sport policy and social impact. For this purpose we conducted nine semi-structured inter- views with LSMs from different municipalities in the Netherlands. This was to illuminate ‘the walk’ in local sport policy, rather than only ‘the talk’ (i.e., the line set out in policy documents). We con- clude that the day-to-day work of LSMs was indeed influenced by developments in the broader environment (particularly, austerity measures, organizational restructuring and changed national poli- cies and related discourses). However, the focus of LSMs’ activities remained on ensuring a good sport facility infrastructure, as a necessary precondition to utilize the instrumental value of sport. The LSMs expressed a belief in the goodness of sport and tried to ‘sell’ this to other departments. Yet, they exhibited little critical reflection on (preconditions for) effective sport policy and the need for policy monitoring and evaluation.

Ex vivo Digestion of Milk from Red Chittagong Cattle Focusing Proteolysis and Lipolysis

Islam, Mohammad Ashiqul,Ekeberg, Dag,Rukke, Elling-Olav,Vegarud, Gerd Elisabeth Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.4

Ex vivo digestion of proteins and fat in Red Chittagong Cattle milk from Bangladesh was carried out using human gastrointestinal enzymes. This was done to investigate the protein digestion in this bovine breed's milk with an especial focus on the degradation of the allergenic milk proteins; ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and also to record the generation of peptides. Lipolysis of the milk fat and release of fatty acids were also under consideration. After 40 min of gastric digestion, all the ${\alpha}_s$-caseins were digested completely while ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin remained intact. During 120 min of duodenal digestion ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin was reduced, however, still some intact ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin was observed. The highest number of peptides was identified from ${\beta}$-casein and almost all the peptides from ${\kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin were identified from the gastric and duodenal samples, respectively. No lipolysis was observed in the gastric phase of digestion. After 120 min of duodenal digestion, milk fat showed 48% lipolysis. Medium (C10:0 to C16:0) and long (${\geq}C17:0$) chain fatty acids showed 6% to 19% less lipolysis than the short (C6:0 to C8:0) chain fatty acids. Among the unsaturated fatty acids $C18:1{\sum}others$ showed highest lipolysis (81%) which was more than three times of $C18:2{\sum}all$ and all other unsaturated fatty acids showed lipolysis ranging from 32% to 38%. The overall digestion of Bangladeshi Red Cattle milk was more or less similar to the digestion of Nordic bovine milk (Norwegian Red Cattle).