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Oscar Nnaemeka Obidiegwu,Jude Ejikeme Obidiegwu,Heiko Parzies 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.5
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is an underutilized food and forage crop with immense potential in improving global food security. In this study sequence data were mined at the database of NCBI with the aim of developing polymorphic nucleotide and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) simple sequence repeat markers. Successful amplification was visualized on 3 % agarose gel. The selected 12 candidate markers were further used to characterize available 155 core collections. A total number of 198 alleles with an average of 16.5 alleles per loci were discovered. Heterozygosity (H) ranged between 0.05 (UHSi-173) to 0.23 (UH-Si-487) with a mean average of 0.16. Gene diversity ranged from 0.15 (UHSi-766) to 0.96 (UHSi-500), with an average value of 0.80 across the populations. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.15 (UH-Si-766) to 0.96 (UH-Si-500) with a mean value of 0.79. A positive correlation (r = 0.720; P\0.01) was found between the PIC and the number of alleles. Weighted neighbor joining dendrogram generated seven major clusters. More polymorphism was detected with the nucleotides derived microsatellites when compared to the ESTs derived microsatellites. This result shows that the morphological and phenotypic descriptors used for the development of the 155 core collections of foxtail millet was optimal enough to capture as much diversity. The newly developed markers in this study are quite informative and recommended for future genetic studies in the species and close related genera.
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Owembabazi Elna,Nkomozepi Pilani,Mbajiorgu Ejikeme F. 한국독성학회 2024 Toxicological Research Vol.40 No.1
Diabetes, alcohol abuse, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) use have been reported to cause multi-organ complications via induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, these are the most common factors implicated in male reproductive dysfunctions. This study evaluated testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and germ cell proliferation in diabetic rats receiving alcohol or cART and their combination. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of six rats; control, diabetic only (DM), diabetic treated with alcohol (DM + A), diabetic treated with cART (DM + cART), and diabetic treated with both alcohol and cART (DM + A + cART). After 90 days of treatment, the rats were terminated, and the testes were extracted and processed for immunohistochemistry analysis for oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and cell proliferation marker. In comparison to the control, oxidative stress markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) increased significantly in all treated groups. Expression of testicular proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated in all treated groups, but interleukin-6 was upregulated in DM, DM + cART, and DM + A + cART treated groups and was downregulated in the DM + A treated group. All treated animal groups showed an upregulation of apoptotic marker (caspase 3) and a downregulation of proliferation marker (Ki-67). However, Ki-67 staining intensity significantly increased in treated animals compared to the control. These findings suggest that diabetes, alcohol abuse, cART use, and their combination via iNOS activity upregulation can induce inflammation and oxidative stress in testicular tissue, stimulating germ cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition leading to failure of spermatogenesis.
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Elna Owembabazi,Pilani Nkomozepi,Tanya Calvey,Ejikeme Felix Mbajiorgu 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.2
Alcohol consumption alongside combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has attracted research interest,especially because of increasing male infertility. This study investigated the combined effects of alcohol and cART on testicular morphology, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Rats, weighing 330–370 g, were divided into four groups of six animals each; control, alcohol treated (A), cART, and alcohol plus cART treated (A+cART). Following 90 days treatment period, animals were euthanized, testis extracted, and routinely processed for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. Significantly decreased epithelial area fraction, increased luminal and connective tissue area fractions, and reduction of epithelial height and spermatocyte number, were recorded in the treated groups compared to control. Extensive seminiferous epithelial lesions including widened intercellular space, karyolysis, and sloughing of germinal epithelium were recorded in all the treated groups. Furthermore, upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, interleukin-6, and caspase 3 recorded in treated animals, was more significant in A+cART group. Also, the levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were more elevated in A and cART treated groups than in A+cART, while MDA was significantly elevated in cART and A+cART treated groups compared to control group. Altogether, the results indicate testicular toxicity of the treatments. It is concluded that consuming alcohol or cART induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testis of rats, which lead to testicular structural and functional derangements, which are exacerbated when alcohol and cART are consumed concurrently. The result will invaluably assist clinicians in management of reproductive dysfunctions in male HIV/AIDS-alcoholic patients on cART.
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Some physical properties and oxidative stability of biodiesel produced from oil seed crops
Fatai Abiola Lateef,Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli,Uche Chukwu Okoro,Paul Madus Ejikeme,Paul Jere 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.5
Biodiesel is a cleaner burning fuel than petrodiesel and a suitable replacement in diesel engine. It is producedfrom renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel fuel was prepared from castor (CSO), palmkernel (PKO) and groundnut (GNO) oils through alkali transesterification reaction. The biodiesel produced was characterizedas alternative diesel fuel. Fuel properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, calorific (combustion) value, TheCSO, PKO and GNO were measured to evaluate the storage/oxidative stability of the oils to compare them with commercialpetrodiesel. The biodiesel produced had good fuel properties with respect to ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214specification standards, except that the kinematic viscosity of castor oil biodiesel was too low. The viscosity of castoroil biodiesel at different temperatures was in the range of 4.12-7.21mm2/s. However, promising results which conformedto the above specification standards were realized when castor oil biodiesel was blended with commercial petrodiesel. At 28 oC the specific gravity recorded for CSO, PKO and GNO biodiesel was higher than the values obtained forpetrodiesel. Commercial petrodiesel had the highest oxidative stability than biodiesel produced from CSO, PKO andGNO oils.
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