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Elhag, Osama A.O.,Hu, Xiao-Jing,Wen-Ying, Zhang,Li, Xiong,Yuan, Yong-Ze,Deng, Ling-Feng,Liu, De-Li,Liu, Ying-Le,Hui, Geng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8
Background: The negative signaling provided by interactions of the co-inhibitory molecule, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), is a critical mechanism contributing to tumor evasion; blockade of this pathway has been proven to enhance cytotoxic activity and mediate antitumor therapy. Here we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of AAV-mediated delivery of the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 (sPD-1) to a tumor site. Material and Methods: An rAAV vector was constructed in which the expression of sPD-1, a known negative regulator of TCR signals, is driven by human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV-P), using a triple plasmid transfection system. Tumor-bearing mice were then treated with the AAV/sPD1 construct and expression of sPD-1 in tumor tissues was determined by semi quantitative RT-PCR, and tumor weights and cytotoxic activity of splenocytes were measured. Results: Analysis of tumor homogenates revealed sPD-1 mRNA to be significantly overexpressed in rAAV/sPD-1 treated mice as compared with control levels. Its use for local gene therapy at the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit tumor growth, also enhancing lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with an antigen. In addition, PD-1 was also found expressed on the surfaces of activated CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: This study confirmed that expression of the soluble extracellular domain of PD-1 molecule could reduce tumor microenvironment inhibitory effects on T cells and enhance cytotoxicity. This suggests that it might be a potential target for development of therapies to augment T-cell responses in patients with malignancies.
JIN YAN,차승만,Lee Jinmoo,Elhag Mousab Siddig,홍성태,이영하 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.46
This study compared the anthelminthic effects of three different brands of praziquantel being used in Sudan against Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) infection. We enrolled 1,286 schoolchildren from six primary schools and examined their urine samples for eggs of S. haematobium at the baseline survey and follow-up two weeks after administering the medication. The schoolchildren were divided into three groups based on the three brands of praziquantel (different material production), with two school children for one brand. The overall baseline prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 15.5%. Two weeks after treatment with brands A, B, and C of praziquantel, cure rates were 87.1%, 82.4% and 83.8% respectively, and the egg-reduction rates were 69.0%, 81.0% and 70.6% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in cure rates and egg-reduction rates between the three brands. We conclude that the three different commercial brands of praziquantel used in Sudan have similar anthelminthic effects on S. haematobium.
M. KHALED,M. GAD EL RAB,F. HACHEM,H. ELHAGE,A. ELMARAKBI,F. HARAMBAT,H. PEERHOSSAINI 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.4
Fans are often tested without downstream blockage and, thus, the performance is considerably different when the fan is mounted in a vehicle as part of a cooling system and where high blockage effect is present downstream. The aim of the present work is to analyze by laser Doppler velocimetry LDV measurements the topology of the flow induced by a fan incorporated in a simplified underhood model reproducing engine blockage and to study the blockage effect of the engine positioning on the flow induced by the fan. The distance between the fan and the engine block affects the mean flow axial velocity U. The vertical velocity component W is greatly influenced by the variation of the distance between the fan and the engine block, both in magnitude and topology.
The Effect of Sc Promoter on the Performance of Co/TiO2–P25 Catalyst in Dry Reforming of Methane
Ahmed Sadeq Al-Fatesh,Muhammad Awais Naeem,Anis Hamza Fakeeha,Ahmed Elhag Abasaeed 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.8
In the present work, the effect of scandium (Sc) promoter on the performance of Co/TiO2–P25 catalyst in dry reforming of methane has been investigated. The catalysts were prepared by the incipient wet impregnation technique. For each catalyst, the Co loading was fixed at 5 wt %, while the Sc loading was varied from 0.0 to 2.0 wt %. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a micro tubular reactor at a temperature of 700 °C. For better understanding and comparison, the catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), CO2-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The results revealed that the promotion of Co/TiO2–P25 catalyst with Sc has a significant impact on its catalytic performance and the amount of carbon deposition. The doping of Co/TiO2–P25 catalyst with Sc improves the basicity and enhances the metal support interaction in the catalyst. At higher Sc loading, Co metal oxidation became substantial that triggered severe catalyst deactivation. Amongst all Sc-promoted catalysts, 0.75 wt % Sc-promoted catalyst exhibited the highest CH4 and CO2 activity with minimum deactivation.
김연,차승만,김영진,Hamdan Mustafa Hamdan Ali,Mousab Siddig Elhag,Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail,이건훈,홍성태 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.1
Global efforts to identify groups at high risk for schistosomiasis have mainly concentrated on identifying their geographical distribution. Investigations on the socioeconomic characteristics of high-risk groups are relatively scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between schistosomiasis among students and their parents’ occupations. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting 105,167 students in 1,772 primary schools across Sudan in 2017. From these students, 100,726 urine and 96,634 stool samples were collected to test for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection. A multi-level mixed effect analysis was used with age and sex as fixed factors, and school as a random factor. The odd ratios (ORs) of practicing open defecation among farmers’ children were almost 5 times higher than their counterparts whose parents were government officials (OR=4.97, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.57-5.42, P<0.001). The ORs of contacting water bodies for watering livestock among farmers’ children were more than 4 times higher than those of children whose parents were government officials (OR=4.59, 95% CIs: 4.02-5.24, P<0.001). This study shows that schistosomiasis represents a disease of poverty and that farmers’ children constituted a high-risk group.
차승만,홍성태,이진수,Hoo-Gn Jeong,권인선,Abd Al Wahab Saed,Mousab Siddig Elhag,Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail,Mutamad Amin,이영하 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.58 No.4
This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, school-aged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.