결절 홍반

원덕환,김영근 한국의학사 2000 診斷과治療 Vol.20 No.6

화운데이션 소재의 열 및 수분 전달 특성이 보온율에 미치는 영향

류덕환,정명선 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2003 科學論集 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of warmth ratio of heat and moisture transfer characteristics of foundation wear. For the study, five foundation knitted fabrics with different fiber types and blend ratio were selected. Heat and moisture transfer characteristics and mechanical characteristics of foundation knitted fabrics were measured by hot plate method, evaporation cup method, respectively. In addition, five all-in-one were made with five foundation knitted fabrics and the thermal resistance of them was measured by the thermal manikin. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The keeping warmth ratio of f1 and f5 were about 29% and significantly higher than the others(p <0.05). The reason for this was that f1 and f5 were made with the cotton and spun yarn which was bulker and had more dead air within their yam structure than the others made with synthetic filament yarns. However, the water moisture transmission rate of f2, f3 and f4 were a littler higher than that of f1 and f2 because of hydrophobic characteristics and high air permeability of synthetic yarn structures(f2, f3 and f4). 2. The thermal resistance of all-in-one made by f1 and f5 were higher than the others. This was the same result with the keeping warmth ratio of foundation knitted fabrics.

도시와 농촌 비둘기 및 인체혈액중의 Vanadium 농도 산정에 관한 연구

문덕환,김준연,김정균 인제대학교 1985 仁濟論叢 Vol.1 No.1

This experiment determined the vanadium concentration in pigeon liver and lung tissues from rural and urban areas and .in bloods of workers (male 20, female 6) by carbon furnace Atomic Absorption spectrometry. The purpose of this experiment was in investigating the status of vanadium pollution in atmosphere. The summarized results were as follows : 1.The mean concentration of vanadium in pigeon liver and lung tissues from rural areas was 36.9±2.04ppb and 58.9±2.94ppb, respectively. 2.The mean concentration of vanadium in pigeon liver and lung tissues from urban areas was 64.0±2.62ppb and 91.7±4.26ppb, respectively. 3.The mean concentration of vanadium in pigeon liver and lung tissues from urban areas was more higher than that of rural (P〈0.05). 4.The mean concentration of vanadium in blood of workers(male 20, female 6) was 23.7±3.48ppb.

Poly(ρ-phenylenesulfide)와 Poly(ρ-phenylene)으로부터 제조된 탄소의 리튬 이온 2차전지 anode 재료로서의 전기화학적 특성

유덕영,이주성,박수길,변지형,류신환,정윤이 한양대학교 에너지·환경기술연구소 1998 에너지·環境技術論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Poly(p-phenylenesulfide)와 poly(p-phenylene)으로부터 제조된 탄소를 리튬이온 2차전지용 음극재료로 사용하여 전기화학적특성을 연구하였다. 이들 고분자들을 질소 분위기하에서 승온속도 2℃/min로 1000℃까지 상승시킨 후, 1시간 동안 탄화시켜 탄소를 제조하였다. Poly(p-phenylene)으로부터 제조된 탄소가 보다 더 규칙적인 구조를 가지기 때문에 Poly(p-phenylenesulfide)으로부터 제조된 탄소보다 더 많은 용량과 충방전 효율을 나타내었다. 수산화리튬과 염화주석(Ⅱ)을 첨가하여 용량의 증가와 충방전 효율의 증가를 가져올 수 있었다. 이중에서 poly(p-phenylene)에 염화주석(Ⅱ)을 첨가시켜 제조된 탄소가 가장 큰 충방전 용량과 충방전 효율의 향상을 가져왔다. Carbon inaterials manufactured from poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(p-phenylene), were studied on electrochemical characteristics as anode materials for lithium ion secondary battery. These polymer precursors were heat treated for 1hr at 1000℃ with the rate 2℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Carbon manufactured from poly(p-phenylene) showed higher capacity and coulomb efficiency of charge/discharge than carbon from poly(p-phenylene sulfide) because the former has better ordered structure. Carbon manufactured from polymer precursors adding stannous chloride or lithium hydroxide showed higher capacity and better efficiency of charge/discharge. Also, carbon manufactured by adding stannous chloride to poly(p-phenylene) showed the highest capacity and efficiency of charge/discharge.

투습방수소재의 주관적 촉감 평가에 관한 연구

류덕환,조지현 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of subjective handle by consumers in waterproof and water vapor permeable coated fabrics. The survey was conducted by means of the sensory test during Jan. 15 to Mar. 15, 1999. Total 4032 data were collected including male, female, no major, and major people who are studying clothing and textile in college. Handle were observed by subjective method as the washing was repeated for 4 kinds of material which have different water vapor transmission, and the change of water vapor transmission each others. The data were analysed for t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, and Duncan multiple test. Consumers evaluated that water and water vapor permeable coated fabrics were less elasticity. There were little difference in wrinkles, thickness, and luster for polar adjective words. Clearer evaluation was shown by female group or major group than others. The results of factor analyses for 18 polar adjective words on subjective handle test yielded 4 factors, that were 'elastic property', 'surface property', 'thickness and weight property' and 'thermal and rigid property'. The surface properties were deteriorated remarkably as washing was repeated and significant difference were observed. Significant differences of subjective handle in 4 factors were shown in fabric types.

무기계 항균제(Ag-ZA)의 항균력에 관한 조사

조덕제,정숙현,박동근,신춘환 東西大學校 1996 동서논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Zeolite-Na에 Ag이온을 치환시켜 제조한 무기계 항균제를 이용하여 식품의 부패나 식중독을 초래할 수 있는 5종의 세균에 대한 항균력을 조사하였다. 이 들 5종에 대한 최소 저해 농도는 Escherichia coli는 0.1%이상, Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 0.01%, Klebsiella pneumoniae는 0.05%, Staphylococcus aureus와 Bacillus subtlis는 0.03%로 나타났다. 이 들 세균에 대한 0.1%의 Ag-ZA 첨가에서의 살균효과는 90%의 균 사멸시간으로 나타낼 때 Escherichia coli는 70분, Bacillus subtlis는 92분, Staphylococcus aureus는 111분, Klebsiella pneumoniae는 158분, Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 231분으로 나타났고, Ag-ZA 첨가량의 증가에 따른 사멸 속도의 변화는 Gram 음성균에서는 속도의 증가가 나타나지만 Gram 양성균에서는 속도의 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. The investigation of antimicrobial activity on the Ag-ZA which is prepared by ion exchanging between Zeolite-Na and Ag ion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations are 0.01% for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.05% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 0.03% for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtlis. 90% sterilization time with 0.1% Ag-ZA are 70min., 92min., 111min., 158min., 231min. for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtlis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The sterilization effect is more important in gram neative bacteria than gram positive bacteria.

證券投資信託의 成果測定에 관한 實證的 硏究

盧德煥 군산대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

1.Introduction Lately security investment trust is prevailing in Korea, so it is very useful to measure the portfolio performance of investment trust in Korea.For this study I selected 65 stock - typed investment trust funds and utilized several models of Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen and Fama.This paper purports not only to help our fund managers to construct and manage the security investment trust portfolio but also to help our policy - maker to control the investment trust companies. 2.Modeling and Sampling For this test, I selected 65 stock-typed investment trust funds and utilized 4 models as follows Model 1 ; Sharpe's index ; *****(p.436) Model 2 ; Treynor's index ; ***** Model 3 ; Jensen's α ; (RP-RF)-(RM-RF)·βP Model 4 ; Fama's NS ; RP-[RF+(RM-RF)·βT] and time span of each data(RP, RM, RF)is one month from Jan.1980 to Dec.1987. 3.Conclusions In this paper I found the following results : (1)Our fund managers had not outperformed more than the overall stock market because of their lack of forecasting abilities. (2)The systematic risk of investment trust is not changed according to market conditions. (3)The rank correlation of performance measurement of investment trust is objectively appropriate. (4)The performance difference among investment trusts does not exist.

組織開發과 組織革新에 관한 硏究

차덕환 京畿大學校 韓國産業經濟硏究所 1996 産業硏究 Vol.7 No.-

The modern times, in the rapid changes of social situation, is the era with dynamic change of organization and requires the flexibility of the organizaiton. The current environment to secure a certain level of security for the organization does not exit anymore. Any organization such as a decided and sage organization in this era. The organization is changing and to be cchanged constantly for the safety and survival of it. The change is not made only inside the organization. The change of the organization is connected to the in-and-out flow of the Network. Likewise, our some "Commonsense" about the organization is now being changed constantly. In the past, and organization without liquidity was regarded best, but in the present, the utilization of that liquity is valued continuously. Then, What makes the organization rebirth and endows it with a flexible leaping power? This study will research and analyze thecorrelations between the organization development and the organization change, which can an organization get over the disturbance wityout inclining too far toward the Ideal. Besides, I will analyze the organization developing strategy for the organizational change and present the direction of corporate organization developing strategy in 21th century by analyzing the case of organization change and evaluation of it 1. Suggestive points of this research (1) External side view of the organization 1) The recognition of the organiztion developing executive strategy for the change of the organization is essential to the survival of the organization. 2) We must grasp the strong and weak points of the organization, developing the advantageous side view of the surrounding environment and the strong points of the organization of the attitude of employees, the identity, the atmosphere and the objective of the organization (2) Internal side view of the organization 1) The recognition of executive administrators and managing stsffs is very impourant. It may have a great efforts of the overall atmosphere and attitude of the organization. 2) Securing and upbring special staffs to satisgy the change of environment is necessary. 3) The harmonization of communication is essential. 2. The paradigm of the change of the organization hereafter. Many unexpected accidents may happen in the upcoming 21th century. We can confidently forecast the that researches for each individual and the organization will be more imporetant than ever. Especially in the corporate, global study organization will be the most spotlight. What does the power of the global study-organization suggest? I intent to make the conclusion of this research by suggesting four views even though they are different each other. 1) As the new paradigm for the survival of the organization is presented and processed, project-centered, horizontal and systematic orhanization willappear. 2) As a mutual operating study-organization, high learning, high play, appropriate structure, appropriate control and authentic community will be valued. 3) Organization will be changed as a flexible, transformed organization which can transform itself various like an ameba to adjust the environment and cope with the external pressure. 4) Human study and devdlopment will be the most valued as anobjective of the actual spot of labor. Study and development will be a major objective and a real goal of the organization.

"Blow-out골절"의 임상적 고찰(54례)

안덕선,한승규,구상환,한재식 大韓成形外科學會 1995 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.22 No.5

This retrospective study includes consecutive 54 Blow-out fractures patients to whom underwent surgical correction (June 1988-Feb 1994) and 25 patients have been followed up for more than 1 year. The diagnoses of blow out fracture was made through a physical examination, X-ray, and CT and It is confirmed at the time of surgery. Initial physical examination revealed limitation of ocular motion and diplopia in all 25 patients, and infraorbial nerve hypoestesia in 18 patients, and enophthalmos in 1 patient. There were 27 patients who had associated ocular injury including subconjunctival hemorrhage, angle recession and iris sphincter damage. and the three most common causes of blow-out fractures were traffic accident, fist blow and fall down. The latent period between injury and surgical intervention was average of 8 days and the longest time was 12 days. Surgical approach was done by subciliary incision and autogenous (10 cases) or synthetic (37 cases) implant was inserted over the fracture site in 47 patients. The floor and medial wall of orbit were the frequent site of blow-out fracture in this retrospective study. Among 28 patients who have been followed up for more than 1 year, 3 patients had diplopia persistently which developed only when the patient was tired, and 5 patients had late developed enophthalmos. We found that early surgical reduction of blow-out fracture with implant gave a favorable results without any significant complications.

정전 열 접합을 이용한 Multi-Substrate Bonding

이덕중,주병권,최우범,한정인,조경익,이광배,장진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

We performed silicon-to-glass bonding using silicon direct bonding followed by anodic bonding(SDAB). Initial bonding between glass and silicon was caused by the hydrophilic surfaces of silicon and glass ensemble using silicon direct bonding(SDB) method. We found that the bonded specimen using SDAB process had higher strength than one using anodic bonding process only. We performed multiple layer bonding by SDAB, which is glass- silicon -glass as sandwich structure. In the silicon wafer, the (1mm x 2mm x 500μm)-sized cavity was formed by the anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate in EPW(Ethylendiamin-Pyrocatechol-Water). And, the cavity was sealed with glass wafers by SDAB method.