Pl을 이용한 소형직류 전동기의 속도제어에 관한 연구

朴斗烈 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1983 硏究報告 Vol.7 No.2

This paper deal with problem to speed control of small DC Motor. First, We construct entire PI controller system and then simulate to linear model with operational amplifier. Here, in order to applies to small DC motor this theorem, We simplified entire model and obtainits transfer function. We compare with other time constant to response charactristic by properly choosing time contant (T_(c)) of Pl controller.

Bacillus sp. Ye-1213이 생산하는 chitinase의 동정, 분리정제 및 특성

오두환,허남윤,백무열 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

국내 해변 연안의 해변의 토양으로부터 chitinase 활성이 우수한 균주를 분리하고 동정하여 Bacillus sp. YE-1213으로 명명하였다. Chitinase를 생산하기 위한 최적 배양조건은 1.0%(w/v, dry base) Colloidal chitin, 1.0%(w/v) Tryptone, 0.05%(w/v) MgSo₄·7H₂O, pH 8.0, 30℃, 배양시간 48시간이었다. 효소는 (NH₄)₂SO₄분별침전, affinity adsorption, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration의 과정을 거쳐 정제한 결과 비활성 81.32units/mg, 정제도 16.7배, 수율은 15.8%이었다. 정제된 효소는 최적 반응조건은 pH 6.0, 40℃ 이었으며, 온도에 대한 효소안전성은 40℃까지는 매우 안정하였고 pH에 대한 안정성은 pH 5.0-9.0에서 안정하였다. 정제된 효소의 Km 값은 1.74mg/ml이었고 PCMB, I₂, ?? ion, ?? ion 에 의해 저해되었으며 ?? ion, ?? ion 및 ?? ion 에 의해 1.21배, 1.12배, 1.18배의 효소활성이 증가하였다. A bacterium with the highest chitinase activity selected from the soil and identified as a Bacillus sp. YE-1213. The optimal condition for the production of chitinase was as follows; 1.0% (w/v, dry base) colloidal chitin, 1.0%(w/v) tryptone, 0.05%(w/v) MgSO₄·7H₂O, pH8.0, 30℃, 48 hrs. The chitinase was purified about 16.7 folds by ammonium sulfate fraction, affinity adsorption and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 40℃ and pH 6.0. The enzyme was stable between pH 5.0-9.0 and up to 40℃. Its activity was activated by ??, ??, and ?? while inhibited by PCMB, I₂, ?? and ??.

허혈 및 재관류후 흰쥐 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 나타나는 미세구조와 SOD 활성의 변화

백두진,안동춘,황규성,김혜주,박철홍,정호삼,조근열 대한체질인류학회 1999 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.12 No.2

에너지 획득방법, 당원의 분포, 모세혈관의 분포 및 미세구조의 차이가 나는 백색근육섬유와 적색근육섬유에서 허혈시간에 따라 나타나는 미세구조의 변화와 SOD의 활성변동을 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 앞정강근에서는 2시간 허혈시 사립체에서 바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하고 사립체능선이 팽대하였고, 재관류 24시간 경과시에는 근육원섬유사이의 거리가 멀어지고 근육세포질세망의 수조와 종말수조가 팽대하였으며 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 정상대조군과 유사한 소견이 나타났다. 2. 가자미근에서 2시간 허혈시 사립체에서는 사렵체바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하였으며, 재관류 24 시간 경과시는 근육세포질세망의 수조가 팽대하였고, 재관류 72시간 경과시에는 정상대조군과 유사하였다. 3. 4시간 및 6시간 허혈시 미세구조의 변화는 허혈시간과 재관류 시간경과에 따라 심해져 앞정강근에서는 사립체에서 바탕질의 전자밀도가 감소하고 사렵체능선은 불분명하고 소용돌이소체가 나타났으며 근육원섬유 용해와 곤육원섬유괴사가 관찰되었다. 가자미근에서는 근육원섬유에서 근육미세섬유의 배열과 끝가로막이 불규칙해지고 근육세포질세망의 수조가 팽대하였으며 근육원섬유용해가 나타났다. 4. 앞정강근에서 Cu, Zn-및 Mn-SOD 활성은 미약한 흑은 약한 양성반응을 나타내었고, 가자미근에서는 Cu, Zn-SOD는 미약한 양성반응을, Mn-SOD 는 미약한 혹은 약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 허혈후 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD 의 활성은 허혈시간이 길수록 더욱 증가하였다. 5. Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD 활성은 2시간 허혈 및 재관류 24 시간 경과시 약간 증가하였으며 72시간 경과시에는 앞정강근과 가자미근에서 정상대조군과 유사하게 나타났다. 6. 4시간 및 6시간 허혈 및 재관류후 두 근육에서 Cu, Zn- 및 Mn-SOD활성은 증가하였다. 두 근육에서 Mn-SOD의 활성변동은 유사하였으나 Cu, Zn- Mn-SOD의 활성증가는 앞정강근보다 가자미근에서 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 허혈 및 재관류 손상은 허혈시간과 재관류시간 경과에 따라 심하게 나타났고 가자미근보다 앞정강근에서 심하게 나타났으며, 손상의 차이는 두 근육에서 나타나는 SOD활성변동과 깊은 연관이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Skeletal muscles are known to have tolerance to ischemia, but a prolonged ischemia can cause damage to muscular tissues. The ischemia-reperfusion injury results from the oxygen free radicals released by leucocytes and formed by the reaction of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of major antioxidant enzymes occurring in the various tissues of the body metabolizes or scarvanges the oxygen free radicals. Although many studies reported difference in tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion between white and red muscles, some other investigators failed in finding such difference. The present study was performed to examine effects of graded periods of ischemia and reperfusion on the cellular ultrastructure and activity of SOD in white and red muscles. The Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g) were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbita] (50 mg/kg IP) anesthesia, incision was made on lower abdomen and left common iliac artery was occluded by means of a vascular clamp for 2, 4 and 6 hour (hrs). Thereafter, the superficial portion of mid-belly of anterior tibial muscle and soleus muscles were excised at 0, 24 and 72 hrs after onset of reperfusion. The specimens were sectioned into slices, 2 mm in length, 1 mm in width and thickness. Some specimens were prepared for electron microscopic observation and others for determination of SOD activity by using antihuman CU, Zn- and Mn-SOD antibodies. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In anterior tibial muscle, areas with loose electron-density and dilated cristae were observed in the mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while widened intermyofibrillar spaces and dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were seen after 2 hrs and 24 hrs reperfusion. When subjected to 2 hrs ischemia and 72 hrs reperfusion, no significant change was found in the cellular ultrastructure. 2. In soleus muscle, electron density was loose in the matrix of mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were dilalated after 2 hrs of ischemia and 24 hrs reperfusion. Following 2 hrs of ischemia and 72 hrs repeifusion, the electron microscopic findings were similar to those of normal rats. 3. The changes in cellular ultrastructure were more prominent in both the 4 hrs and 6 hrs ischemia groups, in which degree of ultrastructural changes were proportional to duration of reperfusion. 4. In anterior tibial muscle, trace or weak immunoreactivities of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD were seen, whereas trace immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD and trace or weak immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were observed in soleus muscle. 5. The immunoreactivities of CU, Zn- and Mn-SOD were not altered in 2 hrs ischemic and 72 hrs reperfused group, while they were increased slightly in 2 hrs ischemic and 24 hrs reperfused group. 6. In both muscles, the activity of SOD increased following 4 hrs or 6 hrs ischemia and 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion. The changes in immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were not different between two muscles, whereas immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD were higher in anterior tibial muscle. Consequently, it is suggested that significant ischemia reperfusion injuries are produced after 4 ~ 6 hrs ishemia followed by 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion, that anterior tibial muscle is more susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury and that the ischemic-reperfusion injury is closely related with activity of SOD.

단기간 크레아틴 구강투여가 최대근력 및 신체조성에 미치는 영향

가경환,배두열,신민철 한국스포츠리서치 2001 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of shout-term oral creatine administration of maximum strength and body composition. For this purpose, specialists in yudo and undergraduates in 'Y' University were selected as the subjects of this study and 5 persons were each randomly assigned to the group of training plus creatine, to the group of only training and to the group of only creatine administration. They were asked to ingest 20g of creatine with ionized beverage and water after breakfast, lunch and supper and before bedtime(5g x 4 times) everyday for 6 days. They was asked to conduct weight training three time a week, and sports events included bench press, leg extension, leg curl, arm curl, shoulder press and the like. The repeated them at the workload of 70∼80% of I-RM and conducted each motion in three sets. To measure muscular strength as the variable to be tested, an attempt was made to measure bench press I-RM, leg extension I-RM, leg curl I-RM, arm cur I-RM, shoulder press I-RM before and after training. An attempt was made to determine such factors related to body compostion as weight, body fat amount and body fat ratio using the Inbody 3.0 Body Compostion Analyzer. Creatine analysis was conduct through creatine in urine by using the biochemical analyzer(Model-Ha TACHI 747/737, HITACHI CO. Japen). Repeated two-way ANOVA was used to analyze data. Hypotheses were tested at the significance level of d=.05. As a result, the following results were obtained: 1. It was found that both of the groups showed a significant defference in bench press, leg extension, leg curl, arm curl, shoulder press, incline bench press, should machine, sit-up I-RMs before and after participation in short-run weight training(p<.05). But there was no difference in them between groups. And it was found that there was no interaction before and after creatine administration and one-week weight training. (p>.05). 2. It was found that there was no signigicant variation in body composition(body fat amount changes and body fat ratio changes) before and after shout-run weight training(p>.05). And it was found that there was no interaction before and after creatine administration and one-week weight training(p>.05). 3. It was found that there was no significant variation in the urinalysis before and after short-run weight training(p<.05). And it was found that there was no interaction before and after creative administration and one-week weight training (p>.05).

적외선 체열촬영을 이용한 당뇨병성 족부궤양의 평가

이수영,유두식,정순열,정진상 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1998 건국의과학학술지 Vol.8 No.-

To assess whether the development of plantar foot ulceration could be predicted from the mean plantar foot temperature(MFT), as assessed by digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI), in patients with or without diabetic polyneuropathy or foot ulceration, 46 feet with no diabetic polyneuropathy(group Ⅰ), 40 feet with diabetic polyneuropathy(group Ⅱ), and 17 feet with diabetic foot ulcer(group Ⅲ) were assessed by DITI in six standard plantar sites and were correlated with laboratory findings (blood sugar, hemoglobin Alc, C-peptide). Total MFT was significantly higher in group Ⅲ(33.18±1.86℃) than group Ⅰ(29.13±1.63℃) or group Ⅱ(30.89±1.51℃). There were increasing tendency of focal MFT in the third metatarsal head and greater toe where revealed higher incidence of foot ulceration. There was a trend toward elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) in groupⅢ. In conclusion, DITI is a simple, noninvasive method of idenfifying the neuropathic foot at increased risk of ulceration. Patients with high plantar foot temperature are at increased risk of neuropathic foot ulceration.

흰쥐 입천장발생중 laminin의 발현에 관한 연구

김원규,황우열,윤지희,백두진,정호삼 대한췌담도연구회 2000 대한췌담도연구회지 Vol.5 No.3

인터페이스 회로를 적용한 디젤기관의 배출가스특성에 관한 실험적 연구

한영출,김대열,백두성 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.12 No.6

In order to collect the engine performance data and determine optimum engine conditions, engine performance test based on interface unit were tested. This paper was carried out that engine' performance was developed using interface unit between personal computer and diesel engine. The results of the study are summarized as follows: Interface unit was developed. By using PAL, Simulation was carried in order to logic's inspection. From this test, NOx were decreased, otherwise PM were increased. By using EGR system, PM were increased by twice in the high load ranges, it was not seen to come into effect in the low load ranges. This system was tested D13 mode, the results were decreased more than 50% in the NOx emission.

DOC의 K-7 Mode에 의한 배기가스 저감에 관한 연구

한영출,백두성,오용석,박만재,박귀열,류규현 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.3

With the significant growth of the number of vehicles, environmental problems is raised. NOx, SOx, and PM emissions in diesel powered vehicles are larger than that in gasoline, because the development of pollutants reduction techniques has no: been yet achieved. So it is need to develop after-treatment or to convert into alternative fuel to satisfy emission regula-tion. Among the after-treatment systems to reduce the diesel emissions, studies with diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC) are done greatly. In this study using DOC, reduction efficiency with the change of temperature and catalyst loading was calculated through measurements of CO, HC, PM, and SOx.

농작물 해충 및 진균류 방제를 위한 방선균의 분리 및 동정

이은정,강경돈,황교열,김두호,김신덕,성수일 한국잠사학회 1998 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Twenty seven out of ca. 5,000 actinomycete strains, which were isolated from soil collected throughout the country, showed antimicrobial effects against fungi, Rhizopus stronifer (ATCC6227a), Rhizoctonia solani (KCCM 11271) and yeast, Candida albicans(ATCC10231). From these antifungal microorganisms, we further selected seven strains which seemed to produce insecticidal substances with in vivo test, using silkworm, Bombyx mori and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Morphological and biochemical experiments revealed that three strains out of seven were streptomyces. Further investigations on the physical and chemical properties of these antifungal and insecticidal substances are now in progress.

雨水管路 滿水時 水理學的擧動에 대한 XP-SWMM와 水理模型實驗의 比較 硏究

최한규,백효선,백두열 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B

To use land more efficiently under urbanization trend, Kangwon Province often covers open channels of creeks and uses them as parking lots or roads. A covered open channel section tends to form a rectangular culvert. Therefore, a creek with covered open channels can function as a storm drain. At the time of light rainfall, there are no significant differences except water flowing pattern between a creek with a covered open channel and a creek without it. Recently, however, the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfalls limited at a small, definite area has become problematic. When the heavy rainfall causes the carrying capacity of a creek to be exceeded, the creek with covered open channel has a more serious problem than the creek without it has. Therefore, we made an interpretation of data and conducted hydraulic model experiment to come up with economical solution to this problem.